Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

The Gupta Empire (c. 320-550 CE) is often hailed as the "Golden Age of India" for its unparalleled achievements in politics, administration, literature, science, and art. Emerging after the decline of the Kushanas and the Satavahanas, the Guptas unified northern India and ushered in a period of prosperity, stability, and intellectual efflorescence. This paper explores the origins, administration, economy, cultural achievements, and decline of the Gupta Empire. Drawing from literary sources such as the Puranas, inscriptions, and the accounts of the Chinese traveler Fa-Hien, as well as modern historiography, it argues that the Gupta era represented a harmonious blend of political power, artistic creativity, and spiritual vitality. The legacy of this period shaped the civilizational identity of India for centuries to come.

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 Keywords

Gupta Empire, Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, Chandragupta II, Golden Age, Administration, Art, Literature, Science, Culture.

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This project focuses on developing a Desktop Voice Assistant capable of performing system-level tasks and online operations through voice commands. The assistant listens to the user's input, processes it using speech recognition, and executes predefined actions such as opening applications, searching the web, reading files, and fetching information like weather or news. The purpose of this project is to provide users with hands-free control over their desktop environment, improving productivity and accessibility. The system is implemented using Python, integrating modules like speech_recognition, pyttsx3, and various APIs. The proposed assistant operates locally, providing real-time response without cloud dependency.

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Speech Recognition, Voice Assistant, Text-to Speech, Automation, Desktop Control

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Human Resource Accounting (HRA) has emerged as a vital tool in measuring and managing the value of human capital within organizations. In the Information Technology (IT) sector, where intellectual and knowledge-based resources play a central role, the recognition and valuation of human assets have become crucial for assessing true organizational performance. This study investigates the Human Resource Accounting (HRA) practices adopted by major IT firms in Bengaluru, focusing on the methods of valuation, cost-benefit analysis, and their relationship with organizational performance indicators such as productivity, profitability, and employee retention. Based on secondary data collected from annual reports, HR disclosures, and sustainability reports of selected IT companies (2019-2024), the study applies descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses to assess the impact of HRA variables--Human Resource Cost (HRC), Training and Development Expenditure (TDE), and Human Value Added (HVA)--on Return on Human Capital (ROHC) and overall firm performance. The results reveal a strong positive correlation between structured HRA practices and organizational efficiency. Companies with advanced HRA systems exhibit higher productivity, lower attrition rates, and better financial outcomes. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of standardized HRA frameworks, strategic HR investments, and transparent human capital reporting for sustainable growth in India's IT sector.

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Human Resource Accounting, Human Capital, Training and Development, Employee Productivity, IT Sector, Human Value Added, Return on Human Capital.

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Vataja Kasa is the most frequently encountered problem in the Balyavastha . Vataja kasa is the one of the common complaint in daily paediatric practice and it is also a symptom of Nidana various diseases of respiratory system. Kasa roga (cough) significantly affects children , causing discomfort and reducing their quality of life. If Vataja Kasa is not properly managed , it can progress into chronic condition, creating distress for both the child and the parents. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe several cost effective formulations with Kasahara (cough relieving properties). One such formulation is Bharangyadi Lehya , known for its antitussive effects. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Ayurveda Management on Vataja Kasa Study design : Single Case Study Study Place : PMTs Ayurved College , Shevgaon Duration of study : 14 days and follow up after 7 days Follow up : 0th ,7th , 21st days Methodology: Internal medications play a vital role in alleviating the signs and symptoms of Vataja Kasa (dry cough), a condition primarily caused by the aggravation of Vata Do?ha. Ayurvedic management emphasizes the use of formulations that pacify Vata, lubricate the respiratory tract, and restore tissue strength. Among the various therapeutic preparations, Bharangyadi Lehya has been found to be particularly effective. This Lehya Kalpana serves as a safe and efficacious remedy that provides symptomatic relief through its Vata-Kapha shamaka, Kasahara, and Rasayana properties. It helps in reducing dry and spasmodic cough, soothing throat irritation, and enhancing respiratory efficiency. Thus, Bharangyadi Lehya offers a holistic, natural, and well-tolerated Ayurvedic approach for the management of Vataja Kasa.

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 Keywords

Vatakaphahar, Shuskakasa, Swarbheda Praanvahasrotas, Vataja kasa, Paediatric.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a central pillar in modern governance, commerce, and social infrastructure. Its potential to analyse massive datasets has revolutionized decision-making, but it has also amplified risks to personal privacy, autonomy, and data protection. India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is a crucial step toward safeguarding individual privacy in the digital era. However, the Act does not yet provide a comprehensive response to AI-specific issues such as algorithmic bias, automated decision-making, and data-driven surveillance. This paper critically examines India's emerging data protection regime in comparison with the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). It identifies existing gaps and proposes a multi-layered, risk-based legal framework suited to India's socio-economic and technological context.

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Artificial Intelligence, Data Privacy, Data Protection, DPDP Act, India.

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Mathura: Historical, Cultural and Religious Studies

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Mathura: Historical, Cultural and Religious Studies

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Occupational stress is an inevitable element in high-pressure professions such as policing. This study examines the impact of occupational stress on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) among Madhya Pradesh Police officers, with a specific focus on the mediating role of Work-Life Balance (WLB). The study is based on responses from 639 police personnel across various ranks in Madhya Pradesh. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical design using structured questionnaires to measure occupational stress, work-life balance, and OCB on a five-point Likert scale. Statistical techniques including correlation, regression, and mediation analysis were applied. Results indicate a significant positive relationship between stress and OCB (r = 0.225, p < 0.01) and a negative relationship between stress and WLB (r = -0.312, p < 0.01). Work-life balance partially mediates the effect of stress on OCB, suggesting that balanced personal and professional life reduces the negative consequences of stress and enhances extra-role behaviour. The findings underscore the need for organisational support systems, stress management training, and work-life initiatives to promote psychological well-being and organisational commitment among police personnel.

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Occupational Stress, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, Work-Life Balance, Police Officers, Mediation, Madhya Pradesh

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The medical implant and have a revolutionized an model healthcare by restoring the function improve the quality of life the extending life span of millions of patients. The device biological or synthetic designed to sports and replace enhance damaged tissue organs with in the human body. Over on the year significant advancements material science manufacturing technology and biomedical engineering have the development of more biocompatible durable and effective implant. Modern innovation the 3d printing, nanotechnology, material and smart equipped with sensor have greatly improved the precision an patient outcomes, and surgical monitor. These project provide an overview of medical implant discussion current and innovations challenge faced and explore trends an shape the future prospects implant technology. The medical implant and lies in the integration of article intelligence, long term stability and ethical concern continue to persist.

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Index Terms - Medical, Implant, Device, Innovation, Development.

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This research paper investigates the compelling national security, economic, and legal arguments for India to reduce its strategic dependency on foreign cloud storage providers. India's rapid digitization 1, while economically beneficial, is built upon a digital infrastructure predominantly controlled by US-based hyperscalers 2, creating a state of "Cloud Colonization." This report analyzes the multifaceted risks, including geopolitical vulnerabilities like a potential "kill switch" 4, the extraterritorial legal jurisdiction of foreign laws such as the US CLOUD Act 6, and significant "economic leakage".8 Methodologically, this paper synthesizes expert secondary research with a primary quantitative analysis of user perceptions in India, based on original survey data.9 The survey results (N=45) reveal a high public awareness of national security threats and a strong willingness to adopt domestic cloud alternatives. The paper then evaluates India's public and private sector responses, including the 'Meghraj' GI Cloud 10 and the rise of sovereign AI clouds like Yotta's 'Shakti Cloud'.11 The report concludes by supporting its central hypothesis--that public concern for national security is a key driver for adopting sovereign alternatives--and recommends a "Sovereign-First" hybrid strategy to secure India's digital future.

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7666727676

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Scientific advancement has become more essential in solving modern, complex, and diversified crimes. Though traditionally the courts relied on witness testimony and documents, scientific evidence including DNA profiling, digital forensics, voice analysis, and emerging technologies have become vital. Though the Indian Evidence Act 1872 is old, it has grown to accommodatthe scientific methodology, and landmark judgments have already laid down their admissibility and reliability, including safeguards against misuse. The statutory basis for expert opinion and electronic evidence can be found in key statutes such as Sections 45 and 65B of the Evidence Act. In addition, there are important procedural rules enabling consent and the protection of fundamental rights during forensic examination under the Code of Criminal Procedure. Current issues within the institutional forensic frameworks that exist include lack of standardization, inadequate accreditation, and resource constraints. From State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh to Mukesh v. State of Delhi, judicial decisions reveal a slowly evolving jurisprudence weighing forensic utility against constitutional protections such as privacy and protection against self-incrimination. But grave challenges persist due to uneven standards in laboratories, gulf in experts' qualifications, lapses in the chain of custody, and limited scientific literacy among judges. International experiences like the US Daubert standard and UK forensic regulatory frameworks provide models for Indian reform in light of scientific validity, judicial gatekeeping, and institutional oversight. Recent legislation, such as the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam of 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, attempt to reform forensic laws so as to enforce certification, make investigations into serious crimes compulsory, and introduce cutting-edge technologies. Overall, the integration of forensic science into India's legal framework is progressing, but needs further legislative amendment, establishment of autonomous forensic regulatory bodies, certification of experts, judicial education, uniform protocols, protection of privacy, and technology innovation for it to fully play its role as a support to fair and effective justice

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 Keywords

Forensic Evidence, Indian Evidence Act, DNA Profiling, Narco-Analysis, Brain Fingerprinting, Judicial Approach, Constitutional Rights.

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