Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

In order to fully understand the rich tapestry of religious experiences and ideas held by people worldwide, this research paper compares and contrasts Christianity and Hinduism. The study offers insights into the internal and outward aspects of these two ancient faiths by navigating the historical, anthropological, and psychological dimensions of religion. The study explores the historical foundations before examining the writings of significant individuals like Andrew Lang, Herbert Spencer, Max Muller, Edward B. Tylor, and Father Wilhelm Schmidt. It investigates how early religious conceptions were shaped by the connections between ancestor worship, animism, and the idea of a High God. The views on sacrifice rituals and the function of religion in society provided by Emile Durkheim and William Robertson Smith are invaluable. The study, which focuses on Hinduism, emphasizes how distinct it is as the oldest religion in the world and how it lacks a founder or sacred text. The dynamic character of Hinduism, its multiplicity of practices and beliefs, and the inclusiveness of its spiritual terrain are emphasized. The study examines Hindu beliefs on karma, the soul's immortality, and the quest for Moksha in order to clarify the various routes that lead to spiritual enlightenment. Turning to Christianity, the study places its foundation in the teachings of Jesus Christ and recognizes its widespread influence. Its theological ramifications are studied in relation to the unique notion of the Trinity, which includes God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. The paper explores Christian origin myths, Original Sin, and many viewpoints on salvation and human suffering. In conclusion, the study finds similarities between Christianity and Hinduism, especially with regard to their shared pursuit of spiritual emancipation and belief in a supreme deity. The study emphasizes the value of religious tolerance and respect for one another while highlighting the common objective of fostering humanity's spiritual nature. Through an examination of these basic themes, the study advances a more sophisticated comprehension of the various spiritual trajectories that people pursue.

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 Keywords

Comparative Religion, Hinduism, Christianity, Spiritual Evolution, Religious Diversity

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Study-Zone platform is a groundbreaking online platform meticulously crafted to revolutionize the way students access educational resources. Designed with the aim of alleviating the cumbersome process of navigating through multiple websites, Study-Zone offers a consolidated hub where students can seamlessly access syllabi, question papers, e-books, and a plethora of other study materials. Moreover, the platform goes above and beyond by providing an engaging space for students to participate in interactive quizzes, enabling them to evaluate and enhance their knowledge in various subjects. Additionally, Study-Zone features a wealth of insightful blogs curated to offer valuable career guidance and foster the development of essential technical skills. By centralizing these resources under one roof, Study-Zone endeavors to empower students with the tools they need to excel academically and navigate their career paths with confidence and clarity.

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E-Learning, Education, Quizzes, Quiz, Syllabus

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One of the most effective tools for a country's development is education, which is dependent on instructors' competence. for the learner's overall growth and high-quality education Teachers' expertise, passion, professionalism, and motivation play a major role in this.Today, producing such teachers is a big task for governments all around the world. The teaching profession has become increasingly difficult as a result of the proliferation of knowledge, new pedagogical and psychological theories, philosophy, sociology, and globalization. Therefore, there is a greater need for creative and well-planned teacher education programs. Every country faces a challenge in providing qualified instructors. The teacher education curriculum and regulations have undergone a paradigm shift recently as a result of the efforts to reform and restructure the field, as well as in response to numerous policy papers and documents in India, including the Kothari Commission Report from 1964-1966, the Acharya Ramamurti Committee Report from 1990, the National Curriculum Framework from 2005, the National Knowledge Commission Report from 2007, the NCTE regulations from 2009, the Right to Education Act from 2009, and the NCFTE from 2010. However, there have also been some concerns, including outdated curricula, the length and calibre of internships, in-service teacher education, a lack of practical components, and teacher education via distant mode. This essay discusses certain regulations, problems, and difficulties related to teacher preparation.

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Teacher Education, Issues, Challenges

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Women writers attempted their hands at the new genre of fiction as early as 1879, though it is not till a later date that they could occupy a position of importance. The theme of modern woman's existential struggle to establish her own identity in order her individuality surfaces quite often in the novels of Indian women novelists of post- independence age as can be seen in the works of Kamala Markandaya, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Anita Desai and Nayantara Sahgal. Women Writing in English in India present the dilemma which modern women are facing nowadays. The women have to suffer due to their self-will and individual ideas. In the novels of Jhabvala, there are girls who have to suffer due to the blind imitation of western culture. Jhabvala presents their modernity with great irony. Through the description of the Indian woman, which Jhabvala gives in her different novels. Jhabvala wants to highlight vivid facets of women's nature. Her women characters try to be modern and refuse to comply with their surrounding because of their fascination for modernity. Here, Jhabvala in her novel Get Ready for Battle presents a vast picture of modern Indian society through her female characters. The paper throws light on the new woman who thinks and performs the work according to her own wishes. The modern woman does not believe in traditional convictions but sticks to her own convictions and is ready to sacrifice a few things to preserve her identity.

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 Keywords

Existential struggle, blind imitation, western culture, fascination for modernity, traditional convictions, sacrifice, preserve, identity.

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Child mortality rates in developing nations can significantly rise due to Child malnutrition. While child malnutrition itself may not directly cause death, it weakens children's immune systems, rendering them susceptible to fatal diseases and infections. This paper aims to scrutinize the effect of child malnutrition on child mortality in developing nations. To substantiate the study, relevant secondary qualitative data from credible websites and journals has been collected. The study's findings reveal that malnourished children face heightened risks of succumbing to common ailments like diarrhea and pneumonia. Especially in Developing nations, in particular, exhibit a high incidence of child mortality associated with malnutrition. It is imperative for governments to implement necessary, preventive, and effective interventions to eliminate child mortality stemming from malnutrition.

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Child Malnutrition, Child Mortality, Developing Nations.

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This research explores the implementation of digital libraries in rural India, examining the expectations and the actual outcomes. In a rapidly evolving technological landscape, the study investigates the extent to which digital libraries meet the information needs of rural communities. Through surveys, interviews, and case studies, we analyze user expectations, infrastructure challenges, and the impact of digital libraries on education and access to information. The findings shed light on the nuanced relationship between expectations and the reality of digital library adoption in rural India, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and technology developers aiming to bridge the digital divide in marginalized communities.

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Library science, digital library, rural India.

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Satisfied workforces of an organization are more likely to work well in their job without stress, stay long period of time, maintain positive ambience at work place resulting higher revenue and creation of favorable brand name for its society. The security and welfare of society depends upon its students because these are the people who will take the responsibility of the success of the society in future. It may be possible through good teacher who help in achieving student's goal. So teacher's role is very important. The basic purpose of this study is to find the factors that affect job satisfaction of the college teachers and to know their level of job satisfaction. To achieve the objectives of the study, 150 respondents from govt. colleges in Mahendergarh district were selected during year 2023 on random basis. Data is collected through semi structure questionnaire. For the analysis of data Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi Square values are used in SPSS 21.0 software package. It is found that college teachers have moderate level of job satisfaction. Level of job satisfaction between male and female college teachers is same. The college teachers are high satisfied with the nature of their work and least satisfied with operating procedures and fringe benefits.

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JOB SATISFACTION: A STUDY OF GOVERNMENT COLLEGE TEACHERS IN MAHENDERGARH DISTRICT OF HARYANA

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: Indian is moving towards digitalisation by introducing Digital India movement. The question arise that do the Indians are ready for it. Are they aware about the risk associated with the use of apps / online dealing? Lack of awareness regarding the appropriate use of technology increases risk for the users. Across the globe, the cybercrime rate is increasing day by day and one of the reasons is poor skills to use. As a result of negligence while dealing with such technology, many people have borne hug lose. It is not sole responsibility of government to reduce rate of cybercrime. The society has to work collaboratively to create healthy society. After parents, the teacher can be guide for the students as they spend more time at school. If the teacher is skilled then s/he can develop net savvy skills among students. It is one of the ways to reach to the society and create healthy society. In this paper, the authors have made an attempt to enhance net savvy skills among the prospective teachers. 24 prospective teachers from one teacher training college were selected as sample. Data collected with the help of net-savvy skill test and FGDs. The study found that the net-savvy skill of prospective teachers as a result of Net Savvy programme has enhanced and they have started using net-savvy skill while performing various activities online. They not only check authenticity of information but also check appropriateness of source and act accordingly.

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Net-savvy Skill, Cybercrime awareness, Prospective teacher

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Abstract Poverty alleviation is a key objective for many countries. At the beginning of the new millennium, 260 million people in the country did not have incomes to access a consumption basket which defines the poverty line. Of these, 75 per cent were in the rural areas. India is home to 22 per cent of the world's poor. 22 % Indian population live below poverty line whereas 32 % population lives below poverty line in Assam (Economic Survey of Assam, 2013-14). Such a high incidence of poverty is a matter of concern in view of the fact that poverty alleviation has been one of the major objectives in the 21st century. Financial inclusion can serve the purpose to a greater extent. Increasing access of financial services to deprived section of society is the main motto of Financial Inclusion in India. A major section of rural population is deprived of financial access in the form of bank accounts, financial advice, financial services etc. According to census 2011, only 58.7 % of households are availing banking services in the country whereas the percentage of household availing in Assam is only 44.1%. The main problem is the provision of financial services to those living in poverty are excluded from the financial system. These people do not have income nor own a property and therefore, are unable to provide Bank guarantees, as a result of which they are generally forgotten by financial Institutions and Banks. The concept of Financial Inclusion has gained a lot of importance and momentum in this regard in the last decade. Financial inclusion may be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups at an affordable cost (Rangarajan 2008). To make growth inclusive for all sections of the society, initiatives have been taken to make banking and other financial services easily accessible. The first such initiative was the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) policy statement of 2005-06 to achieve 100% financial Inclusion. One of the measures that followed the initial guideline directed commercial banks to open "no frills accounts", i. e, accounts requiring no minimum balance, aimed at the poor. Simplification of KYC norms, Introduction of BC/BF model, Electronic Benefit Transfer(EBT), introduction of KCC/GCCs, Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana, Jan Suraksha Bima Yojana are the important initiatives undertaken by the Government if India. Over the years, along with SCBs, RRBs, Co-operative Banks and Societies, Post Offices and Insurance companies have also played an important role in meeting the financial needs of the people. In this paper an attempt is made to explore the available statistics to investigate the level of financial inclusion or access at the household level in Assam from three different aspects- availability of financial services at village level (physical access), access of households to bank accounts and utilization of financial resources and services by households from formal system. The study is a desk study based on secondary sources of data. The scope of study is the state of Assam. Available up-to-date data have been used. They include Basic Statistical Returns of SCBs, Various reports of RBI, NSSO, All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS), Economic Survey of Assam etc. The study found that Assam and especially rural Assam has performed poorly in all three dimensions of financial inclusion- availability, accessibility and usage of financial services. In all the parameters, Assam has been much below the all India average. As far as district-wise banking parameters are concerned, the study indicated a wide variation in all the parameters. No district has performed well in all indicators. The survey data and statistics of banks and other institutions on various dimensions of financial inclusion while expose some significant aspects of the success of financial inclusion drive, when seen individually these fail to give a wholesome picture. Lack of financial literacy is considered as one of the important hurdles in expanding the coverage of financial services to the marginalized sections of the society. Barriers to access both on demand side and supply side require to be removed to achieve greater financial inclusion. Instead of confining to the schemes recommended by the official committees, banks may adopt some innovative schemes for making financial inclusion more meaningful as well as successful.

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 Keywords

Key Words- Poverty Line, poverty alleviation, financial inclusion, no frills accounts, financial literacy, marginalized sections.

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