Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Background: Tinnitus is one of the most distressing conditions that can markedly impair a patient's quality of life and productivity. Although not life-threatening, it often leads to emotional distress, cognitive impairment, intrusive auditory perceptions, sleep disturbances, and various somatic complaints. Its incidence and prevalence are steadily increasing. Current management strategies include anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and other pharmacological agents, yet evidence supporting their long-term efficacy over potential risks remains limited. Similarly, the role of invasive and non-invasive neurostimulation therapies is not well established. Even advanced interventions such as cochlear implantation and hearing aid development have yielded inconsistent results. Materials and Methods: Literature related to tinnitus and Karnanada was reviewed from classical Ayurvedic texts, their commentaries, and contemporary medical sources. Results: There is a pressing need for therapeutic approaches that are safe, effective, reproducible, and widely accepted. Such treatments should aim to significantly alleviate both the intensity and the impact of tinnitus. Discussion: The multifactorial etiology and often unclear pathogenesis of tinnitus pose challenges in formulating a definitive treatment protocol in modern medicine, making prognosis uncertain. In contrast, Ayurveda provides a clearer understanding of Karnanada , with detailed descriptions of its prognosis and treatment modalities, which may offer more satisfactory outcomes. Conclusion: Ayurvedic management, particularly when integrated with herbal formulations, shows promising potential in addressing tinnitus (Karnanada). It can serve as a valuable complementary approach alongside modern therapeutic options.

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Karnanada , Nada , Tinnitus, Treatment .

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The significance of inclusion lies in its ability to foster a sense of belonging, where each student feels understood, appreciated, and recognized for who they are. This sense of validation not only nurtures their academic growth but also builds their confidence as individuals. Beyond the classroom, an inclusive education equips students to thrive in the wider world as responsible, empathetic citizens who contribute positively to their communities. Inclusive classrooms extend far beyond providing academic support for students with special educational needs--they create learning environments where everyone benefits. Students, teachers, families, and school communities all gain from inclusion. Students thrive as they build friendships and learn alongside peers from diverse backgrounds, while teachers deepen their understanding of each learner and strengthen classroom relationships. Present paper is an attempt to understand different ways and strategies to promote inclusion in classrooms.

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Understanding Inclusion in the Classroom: Importance, Ways and strategies to Promote It

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The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, was a watershed event in Indian history. It represented the first large-scale and organized uprising against British colonial rule, combining political, economic, social, and religious discontent. Sparked by immediate military grievances but rooted in deeper structural causes, the revolt spread across northern and central India, challenging the authority of the East India Company. This paper analyzes the multifaceted causes, the course of the rebellion, its leadership, and its eventual suppression. Drawing upon the works of historians such as R. C. Majumdar, S. N. Sen, and V. D. Savarkar, it also explores the consequences of the uprising -- politically, socially, and administratively -- and its lasting impact on the Indian freedom movement.

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Revolt of 1857, Sepoy Mutiny, First War of Independence, British Colonialism, Nationalism, East India Company.

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Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama in the 6th century BCE, emerged as one of the most significant reform movements in ancient India. It arose as a response to the complex ritualism and social inequality of Vedic society. This paper examines the rise of Buddhism, its key teachings such as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, and its profound influence on Indian religion, philosophy, art, and culture. Through a historical and analytical lens, this study highlights how Buddhism reshaped the moral and social fabric of India and left a lasting legacy across Asia.

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Buddhism, Gautama Buddha, Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Middle Way, Sangha, Mauryan Empire

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The Mauryan Empire (321-185 BCE) marked the first unification of most of the Indian subcontinent under a centralized state. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya and expanded by his successors, the empire reached its zenith during the reign of Emperor Ashoka (273-232 BCE). This paper examines the political organization, administrative structure, and moral governance of the Mauryan Empire, with special emphasis on Ashoka's reforms following the Kalinga War. Drawing upon archaeological evidence, literary sources like Arthashastra and Edicts of Ashoka, and modern historiography, the study highlights how Ashoka's administration combined pragmatic governance with ethical humanism. The Mauryan model of bureaucracy, revenue collection, espionage, and justice laid the foundation for later Indian political systems. The paper concludes by assessing Ashoka's enduring legacy in promoting welfare, religious tolerance, and moral rule (Dhamma).

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Mauryan Empire, Ashoka, Administration, Arthashastra, Dhamma, Political Unification, Governance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research examines the multifaceted impact of traffic congestion on working professionals, focusing on psychological, physical, productivity-related, and economic consequences. Employing a synthesis of contemporary academic literature, this study explores how daily commutes through congested environ-ments contribute to heightened stress, adverse mental and physical health outcomes, diminished work per-formance, and significant economic losses. The research identifies critical factors such as commute dura-tion, frequency of congestion, and the unpredictability of travel times as key determinants of these nega-tive impacts. Furthermore, it highlights various individual, organizational, and policy-level coping mech-anisms and mitigation strategies, including flexible work arrangements, improved public transportation, and urban planning interventions. This study contributes a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by traffic on professional well-being, offering actionable insights for individuals, employers, and policymakers aiming to foster healthier and more productive workforces in urban settings.

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Traffic congestion, Commute stress, Working professionals, Productivity, Mental health, Physical health, Economic impact, Flexible work arrangements.

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Manshik Swasth Sudhar Hetu Sangeet Or Yog Ka Ekikrut Prayog

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Manshik Swasth Sudhar Hetu Sangeet Or Yog Ka Ekikrut Prayog

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Police officers in India often face significant challenges in efficiently documenting incidents, FIRs, and witness statements due to language diversity, time constraints, and noisy environments at crime scenes. Traditional manual documentation methods are slow, error-prone, and limited by linguistic barriers, leading to delays and inaccuracies in complaint registration. To address these issues, this project proposes a Multilingual Speech-to-Text System designed to convert audio complaints into accurate text and support for multiple Indian languages and dialects. The system allows officers to record statements through a mobile or web interface, automatically transcribe the audio, and review and correct the text before securely storing it. Once verified, the text is automatically formatted into a First Information Report (FIR) or official report. The system architecture integrates speech recognition, language processing, secure data storage, and existing police IT systems, ensuring smooth adoption in both field and station environments. This solution improves speed, accuracy, and accessibility in complaint documentation, reduces administrative workload, minimizes errors, and enhances overall efficiency in police operations.

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Speech-to-Text, Multilingual System, Police Documentation, Indian Languages, Real-time Transcription, Secure Data Storage, Language Processing, Web and Mobile Application, AI in Policing.

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Accurate and early identification of plant leaf diseases plays a crucial role in improving crop yield, ensuring sustainable farming, and reducing economic losses. This paper presents a real-time monitoring system for precise plant leaf disease detection using deep learning techniques. The proposed system integrates IoT-enabled cameras for continuous image acquisition, an efficient pre-processing pipeline for noise removal and segmentation, and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) optimized for deployment on edge computing devices. The system performs rapid and accurate classification of diseased and healthy leaves, providing farmers with instant alerts and visual insights through a user-friendly dashboard. Experimental validation confirms the robustness of the proposed model across multiple crop species and environmental conditions. This study contributes to the advancement of smart agriculture by providing an intelligent, automated, and cost-effective solution for real-time disease detection and management.

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Plant leaf disease detection, real-time monitoring, deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN), IoT, image processing, smart agriculture, edge computing

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The present clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Ashwattha Twak Kwatha Yonidhavana in the management of Yonigata Shwetastrava (Leucorrhoea). A total of 20 patients presenting with classical symptoms of Yonigata Shwetastrava such as excessive vaginal discharge, itching, and local discomfort were selected for the study. The intervention involved Yonidhavana (vaginal douche) with Ashwattha Twak Kwatha for 7 days after menses for 3 consecutive cycles. Assessment was made before and after the treatment based on parameters like strava pramana, kandu, gandha, cervical erosion and backache. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the clinical features after the treatment period. Most patients showed complete or marked relief from discharge and itching, indicating the effectiveness of Ashwattha Twak Kwatha Yonidhavana in reducing local infection, inflammation, and excessive secretion. Statistical analysis confirmed that the improvement observed was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study supports that the kaphaghna, and yonishodhana properties of Ashwattha Twak, which contribute to maintaining vaginal hygiene and normal physiological function. Thus, Ashwattha Twak Kwatha Yonidhavana can be considered an effective, safe, and economical local therapy for Yonigata Shwetastrava.

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Yonigata shwetastrava, Ashwattha twak kwath, yonidhavana, clinical study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition