Volume 10 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Democratic decentralization entails those representative local authorities (individual or collective bodies) are entrusted with significant powers. The distinction between participatory approaches and democratic decentralization is that the latter is specifically about including whole populations in decision making based on representative authority. Effective decentralization is a key tool for strengthening democracy. Decentralization is not unique to India, but a global trend. Institutions of local governance - Panchayati Raj, have existed in India since 1882. Gross roots governance has been a major concern of the planning process in Indian ever since the introduction of Panchayati raj in 1959. In order to improve the participation of rural people in the process of development and involvement in decision-making and decentralized planning, the government of India has made 73rd Constitutional Amendment in 1992 to provide constitutional recognition to Panchayati Raj Institutions. Like the 73rd amendment, the 74th amendment also lays down the structure of urban local bodies; provides for their regular, free and fair elections; makes provision for reservation of seats for SC, ST and OBCs; fixes their term to five years; protects them against arbitrary dissolution, specifies their powers and responsibilities; and attempts to strengthen the fiscal base of the urban local bodies. In the 43rd year of the Republic of India, 1992 the Constitution (74th Amendment) was passed which came into force on 1st June 1993.

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Decentralization, Democratic, Panchayat, Government, 73rd Amendment, 7th Amendment, Political, Administrative.

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Spatiality, Diaspora, De-territorialization, Re-territorialization, Consciousness

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Higher education's purpose and value are rapidly evolving as a result of technological progress and the widespread availability of data. In higher education institutions around the world, data mining and advanced predictive analytics are increasingly being used to perform tasks such as student recruitment, enrollment, prediction of student behaviour, and the development of personalised learning schemes. Big data and cloud computing impact on higher education is examined in this chapter. Using a systematic literature review and qualitative content analysis, the authors establish their position on the benefits, challenges and opportunities of using big data and cloud computing in education. We are conducting a comprehensive literature review in order to identify trends, classify research themes, identify potential future research avenues, and point out potential limitations. We conducted a systematic review of all 40 primary studies published between the years of 2014 to 2019. There has been an increase in education-related big data studies over the last two years, according to the findings of this study. Current studies on big data in education cover four main research themes: learner behaviour and performance, model-based educational data warehouse, system enhancements, and integration of big data into curriculums. Research on student behaviour and performance has been the primary focus of most big data educational studies.

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ANALYSIS ON APPLICATIONS IN THE SMART CAMPUS: A SURVEY ON FUTURE TEACHING AND LEARNING ON HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

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Introduction: BDNF has potent effects on neural synapses and high expression in the brain. Its pathway affects cell survival and other biological processes, namely neurite and axonal growth. Kaempferia galanga L. (aromatic ginger) has many active substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Administration of antioxidants can modulate BDNF levels useful for reducing the progression of traumatic brain injury. We analyzed the expression of BDNF in the injured brains of the rats after administration of Kaempferia galanga L. extract. Methods: This experiment analyzes the expression of BDNF in four different group of Wistar rats (Ratus novergicus) based on the presence of TBI using Feeney TBI weight drop model and Kaempferia galanga L. extract administration into Groups A (no trauma & extract), B (with trauma & no extract), C (with trauma and 600 mg/kgbw extract), and D (with trauma and 1200 mg/kgbw extract). Groups B, C, and D are further divided into those who had their BDNF measured on 24- (B24, C24, and D24) and 48-hours post-trauma & extract administration using immunohistochemistry evaluation. Results: BDNF expression were found to be statistically significant between Group A with both B24 (p = 0,009) and D24 (p = 0,009) on the 24-hour post-trauma decapitation analysis. On the 48 hours after trauma and extract administration, Group B48 (p = 0,002), C48 (p = <0,001), and D48 (p <0,001) were found to be significantly different with Group A. In all the rats receiving trauma & extract administration, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the results of BDNF expression within 24 and 48 hours in the control group without treatment with the other three groups, namely the control group with treatment, the treatment group with Kaempferia galanga L. extract 600 mg/kgbw, and the treatment group with Kaempferia galanga L. extract 1200 mg/kgbw. There was no significant difference in the results of BDNF expression both within 24 hours and 48 hours in the control group with the treatment group with 600 mg/kg Kaempferia galanga L. extract, and the treatment group with 1200 mg/kg Kaempferia galanga L. extract, However, there is an increase in the level of BDNF expression from the graphs of the results of the assessment of BDNF expression at 24 and 48 hours. Therefore, the administration of Kaempferia galanga L. extract to patients with brain injury can be considered as an option in increasing brain BDNF levels which are neuroprotective, but larger and specific studies are needed to determine the appropriate dose and duration for the use of Kaempferia galanga L. extract as a neuroprotectant agent in brain injuries.

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BDNF, traumatic brain injury, Kaempferia galanga L., Wistar rats

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A female geriatric patient, was recently diagnosed with Hypothyroidism, Hypertension and Fungal infections, is being treated for Septic acute kidney injury and is on dialysis. Patient attained menopause twenty years back. Upon communication, she told she never went to the hospital for her routine body checkup as she had no symptoms as such. The inter-relationship between Hypertension - Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroidism-Menopause suspects the actual pathophysiology for developing complication such as Septic acute kidney injury. Age and immunosupression being a causative factor for developing fungal injections. Our case report concluded the actual relationship between the above mentioned diseases. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring in various patients population such as geriatrics, pediatrics, obese or with complications, is must in order to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes and maintaining the safety levels of the drugs in the body. Hence, decreasing re-hospitalization and improving the quality of life of patients by curing the symptoms or disease in its best possible way

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Acute kidney injury, Hypothyroidism, Hypertension, Tinea cruris, Tinea carporis

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Coronavirus, Covid-19, omicron, global pandemic, administration, 7-R Model

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Women empowerment is a new concept in India as compared to history in the rest of the world. The Vedic Yuga was marked by a considerable freedom and absence of bondages upon women. The honour of women started dwindling just after the Vedic age. The Mughal period followed the suit and women continued to be helpless and dependent on men. It was British Empire that brought a little change in the condition of women. The fact is that our society has always been primarily male dominated. Yet it is the recent time that witnessed a huge rise in enthusiasm for women empowerment. Indian women are significantly involved at the grass roots level of activism. In Independent India women have important political and administrative positions. When India became a sovereign republic, the first Lok Sabha had only 22 women though there was no dearth of suitable candidates at that time. the 17th Lok Sabha will have the highest number of women representatives ever. They have account for 14.49% of the entire strength of the Lower House, which was at 11.9% with a total 65 women MPs in the previous Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha brought the number of women MPs to 25 of 245, just over 10% of the house. This brings the tally of women in parliament to 104 (there are 79 women in the 17th Lok Sabha), which is a new record. We considered 30 States and Union Territories for this analysis. The total number of MLAs in each Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly ranges anywhere between 30 to 398. Unsurprisingly, male MLAs form an overwhelming majority across all states, constituting anywhere between 86% to a full 100% in some states. Across India, an average of 8% MLAs are women.

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Women, Empowerment, Elections, Politics, India, Status, Development, Representation

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Agriculture is the dominant sector of Indian economy, which determines the growth and sustainability. In the past few years, Indian agriculture has done remarkably well in terms of output growth. Indian agriculture is benefiting huge from rising external demand and the sector’s wider participation in the global economy. In this context, the present study to analyse the growth of agriculture sector in India. Government has also taken initiatives to encourage private investment in the food processing industry. The agriculture sector represents one of the most significant and dynamic sectors of the Indian economy

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AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

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The majority of rural population migrates to the urban areas seeking a job and higher income for their survival. This creates a huge demand for housing and infrastructure in the urban areas. This is a phase where low cost housing comes into action. There is an urgent need to access to alternative building materials and techniques that are both affordable and sustainable. A literature review method was adopted in this article to investigate the economic benefit of low cost housing compared to conventional brick and concrete construction.

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lLow cost housing,Cost efficient construction,

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