Volume 11 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This comprehensive review article conducts a thorough examination of the existing body of literature related to the impact of parent-child relationships on the development and expression of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children. Utilizing a wide range of scrutinized papers, research studies, and clinical case reports, this paper amalgamates current insights to offer a holistic comprehension of this intricate association. The review highlights critical elements within the dynamics of parent-child relationships that contribute to a child's vulnerability to ODD. These factors encompass inconsistent disciplinary methods, emotional neglect, and family conflicts. By exploring both theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, it sheds light on the intricate interplay between these variables and the emergence of ODD symptoms. In summary, this review underscores the pressing need for further exploration and clinical initiatives within the realm of child psychology and psychiatry. By refining our comprehension of how parent-child relationships influence ODD, we can devise more efficient approaches for identifying children at risk, delivering timely interventions, and fostering healthier family interactions. This knowledge forms a crucial foundation for enhancing the overall well-being and future prospects of children affected by ODD.

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This comprehensive review article conducts a thorough examination of the existing body of literature related to the impact of parent-child relationships on the development and expression of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children. Utilizing a wide range of scrutinized papers, research studies, and clinical case reports, this paper amalgamates current insights to offer a holistic comprehension of this intricate association. The review highlights critical elements within the dynamics of p

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An important technical advancement with substantial ramifications for the real estate sector is the adoption of a blockchain-based land registration system. This distributed ledger system is intended to completely record and securely retain every transaction that takes place during the complex process of purchasing land. Land registration has historically been a laborious and drawn-out process, complicated by paperwork, middlemen, and the possibility of mistakes. Blockchain technology integration offers a groundbreaking solution in this situation. The possibility of this blockchain-based technology to improve and speed up land ownership transfers is one of its main benefits. The transfer of land ownership from the seller to the new buyer is made substantially more efficient and transparent when the blockchain serves as the underlying infrastructure. All parties involved have a precise and impenetrable record of the transaction because every step of the process is immutably recorded on the blockchain. All stakeholders' trust is improved as a result of the increased transparency, which lowers the likelihood of disagreements and fraud. The advantages apply to a number of real estate ecosystem stakeholders. The land acquisition process is streamlined, affordable, and secure for both buyers and sellers, requiring fewer middlemen and shorter administrative processes. Those in charge of monitoring and approving land transactions, known as government registrars, can also benefit from this technology. They may use the capabilities of the blockchain to streamline their regulatory processes, cut down on administrative costs, and quicken the process of land registration. Additionally, the decentralized nature of the blockchain guarantees that data is resistant to fraud and tampering, protecting the integrity of land records. Because of this, the blockchain-based Land Registration system not only reduces the administrative burdens related to land transactions but also increases trust in the veracity and accuracy of property ownership records, ultimately improving the overall stability and effectiveness of the real estate market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Block Chain, Ecosystem, Land Acquisition, Administrative Process, Ownership Transfer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal medicines have been used for centuries across cultures for their therapeutic benefits. However, the bioavailability of herbal compounds has often been a limiting factor in their efficacy. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool to address this issue by improving the solubility, absorption, and targeted delivery of herbal drugs. This comprehensive review explores the role of nanotechnology in enhancing the bioavailability of herbal drugs, covering various strategies, mechanisms, and recent advancements in this field.

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nanotechnology, nanoparticle formulation, Targeted Delivery Systems, Stability Enhancement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have made rapid strides in recent years, which has allowed them to excel at a wide range of activities including document completion and question responding. This has raised concerns about the unchecked usage of these models, which might lead to undesirable results like plagiarism, the creation of false news, spamming, etc. As LLMs must be used responsibly, accurate AI-generated content identification has become crucial. Several studies have attempted to solve this problem by including model signatures into text outputs or by watermarking texts with predetermined patterns. However, it has been observed that by a paraphrase attack, in which a light paraphraser is implemented on the LLM produced text. A range of AI detectors may be overwhelmed including those that employ watermarking methods, neural network-based detectors, and zero-shot classifiers. Furthermore, LLMs protected by watermarking methods are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, where a human adds covert watermarking signatures to human made text In this study, we examined the strengths and weaknesses of the watermarking and non- watermarking techniques for identification of text generated by AI. We looked at the soft watermarking technique for AI generated text and non-watermarked AI generated text and observed how it was vulnerable to spoofing and paraphrase attacks. This study reveals that the AI generated text detectors are unreliable under real-world conditions.

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Large language models, AI generated content identification, DetectGpt, AI detectors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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School counsellors play significant role in the total development of students in respect to career choices, in view of that career development interventions are provide to support the provision of information to guide students make well informed choices in personal, academic and social aspects. This study thus, aimed to examine whether the role of the school counsellor has any influence as well as guide students in their bid to choose career. Using the mixed method approach the study sought answers to; what specific role the school counsellor play to assist SHS students' career choice and also whether there is any significant relationship between the role played by school counsellors and students' choice of career. Results from the study showed that students strongly agreed that career guidance and counselling, career goal identification, organization of career days and conferences, administration of occupational interest inventory on students were among career intervention roles by the school counsellor influence their choice of career. Further, there was a positive correlation between the role of the counsellor and its influence on students choice of career. it is thus recommended that frequent intervention programmes need to be provided to support students make well informed choices. Keywords: School Counsellor, High School, Occupational Interest, Group Guidance, Career Choice, Vocational Guidance.

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The role of career counsellor and students career choice in high school : The Assessors perspective in a korba case

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of yogic exercises and aerobic exercises on selected psychological variables namely Stress, aggression and anxiety. The study has carried out and well designed to help to the practitioners in develop their personality factors. In this study the researcher has selected yogic and aerobic exercise training that is having more effect on psychological variables

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psychological variables, yogic exercises, aerobic exercises Anxiety, Stress, and Aggression

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ਭੂਿਮਕਾ - ਸੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦਵੇ ਜੀ ਿਸੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਦ ੇ ਮੋਢੀ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ।ਉਹਨ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ 15 ਅਪੈਲ 1469 ਈ: ਿਪਤਾ ਮਿਹਤਾ ਕਾਲੂ, ਮਾਤਾ ਿਤਪਤਾ ਦੇਵੀ ਦੀ ਕੱੁਖ ਰਾਏ ਭੋਈ ਦੀ ਤਲਵੰਡੀ ਿਵਖੇ ਹੋਇਆ। ਆਪ ਦਾ ਸਮੱੁਚਾ ਜੀਵਨ ਜਗਤ ਭਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਿਵੱਚ ਲੱਗਾ ਿਰਹਾ।ਆਪ ਨ ਦੁਿਨਆਵੀ ਕੰਮ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਨਾਲ ਲੋਕ ਭਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਿਵੱਚ ਆਪਣਾ ਜੀਵਨ ਬਤੀਤ ਕੀਤਾ। ਆਪ ਨ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਵੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ । ਿਜਸ ਿਵੱਚ ਜਪੁਜੀ ਸਾਿਹਬ ਦੀ ਮੱੁਖ ਬਾਣੀ ਹੈ ਇਸ ਤ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਆਪ ਨ ਆਸਾ ਦੀ ਵਾਰ, ਵਾਰ ਮਲਾਰ, ਬਾਰਹਮਾਹ, ਿਰਤੀ, ਿਥਤੀ, ਆਿਦ ਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ। ਆਪ ਆਪਣੀ ਸਮੱੁਚੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਿਵੱਚ ਨਾਮ ਜਪਣ, ਿਕਰਤ ਕਰਨ ਤੇ ਵੰਡ ਕੇ ਛਕਣ ਦਾ

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ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਬਾਣੀ ਿਵੱਚ ਇਸਤਰੀ ਜਾਤੀ ਪਤੀ ਆਦਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਤਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਭਾਵ

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Proper fluid intake is crucial for overall health, yet often overlooked, especially among young adults. The research aims to assess the level of knowledge of young women regarding fluid intake, exploring potential differences between hostelites and non-hostelites. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 105 respondents, addressing demographics and knowledge related to fluid intake. The survey revealed both similarities and differences in knowledge about fluid intake among non-hostel and hostel groups of young women. Non-hostel students were more aware of recommended daily fluid intake (80.36%) than hostel students (55.10%). Both groups had similar knowledge of hydrating beverages (around 60%). Knowledge about water's functions and symptoms of dehydration showed no significant difference. However, there was a contrast in understanding hydration based on urine color, with hostel students better informed (44.90%) than non-hostel students (19.64%). Both groups recognized the importance of water as the primary fluid source, the reliability of thirst as an indicator, and the consequences of inadequate fluid intake. The vulnerability of infants to dehydration was better understood by non-hostel students. The hostel group had a slightly better grasp of not using sugary drinks for rehydration. Targeted education can further enhance their understanding of fluid intake. The findings indicate that both hostelites and non-hostelites share a similar understanding of the importance of proper hydration for overall health, with chi-square analysis supporting this observation, revealing no significant differences in knowledge between the two groups. This study holds significance in addressing the prevailing lack of awareness about fluid intake among young adults, highlighting the need for educational initiatives to promote healthier practices.

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Fluid intake, young women, knowledge, educational interventions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Over a period of time, technological advancement has given adolescents new addiction disorders. Smartphone has intruded in adolescent's daily life so much that today's generation cannot survive without them. Due to high resolution camera components in smart phones adolescents are coupled with posting selfies on social networking sites and wait for comments of friends and others which boost their narcissistic behaviour.This investigation attempts to find out the relationship between posting selfies in the social networking sites and narcissistic behaviour among adolescents.In this study researcher has developed questionnaires to assess the selfie addiction and the level of narcissistic behaviour among adolescents. From analysis of the data it was revealed that boys were found to be posting selfies and indulging in narcissistic behaviour more than the girls. It was also seen that adolescents from government schools posted selfies and exhibited narcissism more than the adolescents from private schools. Narcissistic behaviour was found to be more among the boys than the girls. Lastly the researcher found that there was a relationship between posting selfies and narcissism among adolescent.

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Posting Selfies, Narcissistic behaviour, Adolescents, Government schools, Private Schools

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition