Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Abstract Muscle cramps are a common and distressing complication among patients undergoing hemodialysis. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of leg exercises on reducing muscle cramps among hemodialysis patients. A total of 100 participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique, with 50 patients assigned to the experimental group and 50 to the control group. The experimental group received structured leg exercise sessions, while the control group continued with routine care. Data were collected using a structured muscle cramp assessment scale before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in muscle cramps among the experimental group, indicating that leg exercises are an effective non-pharmacological intervention for reducing muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients.

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 Keywords

Leg exercises, muscle cramps, hemodialysis, patients, non-pharmacological intervention, Indore, Madhya Pradesh

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 Abstract

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Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Mothers, Depression, Beck Depression Inventory, Mental Health

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Keywords: Pain assessment, Pediatric pain, Wong-Baker FACES, FLACC scale, Parental perception, Health professional perception

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Ayurveda is a science of life. The aim of Ayurveda is "Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshnam Athurasya Vikara Prashamanam Cha " i.e propagation of health and cure of diseases. There are certain concept like Dincharcharya , Rutucharya, Sadurutta, Rasayan Chikitsa, Yoga which are mention in Ayurveda for propagation of health which are directly responsible for wholeness of life. 1) Dinacharya - Are all those activities we should do from the time of awakening in the morning till we go to the bed at night. e.g- Brahma Mahurta Uttishtate, kawal, Gandush Dharan. 2) Rutucharya- Rutucharya consists of lifestyle and Ayurvedic diet routine to maintain the physical and mental impact caused by seasonal changes as recommended. e.g - in Shishir Ruta - oil massage, wearing warm clothes is recommended, foods like - cereals, pulses, new rice, corn etc. 3) Sadvritta- It is a set of ethical codes and rules in Ayurveda that promote healthy living and good behaviour e.g Being kind, respecting elders, etc. 4) Rasayan chikitsa - It is a Ayurvedic therapy that focus on strengthening mind. It act as the body and both preventive & Curative 5) Yoga - It is a group of physical, mental and practices, spiritual or body and mind aimed at controlling to attain various goals. Ashtang yoga is mentioned in Ayurveda, i.e. Yama, Niyam, Aasana, pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharma, Dhyan, Samadhi

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 Keywords

Dincharya, Ritucharya,Sadavritta,Rasayan chikitsa,Ayurveda ,Wholeness

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Ayurveda gives special importance to the principal "prevention is better than cure". Ayurveda briefly explained the knowledge of do's and don't. With the help of these principles each individual may lead a happy, healthy, physical and mentally comfortable life ( In Ayurveda, Gridharasi is described in Vatavyadhi. Acharya in Bruhatrayi, Laghutrayi and Sangraha Granth and Various Ayurvedic Samhita described Vatavyadhi. Among Tridosha, Vata is responsible for almost all Vata Vyadhi. All Dhatus undergo Kshaya in Vriddhaavastha, making individualprone to many diseases and this condition leads to Vata Prakopa. Gridhrasi is one of the commonest diseases. In this disease Vata get vitiated due to various causes, as mentioned in Charak Samhita and get located where the Kha-vaigunnya present . Gridhrasi is one of the common Vatavyadhi dealing with pain radiating from the buttock down the back of thigh and along the posterior or lateral aspect of the calf to the foot. In this disease, Vata get vitiated due to various causes like Sharirik Hetu like Ruksha, Laghu and Shita Gunataatmak Ahar - Vihar, Vegadharan, Aticheshta, Ativyayam, Ratrijagaran, Ativyavay, Marmaghat and Manashik Hetu like, Shoka, Bhaya, Dukhashyya, Krodha and Chinta as mentioned in Charak Samhita. This causes stretching, pin pointing and shooting pain in the leg

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Vata, sthambha, ruk, toda, spandhana,kandara

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The necessity for effective, transparent, and dependable decision-support systems for immigration authorities has been highlighted by the sharp rise in U.S. work visa applications. A thorough survey and implementation architecture for a Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) pipeline that uses employer and applicant data to forecast the approval status of U.S. visa applications are presented in this study. Using tools like Docker, GitHub Actions, and AWS (EC2, ECR, and S3), the study incorporates end-to-end automation spanning data ingestion, preprocessing, model training, evaluation, and deployment. High predicted accuracy was achieved by employing ensemble models such as Random Forest and XGBoost to conduct binary classification (certified or denied) based on key parameters, such as education level, job experience, company size, prevailing wage, and region. To guarantee stability and consistency, the system uses Evidently AI for data drift detection, SMOTE balance, and schema validation. Real-time forecasts are supported via a Streamlit-FastAPI web interface, providing immediate stakeholder insights. The poll emphasises accountability and transparency while highlighting the growing need of explainable AI and fairness-aware learning in high-stakes decision systems. This work illustrates how production-ready AI systems can improve operational efficiency, repeatability, and ethical compliance in immigration and public-sector decision-making by fusing predictive modelling with scalable MLOps approaches.

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MLOps, Machine Learning, Visa Approval Prediction, CI/CD, AWS, Docker, Streamlit, FastAPI, Data Drift, Explainable AI

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Expression of women's emotions in Indian folk songs

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Expression of women's emotions in Indian folk songs

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Abstract Naam Prasanga, being a living religious and cultural heritage of Assam, is of tremendous importance in conserving the religious and social heritage of Srimanta Sankardeva and Shri Shri Madhavdeva. Naam Prasanga reflects their teachings of Neo-Vaishnavism as a path of devotion and prayer to the Almighty. Having its roots in the 15th century, Naam Prasanga was first introduced by Srimanta Sankardeva in the form of collective worship by hymn singing and devotional recitation devoted to God. Based on the Vaishnavite school of thought, Neo-Vaishnavism promotes one God, Lord Krishna, as the supreme deity. Naam Prasanga finds close affinity with the cults of Kirtan and Bhajan, in which people come together to sing and chant the glories of God in search of spiritual bliss and communion with God. Even though there are regional differences based on differences in social and cultural environments, the core of Naam Prasanga is consistent in Assam as the people cling to the time-tested philosophy of Srimanta Sankardeva. Assamese society, which is steeped in tradition and culture, welcomes many spiritual and cultural practices, of which Naam Prasanga holds a central position. It is not merely a devotional practice but a vibrant cultural expression through which the deep messages of Bhakti (devotion) and Stuti (praise) are carried to one supreme being--Krishna. Belief in the Nirakar Brahma (formless divine) is a central teaching of Neo-Vaishnavism and has a deep impact on the very nature of Naam Prasanga, transforming it into a living and spiritually enriching tradition that continues to dominate the cultural life of Assam.

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Keywords: Naam Prasanga, Samhati, Neo Vaishnavism, Heritage, Tradition.

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The concept of victim compensation represents a significant shift in the criminal justice system from an offender-centric approach to a victim-oriented model of justice. In India, the introduction of Section 357A of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) through the 2008 amendment marked a legislative milestone, recognizing the state's responsibility to provide monetary relief and rehabilitation to victims of crime. Despite this progressive legal framework, the implementation of victim compensation schemes remains inconsistent across states due to administrative lapses, lack of awareness, and inadequate funding mechanisms. This study critically analyzes the evolution, legal framework, and practical operation of the Victim Compensation Scheme in India. It examines the judicial interpretation of victim rights through landmark cases such as Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty (1996), Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa (1993), and Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad v. State of Maharashtra (2013). A comparative perspective is also explored by referencing international instruments like the United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (1985) and foreign compensation models in the United Kingdom and the United States. The research finds that while the judiciary has played a proactive role in recognizing victims' rights and enforcing compensation, systemic inefficiencies continue to hinder the realization of complete restorative justice. The paper concludes that effective implementation requires uniform national guidelines, enhanced coordination between legal service authorities and law enforcement agencies, and a greater focus on victim rehabilitation rather than mere financial compensation.

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Victimology, Restorative Justice, Compensation, Criminal Law, Victim Rights, Section 357A CrPC, Legal Aid.

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The rapid growth of cities has worsened traffic congestion, making it one of the biggest urban issues of the 21st century. This paper looks at the main causes, social and economic effects, and policy responses related to increasing congestion in major cities worldwide. It combines ideas from urban economics, transportation planning, and sustainable development to examine how population growth, poor infrastructure, and behavior patterns contribute to congestion. The paper also explores the potential of various policy measures, including congestion pricing, public transport improvements, and smart mobility solutions, to create sustainable urban transport systems. Through a detailed review of existing literature and real-world evidence, the study stresses the need for a collaborative approach that links transportation policies with environmental and economic sustainability goals.

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: Urban traffic congestion, Metropolitan cities, Sustainable transport, Urbanization, Public transportation, Congestion pricing, Smart mobility, Transportation policy, Urban planning, Behavioral factors, Environmental sustainability, Governance

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