Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Many regulatory obstacles prevent the broad use of personalized medicine, which tailors' therapies based on a patient's genetic and molecular profile. This review looks at the main regulatory obstacles, such as the lack of established procedures for genetic testing and biomarker validation and the requirement for flexible frameworks to support the quick development of genomic technologies. The paper also discusses the significance of strong privacy measures and the ethical issues surrounding the use of genetic data. To enable the safe and efficient integration of customized medicine into conventional healthcare, the article highlights the significance of regulatory innovation, cooperation, and policy development.

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 Keywords

Personalized medicine, regulatory hurdles, genomic technologies, ethical concerns, genetic data, biomarker validation, healthcare integration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study is all about understanding how a few equity mutual fund schemes have actually performed over time. I wanted to see if these funds really deliver what they promise - good returns without taking unnecessary risks. The whole point was to check whether these funds could beat the market and give investors something better than just average returns. I've used some standard tools like Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, Jensen's Alpha, and Beta to measure their performance. All my data comes from reliable sources - AMFI, NSE, and official fund documents. I picked funds from different categories like large-cap, mid-cap, and multi-cap to get a complete picture. After comparing everything, I found out which schemes were actually consistent and which ones managed risks well. Honestly, I think this study will really help people make smarter choices when they're confused about where to put their money.

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 Keywords

Mutual Funds, Equity Schemes, Performance Evaluation, Risk-Return Analysis, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, and Jensen's Alpha.

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Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) are integral components of pharmaceutical quality systems, ensuring product safety, efficacy, and compliance with regulatory standards. This paper explores the principles, methods, and importance of QA and QC in pharmaceutical manufacturing, emphasizing their combined role in maintaining global quality standards.

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Quality Control, Quality Assurance, GMP, cGMP, ICH, ISO, TQM, Compliance, Testing

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The Buddhist philosophy of Dukkha (suffering) and Moksha (liberation) represents one of the most profound explorations of human existence and its ultimate transcendence. Gautama Buddha’s central insight lies in the recognition that suffering is not an accidental condition but an inherent aspect of life, rooted in ignorance (avidyā) and craving (tṛṣṇā). Through the Four Noble Truths—Dukkha, Dukkhasamudaya, Dukkha Nirodha, and Dukkha Nirodha Marga. Buddhism provides a rational and experiential framework for understanding the cause of suffering and the path to liberation. The Eightfold Path, based on morality (śīla), meditation (samādhi), and wisdom (prajñā), guides individuals toward ethical living, mental discipline, and insight leading to nirvāṇa, the state of ultimate peace and freedom from desire. In the modern context, when humanity faces increasing psychological stress, consumerism, and existential emptiness, the Buddhist doctrines of mindfulness, compassion, detachment, and the Middle Way offer a timeless solution. Contemporary psychological practices such as mindfulness-based therapies echo the essence of Buddhist meditation, emphasizing awareness and inner balance. Thus, the Buddhist theory of suffering and liberation remains a living philosophy relevant not only for spiritual awakening but also for restoring ethical and emotional harmony in today’s world, illuminating a path from material discontent to inner peace and universal compassion.

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 Keywords

Buddhism, Dukkha, Nirvana, Mindfulness, Eightfold Path

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and menstrual irregularities. Conventional treatments such as oral contraceptives and metformin provide symptomatic relief but often cause adverse effects. This review synthesizes recent clinical and experimental studies on herbal and integrative therapies as safer, holistic alternatives. Medicinal plants like Ashwagandha, Shatavari, Spearmint, Turmeric, and Fenugreek demonstrate antiandrogenic, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing properties. Integrating lifestyle modification with herbal therapy offers a sustainable and effective approach for managing PCOS, minimizing pharmacological side effects, and improving overall reproductive and metabolic health.

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 Keywords

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Herbal Medicine, Ayurveda, Phytotherapy, Hormonal Imbalance, and Insulin Resistance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Metakaolin, Polypropylene fibers, M30 grade concrete, Compressive strength, Pozzolanic reaction, Workability, Crack resistance, Mechanical properties

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Surrogacy is one of the most effective ways to overcome both biological and social infertility. Commercial surrogacy is an excellent way for intended parents can grow their families. Moreover, commercial surrogacy respects the bodily integrity and personal autonomy of surrogate mothers. Surrogate mothers have the right to bodily integrity and personal autonomy to decide whether they want to give birth to a child or not. It is through exercising the right to personal autonomy and bodily integrity that the surrogate mother chooses to give birth to a child for the intended parents and earn money. It is the choice of the surrogate mother to allow the procedures in her body and make economic value out of it. And, this right, the right of personal autonomy and bodily integrity, can never be diminished or deprived by any law, as these are the fundamental rights without which life would be devoid. The personal autonomy and physical integrity of surrogate mothers are flagrantly violated when commercial surrogacy is prohibited while altruistic surrogacy is permitted. Therefore, the Act's prohibition on commercial surrogacy is unconstitutional due to the violation of physical integrity and personal autonomy. The purpose of this study is to better comprehend the concept of surrogacy in the current context of commercial surrogacy. To that end, the author attempts to list the various enacted laws passed so far that have the potential to legalise surrogacy.

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surrogacy, commercial surrogacy, statutory provision and ethical dilemma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Flexibility is an important part of badminton and in the lower-limb coordination, strength, and injury prevention of the muscles; the hamstring muscles are essential. Active Knee Extension (AKE) and Passive Knee Extension (PKE) are two of the most prevalent clinical tests that are used to assess hamstring flexibility. Nonetheless, there has been minimal studies that compare both tests among badminton players.

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 Keywords

AKET- active knee extension test , PKET- passive knee extension test , AKE- Active knee extension ,PKE - Passive knee extension , AROM -active range of motion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Modern humanities in literature represent the study of human values, identity, psychology, culture, society, technology, and the transformation of individual and collective life in the contemporary world. This paper explores how modern literature becomes a medium to understand human consciousness, social inequality, cultural displacement, gender politics, technological changes, and global ethics. Through the works of twentieth and twenty-first century writers, the study analyses how literature negotiates with alienation, trauma, digital culture, feminism, postcolonial resistance, ecological crisis, and the conflict between materialism and human values. The paper concludes that modern humanities in literature strengthen empathy, cultural memory, and ethical awareness in a rapidly changing world.

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Modern Humanities, Literature, Identity, Psychology, Feminism, Technology, Globalisation, Human Values, Alienation, Digital Culture

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Quantum computing is a breakthrough in computational science and has the potential to overcome classical computing systems in solving complex mathematical and optimization problems. The growing relevance of quantum computing is closely aligned with the shift toward Industry 5.0-a technological paradigm that emphasizes intelligent collaboration among automated systems and human decision-making. At the same time, however, this constitutes a critical cybersecurity challenge. The reliability of contemporary digital security frameworks relies fundamentally on public-key cryptosystems-RSA and ECC-which are based on the computational infeasibility of integer factorization and discrete logarithmic problems. Shor's algorithm can perform this task with incredible speed on scalable quantum processors and, when it is launched, will make such encryption mechanisms obsolete. This development puts sensitive communication, financial systems, digital identity frameworks, and blockchain infrastructures at considerable risk. Simultaneously, however, quantum computing opens new avenues for defense, such as QKD and emerging PQC schemes, which have been designed to resist quantum-driven attacks. This paper critically analyzes the dual impact of quantum computing on cybersecurity, assesses the vulnerability of RSA and ECC encryption under quantum attack conditions, and outlines strategic migration frameworks for secure adoption of quantum technologies in Industry 5.0 environments. In doing so, the study emphasizes that governments, enterprises, and technological institutions urgently need to proactively invest in quantum-resilient security infrastructures that ensure long-term data integrity and secure digital transformation.

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 Keywords

Quantum Computing; Cybersecurity; RSA Encryption; Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Shor's Algorithm; Post-Quantum Cryptography; Quantum Key Distribution; Industry 5.0; Cryptographic Vulnerabilities; Digital Security Framework

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