Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The language known as Urdu is intimately bound up with the history of the Indian subcontinent -- its courts, its cultures, its social transformations, and its upheavals. Correspondingly, the literary tradition in Urdu has a rich and complex history in India. From its beginnings as a colloquial speech in the Muslim-ruled courts of the Deccan and North India to its rise as a major literary medium of poetry and prose, and from the 19th- and 20th-century modern developments to its present day status, Urdu literature in India reflects the social, cultural and political currents of its times. Using this as a backdrop, this essay traces the development of Urdu literature in India, its major periods, genres, figures and issues. To understand Urdu literature, one must begin with the language itself. The evolution of what we call Urdu (and before that Hindavi, Zaban-e-Dehli, Rekhta, Dakkhani) occurred over many centuries in the Indian subcontinent. According to the National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, Urdu developed in the post-12th-century period as a "linguistic modus vivendi" under the influence of incoming Muslim rule -- Persian, Arabic and Turkic contacts merged with local Apabhra??a dialects and emerging northern Indo-Aryan speech forms. For instance, the earliest extant work in the Dakkhani variety (southern Urdu) is the verse narrative Kadam Rao Padam Rao (c. 15th century) by Nizami. The label "Urdu" itself, meaning "camp" (from Turkish) or "army-camp language", came to be used later; but the literary tradition grew through various regional varieties (Dakkhani in the Deccan, Rekhta in the north, etc.). Thus, the foundation was laid: by the 14th-15th centuries there were religious prose treatises and poetic works in the new speech; but secular literary writing in Urdu proper would flourish later.. Mir's poetry primarily revolves around the theme of love--both earthly and spiritual. His ghazals capture the emotional depth of unfulfilled love, longing, and separation, expressed in a language that is delicate yet powerful. Unlike many poets who adorned their verses with complex imagery, Mir's style is marked by simplicity and sincerity. He focused on the inner emotional world of the lover, portraying the heart's pain with remarkable precision. His couplets often evoke universal human emotions, transcending time and culture.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key terms: Classical Poetry, Diversified themes, Literary genres, Challenge, Scope, Optimism, Universalism, Immortality.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An abscess is a localized collection of pus that can develop due to bacterial infection, characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and sometimes fever. Modern medical treatments typically focus on drainage and antibiotics, but Ayurvedic medicine offers a holistic approach to managing abscesses by addressing the root causes, enhancing immunity, and promoting healing. In Ayurved, abscesses are often linked to an imbalance in the body's doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha), particularly when Pitta dosha is aggravated, leading to heat and inflammation. Ayurvedic management of abscesses involves a combination of internal therapies, external applications, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes aimed at restoring balance and promoting natural healing. This abstract presents a comprehensive overview of Ayurvedic management for abscesses, focusing on the principles of holistic healing, and the integration of herbal, dietary, and lifestyle interventions to effectively treat abscesses and prevent recurrence.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywards - Abscess, Vidradhi, Jatyadi taila, Chedan and Visravan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ayurveda has a deep and all-encompassing understanding of life and health as a science. Over the course of many years, Ayurveda various branches have developed, with the primary focus being on disease prevention and treatment. There are a few illnesses known as Kshudra-Rogathat have straightforward pathologies but are challenging to treat. Foot corn can be correlated with Kadara in Ayurveda, and it is one among the 44 Kshudra Rogas mentioned by Acharya Sushruta. As we know every two in five persons suffer from Kadara once in their lifetime and people do not consider this seriously until and unless it starts abruption their daily activities and then reach a doctor when it needs to be seriously considered with the provoked signs and symptoms.[1] Acharya Sushruta describes Kadara under Kshudra roga and its ayurvedic approach of Ksharakarma, Agnikarma, Shastra karma,Lepana karma.[2] Amongst which Agnikarma is the most practiced karma amongst all the karmas due to its less chances to recur.[3] Corn in western medical literature exhibit striking similarities in their presentations. Salicylic acid treatment, corn caps, and invasive techniques such as laser, chemical, electric, and cryotherapy cauterization, as well as surgical excision, are used in the management of corn. However, there is a greater probability of recurrence and the results of these operations are not good. However, the after effects of corn surgery are promising due to its recurrence and wound healing.Agnikarma (Cauterisation)is the best treatment for the Kadara. This present Case report describes a case of Kadara(Foot corn) diagnosed as per clinical features and managed successfully by Agnikarma

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Agnikarma, Kadara, Foot corn, Excision

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"??????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ????" A comparative study of the aspiration levels of higher secondary level students in rural and urban areas

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Higher Secondary, Students, Aspiration Level, Comparative Study, Rural and Urban Areas

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Santhali Tribe is a Tea Tribe in Assam. Their living patterns are so simple like Indigenous Tribe.In this study explore the cultural practices,social organization and their livelihood in Nagaon District, Assam, India. This research aims to write about the Santhali people there traditional language, religion, culture & festival, family & marriage, social control, livelihood with the adapted neighbouring culture and rapidly changing socio-economic environment .In this report data were collected in 4 month using primary data through the participants observation method and secondary data was collected in research papers, articles, government census data and documentary and also using semi-structured interview with community members.This study found the ethnographic study in Santhali community in emic perspectives there living style and livelihood , this findings contributed my research paper to good understanding the socio-cultural images using the ethnographically study of the Santhali Tribe

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Santhali, Munda, Ethnographic, Socio-culture, Livelihood,Nagaon,Tea,Tribe.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Due to the rapid development in the use of internet, digital marketing has become inevitable which has necessitated every marketer to have direct relationship with customer through online. Customer relationship management is considered as one of the indispensable parts of business, where in strategies has to be built to attract and retain loyal customers, because gaining customer is easy but retaining is too difficult. It is very important to understand customer through some features, their needs and individual personalities. This can be tackled through online marketing as it records the buying behaviour of the customer automatically. Digital channels like internet, e-mail, mobile phones and digital television offer new prospects to cultivate customer relationships. This paper aims to study the gap between customer relationship management in traditional marketing and digital marketing and to figureout the influence of CRM as a motivational tool on online shopping in e-business environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Traditional marketing, Digital marketing, CRM, Social Media Marketing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ama is a combination of "Am" Dhatu and "Nich" Pratyaya. Ama is is the material that is immature, undercooked, unripe, and undigested. It refers to the material that is still immature and goes through more digestion and related modifications. It is the result of poor digestion, which Agnimandya is the primary cause of. It indicates a compromised metabolism that results in the accumulation of toxins that the body finds difficult to neutralize or get rid of. Ama vitiates Amavata, Grahani Dosha, Katigat Vata, Tamak Swasa, and other ailments are caused by a combination of Dosha and Malaby when Doshasand disrupts the Dhatu Samya. Because it is a forerunner to numerous inflammatory, infectious, and degenerative processes that eventually result in fully developed diseases, Ama signifies the shift from physiological to pathological states.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words:Ama, Agnimandya, Amavata, Grahani Dosha, Katigat Vata, Tamak Svasa

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indralupta(Alopecia areata) is a disease characterised by patches of hair loss spread throughout the body and scalp described as Shirogata Roga (diseases of head) & Kapalagata Roga (Scalp disease)by Acharyas.It can be considered alopecia areata according to conventional medicine. Alopecia areata is considered autoimmune, making it difficult to treat with increased chances of recurrence. But Ayurveda is very effective with no side effects and minimal chances of recurrence as it not only treats the disease but also works on the causative factors (Nidan Parivarjana).The present case report is on the effectiveness of Shaman(treatment that pacifies the aggravated Doshas), Keshya(Hair nourishing treatment), and Raktamokshna(blood-letting) in the patient of Indralupta. A 16-year-old boy who had hairless patches on his scalp was diagnosed with Alopecia areata 4 years before by a dermatologist. He already took conventional modern medicines but didn't get a satisfactory result. It showed recurrence after the stoppage of medicines. So, he came to Kayachikitsa OPD for Ayurvedic treatment. After 4 months of Shamana Chikitsa, Jalaukavcharan (Leech therapy), Nasya (medicine administered through nasal route), and Shirolepa (local application of Ayurveda herbs), complete recovery was seen with no adverse effects during and after treatment. In this case, hair regrowth from hair follicles was evident within 30 days of treatment. The collected data of this study suggest that Shamana treatment, Raktmokshan, and Keshya medicine can provide complete relief in Indralupta.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indralupta, alopecia, Alopecia areata, Hair loss, Case study, Ayurveda,shalakya tantra

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The article investigates how much the investors are aware, how well they comprehend and what their perception is of the candlestick chart patterns as a technical analysis tool. The data which was gathered from 268 investors utilizing a convenience sampling method disclosed that the most powerful factors moulding the investors' perception and application of the candlestick analysis in stock trading are knowledge and the interpretive understanding. The respondents who had a better understanding of the candlestick patterns were more confident and accurate in their interpretation, and therefore they made informed investment decisions. It is true that the educational background and exposure to stock trading enhance one's analytical ability but their influence is felt only when it is backed by a solid interpretive foundation. Interestingly, the study shows that there is a negative correlation between the previous exposure and the variety of candlestick types that one knows, which means that seasoned traders usually stick to the patterns that they are already acquainted with and, thus, their adaptability to new analytical insights is limited. Besides, across the different types of investors, the knowledge factor is the only one that significantly differentiates in terms of the trading style and strategy. The study insists that the simple experience or exposure does not suffice but rather one has to develop a deep conceptual and interpretive understanding of candlestick patterns for effective technical analysis, improved decision-making in stock trading and especially so in the case of Nifty Fifty stocks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Candlestick Chart Patterns, Investor Perception, Interpretive Understanding, Investor Awareness, Nifty Fifty, Investment Behaviour, Financial Decision Making.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agricultural productivity is significantly influenced by the timely detection and management of plant diseases and nutrient deficiencies. Manual diagnosis through visual inspection is prone to errors, delays, and reliance on expert knowledge. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have enabled the automation of crop health monitoring using image-based analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of existing research on disease and nutrient deficiency detection in crops using AI techniques. It reviews multiple approaches, identifies limitations in current systems, and proposes an integrated model combining CNN-based detection, recommendation mechanisms, and location-based farmer notifications. The study concludes with insights into future trends such as IoT integration, real-time analytics, and mobile-based decision support for smart agriculture.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agriculture, Disease Detection, Nutrient Deficiency, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Deep Learning, Smart Farming, AI in Agriculture.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition