Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Inclusive education is the cornerstone of equity and social justice in modern schooling. It ensures that every child, regardless of ability, background, or learning need, receives equal opportunities to participate, learn, and succeed. This paper examines the role and importance of inclusive education at the primary level. Drawing upon the works of UNESCO (1994), Vygotsky's social constructivism, and Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, it explores how inclusive practices promote acceptance, collaboration, and holistic development. Empirical studies demonstrate that inclusive classrooms enhance academic achievement, empathy, and social skills for all learners. The paper concludes with recommendations for teachers, policymakers, and schools to strengthen inclusive strategies through curriculum adaptation, teacher training, and community involvement.

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 Keywords

nclusive Education, Primary Schools, Equity, Special Needs, Diversity, Social Constructivism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Urticaria commonly known as hives is a common problems characterized by the rapid onset of red rash with itching due to various agents like allergens, and medications. This review article objectives to assess the worth of the use of homeopathic mother tinctures in the management of urticaria. Homeopathic Mother tinctures, which are concentrated extracts of medicinal plants that are prepared according to homeopathic pharmacopeia. It is believed to have therapeutic properties that may help ease symptoms and promote healing. This review is based on existing feature, clinical studies, and anecdotal evidence to assess the efficacy, mechanism of action and safety of these tinctures in the treatment of urticarial. All these Findings suggest that homeopathic mother tinctures may provide a valuable alternative or complementary treatment mode for patients who are suffering from urticarial. In conclusion, this review article aims to contributes to a more advanced approach of homeopathy for the management of urticarial, improving patient care and achieving goals

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Homoeopathy medicines, urticaria, homeopathy, review, homeopathic mother tincture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The decision to pursue orthodontic treatment for a pre-adolescent child is a complex one, navigating a landscape of conflicting clinical opinions and parental concerns. The American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) famously recommends a child's first orthodontic evaluation by age seven. This recommendation, however, is for screening, not a mandate for treatment. This review synthesizes current evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines to delineate the clear indications for early intervention (the "Do's") from the conditions where a "wait-and-see" approach is evidence-based (the "Don'ts"). Early treatment, known as Phase 1 or interceptive orthodontics, is not a comprehensive solution but a targeted intervention. Its value is proven for specific skeletal and functional problems, such as crossbites and underbites, where guiding growth is paramount. Conversely, for common issues like moderate overbites (Class II malocclusion) and general crowding, high-level evidence suggests that a two-phase approach offers no significant long-term dental or skeletal advantages over a single, comprehensive phase in adolescence, while significantly increasing total treatment time and burden. This review aims to provide a clear, evidence-based framework for clinicians and parents to distinguish between necessary intervention and prudent observation.

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 Keywords

Interceptive orthodontics, Pre-Adolescent Treatment, Phase 1 Orthodontics, Early vs.Late Treatment, Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background: MS, or multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition that often reduces equilibrium and raises the possibility of falls, significantly affecting patients' mobility and quality of life. Exercise therapy is a key intervention in MS rehabilitation, yet the comparative impact of group versus individual exercise remains underexplored. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of group exercise to increase equilibrium and lower the hazard of falls in multiple sclerosis of individuals with, compared to individual exercise and no intervention. Methodology: A total of 45 participants diagnosed with MS were casually assigned into three groups: A of Group (group exercise), Group B (individual exercise), and Group C (control). Sessions were held 3 times a week for eight weeks through the intervention. Balance and fall risk were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the The Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results: Participants in Group A showed significant improvement in BBS and TUG scores and reported a reduced fear of falling compared to B and C cohorts (p < 0.05). Group B. Also demonstrated improvement, though less pronounced than Group A. The control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Group exercise is additional effective than individual exercise or no intervention in enlightening equilibrium and reducing fall risks among MS patients. These findings suggest that incorporating group-based physical activity into MS rehabilitation programs may enhance functional outcomes and promote social engagement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fall risk, balance, multiple sclerosis, group exercise, rehabilitation, and comparative analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biometric authentication plays a crucial role in ensuring secure and reliable identity verification in modern digital systems. Traditional biometric methods such as fingerprints, iris, or facial recognition often face challenges related to duplication, spoofing, and environmental interference. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents an IoT-based ECG person identification system that utilizes the unique electrical activity of the human heart as a biometric signature. The proposed system employs an AD8232 ECG sensor interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller to capture and transmit real-time ECG signals. Machine learning algorithms analyze extracted ECG features to classify known and unknown users with high accuracy. The integration of IoT enables remote monitoring and continuous authentication, ensuring enhanced data security and usability. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves reliable, non-invasive, and tamper-resistant authentication suitable for healthcare, defense, and smart access applications

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ECG-based authentication, Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning, ESP32 microcontroller, Biometric identification, Real-time monitoring, Secure access control.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This mathematical work was aimed to find the value which is fundamental to pi (?), for this purpose the search through calculations was carried out. This value was found to be 0.67592629..., which yields not only values related to pi such as 1.77245385, 1.36913881, 0.29457572 etc. but also value of pi itself. This value is fundamental to its derived constant pi (?).

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Pi

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act 2005 Domestic Violence Is Physical, Psychological, Sexual, Economic, Verbal Violence By Another Member Of The Family.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Domestic Violence, Types of Domestic Violence, Physical, Psychological, Economic, Sexual, Protection Officer, Family Incident Report, Notice, Counselling, Settlement, Order, Response Appellant, Defendant Evidence, Cross-examination, Decision, Error

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Low Back Ache (LBA) refers to pain, stiffness, or discomfort localized between the lower rib margin and the gluteal folds, with or without leg radiation. Chronic nonspecific low back pain more common in healthcare professionals, nurses are more prone to develop low back pain due to heavy workload. lumbar motor control exercises (MCE) and SNAGs mobilization were proven more effective individually but there is no recent comparative study available. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness between MCE and SNAGs in reducing pain, improving ROM and reducing functional disability in patients with CNSLBP among working nurses. Method: An experimental study design, A total of 60 individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (n=30) and Group B (n=30). Subjects in group A receives lumbar motor control exercises and group B receives SNAGS mobilization. Interventions are given for 3 days per week, 2 sessions per day for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t- test to compare variables with in group and paired t-test is used to compare the variables between groups after completion of 4 weeks of inverventions. Results: At the end of 4 weeks, when comapared within groups both groups shouwed significant difference (p<0.05) but when compared on post test values between groups MCE showed significant improvement than snag's in terms of VAS, MMST, MODI scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that eventhough both therapeutic modalities are effective, MCE is more effective than SNAGs mobilization in the management of nonspecific low back pain among working nurses.

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 Keywords

Chronic nonspecific low back pain, lumbar motor control exercises, SNAGs mobilization, Visual Analogue Scale, Modified Modified Schober's test, Modified Oswetry Disability Index.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Impact of Atmanirbhar Bharat Scheme on the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Sector after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy and Practical Perspectives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Impact of Atmanirbhar Bharat Scheme on the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Sector after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy and Practical Perspectives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's fast-paced digital era, individuals encounter vast amounts of information through documents, articles, and reports. Reading and comprehending all this content can be time-consuming and challenging. To address this issue, this project presents an Intelligent Document Summarization System that automatically condenses lengthy documents while preserving their key ideas and essential meaning. The system supports multiple file formats, including PDF, TXT, and DOCX, and employs advanced text extraction and summarization techniques to produce concise and coherent summaries. It also offers multilingual support for English, Hindi, and Marathi, enhancing accessibility for diverse users. Additionally, the system integrates real-time related news retrieval, enabling users to stay informed on topics relevant to their documents. Users can easily copy, download, or share summaries, and with secure login and authentication, they can save and manage their summary history. Overall, this project delivers a smart, efficient, and user-friendly solution for managing and understanding large volumes of information, ultimately helping users save time and enhance productivity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Intelligent Document Summarization, Text Summarization, Automatic Summarization, Multi-format Document Support (PDF, TXT, DOCX), Text Extraction, Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition