Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Multisensory learning is a teaching approach that engages multiple senses--visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile--to enhance understanding and retention. In primary education, where children learn best through experience and play, multisensory techniques help connect abstract concepts to concrete experiences. This paper examines the effectiveness of multisensory learning in improving comprehension, memory, and motivation among primary students. Drawing on the theories of Orton and Gillingham, Piaget, and Gardner, it emphasizes that integrating sensory activities strengthens neural connections and supports diverse learning styles. Empirical evidence suggests that multisensory instruction benefits all learners, particularly those with learning difficulties such as dyslexia. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for implementing multisensory methods in classrooms for holistic and inclusive learning.

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 Keywords

Multisensory Learning, Primary Education, Teaching Methods, Learning Styles, Inclusive Education, Sensory Integration

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Critical thinking is a fundamental skill that empowers learners to analyze, evaluate, and make reasoned judgments. In primary education, the development of critical thinking lays the groundwork for creativity, problem-solving, and lifelong learning. This paper explores the importance of fostering critical thinking skills among young learners and the pedagogical strategies used to nurture them. Drawing from constructivist theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Dewey, it discusses how inquiry-based learning, discussion, and reflective activities enhance reasoning and independent thought. Empirical studies show that early critical thinking instruction improves academic performance, decision-making, and communication. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating critical thinking into the primary curriculum through active, reflective, and collaborative learning experiences.

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Critical Thinking, Primary Education, Constructivism, Inquiry Learning, Problem Solving, Reflection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the mutual fund investment habits and patterns of working professionals, with an emphasis on the variables that affect their selections, the kinds of mutual funds they choose, and how market changes affect their decisions. The study illustrates how working professionals rank investments according to risk tolerance, financial objectives, income level, and financial knowledge through a combination of surveys, data analysis, and case studies. To better serve the interests of this expanding investor category, the study attempts to offer a framework for financial advisors and institutions.

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Investment patterns, Mutual funds, Working professionals, Financial behavior, Risk tolerance, Investment decisions, Financial literacy, Market fluctuations, Investment objectives, Income level, Investment preferences, Portfolio management, Financial planning, Investor awareness, Investment strategy.

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The main objective of this project is to designand implement a user-friendly and accessible mobile application capable of detecting hidden spy cameras in sensitive environments such as hotels, rental properties, and changing rooms. Our system leverages advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models, deep learning, and computer vision techniques to identify camera lenses through reflection analysis. Using a smartphone's camera, the system captures live video frames, applies preprocessing, and employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify whether reflections correspond to spy cameras or harmless objects. The platform provides real-time alerts through sound or vibration, making it practical for non-technical users. Additionally, in its second phase, the system incorporates Wi-Fi signal analysis to identify active hidden cameras within a range of up to 30 meters, further strengthening detection accuracy. By combining optical reflection analysis with wireless signal monitoring, this project presents an innovative and portable solution to counteract privacy invasion. Ultimately, the application aims to enhance personal safety, encourage responsible use of surveillance technology, and contribute to a more secure and trustworthy digital society. Future extensions may include improved detection in poor lighting conditions and support for deployment across multiple device platforms.

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 Keywords

Spy camera detection, Computer Vision, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Wi-Fi signal analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Cooperative learning is an instructional strategy that encourages students to work together toward shared goals, fostering both academic success and interpersonal growth. In primary education, cooperative learning plays a crucial role in developing communication, teamwork, empathy, and problem-solving skills. This paper examines how cooperative learning enhances social competence among young learners. Drawing from Vygotsky's Social Constructivist Theory and Johnson & Johnson's Cooperative Learning Model, it highlights the importance of group interaction in fostering peer relationships and emotional intelligence. Empirical research indicates that cooperative classroom activities improve students' self-esteem, tolerance, and collaboration. The paper concludes by recommending practical strategies for integrating cooperative learning into primary school curricula to promote holistic development.

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Cooperative Learning, Primary Education, Social Skills, Collaboration, Teamwork, Constructivism.

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This study investigates the peristaltic transport of a micropolar fluid in an asymmetric channel under the influence of an induced magnetic field. The effects of slip velocity at the channel boundaries are incorporated into the analysis. By employing the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations, analytical expressions for the axial velocity, stream function, magnetic force function, and axial induced magnetic field are derived. The governing expressions are evaluated for a specific set of parameter values used in the model analysis. The computed results are illustrated graphically to highlight the physical behavior of the flow. It is observed that variations in the parameters significantly influence the flow characteristics, and the presence of a magnetic field notably affects the fluid motion. The influence of slip velocity on the flow exhibits a behavior similar to that of the induced magnetic field.

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Peristalsis; Micropolar Fluid; Slip velocity; Induced Magnetic Field; Pressure Gradient

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Assessment for Learning (AfL), often known as formative assessment, is a learner-centered approach that focuses on continuous feedback and improvement rather than final grades. In primary education, formative evaluation helps teachers identify learning needs, guide instruction, and encourage self-reflection among students. This paper explores the role of formative assessment strategies in enhancing learning outcomes and motivation among young learners. Grounded in the theories of Black and Wiliam (1998) and Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development, the study highlights methods such as peer assessment, self-assessment, and feedback-based evaluation. Empirical evidence shows that formative assessment promotes engagement, confidence, and academic progress. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating formative strategies effectively into primary education for holistic student growth.

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Formative Assessment, Primary Education, Feedback, Learning Process, Evaluation, Self-Reflection.

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Environmental education is essential in shaping young learners' attitudes and behaviors toward nature. At the primary level, developing environmental awareness through activity-based learning enables students to understand ecological balance, sustainability, and their role in environmental protection. This paper explores the significance of hands-on environmental education in building responsibility and eco-conscious behavior among children. Grounded in experiential and constructivist theories of Dewey and Piaget, the study emphasizes how activities such as gardening, recycling projects, nature walks, and experiments enhance environmental literacy. Empirical evidence indicates that activity-based environmental learning improves knowledge retention, critical thinking, and community participation. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for integrating environmental education into the primary curriculum for holistic development.

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Environmental Awareness, Activity-Based Learning, Primary Education, Sustainability, Experiential Learning, Eco-Literacy

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Vitamin D deficiency in women is a pervasive health concern prevalent among women with far-reaching implications for overall well-being. The present article provides a concise overview of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women and its association with lifestyle factors. Factors contributing to its prevalence include limited sun exposure, dietary choices, and hormonal changes associated with pregnancy and menopause. According to available data from various research papers, the Present article explores the extent of deficiency in various regions and age groups, underlining the necessity for targeted interventions. Lifestyle plays a pivotal role in vitamin D status for women. Inadequate sun exposure, stemming from indoor occupations and cultural practices, remains a primary contributor. Dietary preferences, often lacking in calcium-rich foods, further exacerbate the problem. Lifestyle-related factors like obesity can compromise vitamin D bioavailability. Vitamin D deficiency in women is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, and mood disorders. Promoting lifestyle modifications, including sun exposure, dietary improvements, and supplementation, is essential in addressing this concern. Awareness campaigns and tailored strategies are pivotal in the prevention and management of vitamin D deficiency.

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 Keywords

Vitamin D, Diet, Lifestyle, Sun exposure, Prevalence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition