Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

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Federated learning; Internet of Things; intrusion detection; explainable artificial intelligence; SHAP; cyber security; privacy-preserving machine learning.

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Modern socio-economic changes have significantly increased female participation in the formal institutional labor market, where government employment is highly valued for offering financial stability, job security, and social dignity. Mid-level Group-B and Group-C female employees form the essential administrative backbone of public services in regional sectors, yet these married working women face continuous friction between demanding public career duties and traditional domestic responsibilities. This sociological study investigates the career and family management challenges of such women in Kampli Taluk, Ballari District, adopting an exploratory and descriptive design with a sample size of 45 female employees equally distributed across the education, health, and revenue departments, as well as balanced between rural and urban areas. Empirical findings reveal that holding a government job does not exempt women from carrying an exhausting "Double Day" burden and an unshared second shift of unpaid domestic labor, where time scarcity and role conflict emerge as major psychological triggers caused by rigid office hours and domestic expectations. Furthermore, a vast majority of respondents experience minimal spousal support, highlighting the persistence of traditional patriarchal divisions within families that lead to chronic physical fatigue, sleep disorders, and emotional burnout. Long-distance daily commuting, inadequate transport, and public sector workplaces lacking gender-sensitive infrastructure like functional day-care facilities further intensify their daily stress, while heavy departmental workloads often restrict women from utilizing special welfare benefits like Child Care Leave. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing flexible working hours, institutional day-care centers, commuter support systems at the taluk level, and community awareness programs to transform patriarchal mindsets regarding household labor division. Ultimately, empowering female civil servants requires simultaneous structural administrative reforms and progressive shifts in family values, proving that achieving true work-life balance is essential for enhancing both personal well-being and overall institutional productivity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Married Working Women, Government Employees, Career and Family Management, Role Conflict, Double Day, Kampli Taluk, Sociological Study.

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This article undertakes a critical examination of subalternity in Na D'Souza's Kannada novel Dweepa (1993; English translation 2005), focusing on the intersecting axes of displacement, gender, ecology, and silenced agency. Drawing on Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's foundational inquiry into subaltern speech, Antonio Gramsci's theorisation of the subaltern as a class excluded from historical self-representation, Rob Nixon's concept of slow violence, and the feminist political ecology of Bina Agarwal, this study argues that D'Souza constructs subalternity not as a fixed condition of victimhood but as a dynamic, contested terrain in which marginalised communities negotiate the simultaneous erasure of their land, identity, ecological knowledge, and voice. The analysis proceeds through five thematic axes: the question of subaltern speech and structural silence; the nexus of land, displacement, and cultural memory; gender and double marginalisation; ecological dispossession as an expression of subaltern condition; and the possibilities and limits of subaltern resistance. The article contends that Dweepa makes a distinctive contribution to Indian regional subaltern fiction by rendering visible the mechanisms through which development discourse silences those it ostensibly serves, and that the novel's critical and cultural circulation -- including its celebrated 2002 film adaptation directed by Girish Karnad -- demands sustained scholarly attention in English-language postcolonial studies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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subalternity, Na D'Souza, Dweepa, Kannada literature, displacement, slow violence, feminist political ecology, ecocriticism, postcolonial studies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our books and screens isn't just a technology upgrade; it's a cultural shift that is fundamentally changing how stories are told. But as we hand the pen to algorithms, we have to ask: whose stories are they actually telling? This article explores a feminist critique of AI, arguing that these systems aren't neutral observers but are deeply influenced by the patriarchal biases baked into their code.

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Rewriting Gender: A Feminist Critique of AI in Literature and Media

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Education is one of the key drivers of socio-economic development. However, the Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Jharkhand continue to be persistently disadvantaged. This paper analyses literacy rates, enrolment patterns, dropout trends and access to higher education among STs in Jharkhand using Census 2011, UDISE+ 2023-24, AISHE and PLFS 2022-23 data. The findings show that there has been significant progress in literacy, especially among women, but glaring differences among the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) where literacy is still below 30 per cent. Primary level enrollment is nearly universal but drops off dramatically at secondary and higher education levels. Dropout rates are particularly high at the upper primary and secondary levels, reflecting structural barriers such as poverty, early marriage and inadequate infrastructure. Despite affirmative action and scholarships, Jharkhand's higher education infrastructure is still underdeveloped compared to the national average. The study highlights the importance of targeted and culturally appropriate interventions to bridge the educational gap and promote inclusive development.

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Dropout, Enrolment Ratio, Gender Disparities, Higher Education

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The caste system in India represents one of the most enduring forms of social stratification, perpetuating structural inequalities and systemic exclusion across generations. This paper examines the transformative strategies of B. R. Ambedkar in his struggle against caste-based discrimination, with a focus on achieving substantive social and political equality. It argues that Ambedkar's approach was not confined to social reform alone but constituted a comprehensive framework integrating legal, political, economic, and moral dimensions. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study draws upon primary sources, including Ambedkar's writings, speeches, and contributions to the Indian Constitution, alongside contemporary scholarly literature. The analysis highlights key elements of his strategy: the call for the annihilation of caste through radical social reform, the pursuit of political empowerment via representation and electoral safeguards, the institutionalization of equality through constitutional provisions such as fundamental rights and affirmative action, and the advocacy of economic justice to dismantle material inequalities. Furthermore, the paper explores his decision to embrace Buddhism as a form of ethical resistance to caste hierarchy. The findings suggest that Ambedkar's multidimensional strategy has had a profound and lasting impact on India's democratic and legal framework, particularly in advancing the rights of historically marginalized communities. However, the persistence of caste-based discrimination in contemporary India underscores the limitations of formal legal measures in transforming deeply embedded social practices. The paper concludes that while Ambedkar's vision remains foundational to the pursuit of equality, its full realization requires sustained socio-political commitment, institutional reform, and cultural transformation.

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Caste System, Social Justice, Political Equality, Constitutional Morality

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During the COVID-19 epidemic, the sudden shift to online instruction drastically changed teaching methods and placed additional demands on educators. It is still crucial to comprehend how educators adjusted to this change in order to guide future digital integration in the classroom. In this context, teachers' motivation and the challenges they perceive in implementing online teaching play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of digital pedagogy. The present study examined gender and teaching experience differences in elementary teachers' motivation and perceived challenges toward online teaching, as well as the relationship between these two constructs. India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the use of technology for inclusive and high-quality education, positions teacher preparedness as a crucial factor in the digital revolution of education. In order to improve learning possibilities and equity, NEP places a strong emphasis on the creation and distribution of high-quality digital content, multilingual access, and technological infrastructure.

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Online teaching, Teacher motivation, Teaching challenges, Gender differences, Teaching experience, ICT in education.

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Corporate Social Responsibility has evolved from a voluntary ethical practice to a critical dimension of sustainable business practice. It is a pathway to long term success and not merely ethical governance. The tea industry is one of the oldest and the prominent agriculture sectors in India, where CSR plays a vital role in the development of marginalized communities. India is the second- largest producer of tea in the world. The paper highlights the need for CSR in the tea garden and an attempt has been made to highlight how the selected company has been able to implement various projects under the CSR activities, how these initiatives have not only improved the brand image but brought positive changes for the society.

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CSR, The Plantation Labour Act,1951, The Company Act,2013, Welfare activities, Social Development, Social Responsibility.

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The Monpa tribe, inhabiting the high-altitude regions of Tawang and West Kameng in Arunachal Pradesh, is distinguished by a unique cultural synthesis of Mahayana Buddhism and indigenous Himalayan traditions. This paper examines the critical, yet often under-documented, role of Monpa women in the community's politico-economic landscape. Economically, Monpa women are the primary drivers of the domestic and agrarian economy. Beyond their role in high-altitude agriculture and animal husbandry, they possess exclusive mastery over traditional weaving and the production of indigenous paper and carpets-commodities that have historically been central to trans-Himalayan trade. There control over the "granary" and household assets grants them a level of fiscal agency that is distinct among Himalayan tribes. Politically, while traditional village councils (such as that tshogpa) where historically male-dominated, Monpa women have exerted significant "informal" political influence through religious institutions and community-based organization. With the introduction of the Panchayati Raj system, there has been notable transition from informal influence to formal leadership. However, their societal status was often secondary to men, with limited access to education and political participation. Through advocacy and support, NGOs have facilitated greater political participation and leadership opportunities for Monpa women, fostering and environment of gender equality and progressive change.

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THE POLITICO-EONOMY ROLE AND ITS CAHLLENGES OF MONPA WOMEN IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH

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The collapse of the Soviet Union and the socialist systems in eastern Europe had profound consequences for world politics. It meant the end of cold war confrontations. The ideological dispute over whether the socialist system would beat the capitalist system was not an issue any more. The end of the confrontation demanded an end to a massive arms race, the existence of military blocs and accumulation of nuclear weapons.

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India and Tajikistan: A Historical Overview of Bilateral Relations

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