Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The computerization of higher learning institutions has necessitated the need to have intelligent, automated, and scaling systems of academic management. The traditional student portals are founded primarily on the aspect of being a mere information repository and lack contextual assistance, workflow assistance, and real-time communication services. The Smart Student Assistance Platform presented in this paper is an AI-enhanced platform that is developed to combine both academic and administrative capabilities in a single architecture. The Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based chatbot interaction, the process of attendance calculation that is going to be carried out automatically, the work with grades and schedules, the development of timetables, the verification of the eligibility to the place of residence, and the real-time notification are also included in the proposed system. A formal mathematical framework of attendance, calculation of GPA and validation eligibility framework is provided. There is experimental performance that indicates that response time is kept to the minimum, administrative performance is improved, and is capable of working well with the workload of more than one user at a time. The platform provides a feasible foundation of intelligent smart campus infrastructure.

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 Keywords

Student Assistance Platform, Role-Based Access Control, Smart Campus, Academic and Administrative Support, Natural Language Processing, Real-Time Notifications

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This study examines the evolution of psychological resilience in Bernardine Evaristo's Girl, Woman, Other (2019), focusing on the movement from individual survival strategies to models of collective healing. Contemporary trauma narratives increasingly challenge the traditional emphasis on isolated suffering by foregrounding communal processes of recovery. Through qualitative textual analysis and close reading, this research investigates how Evaristo's polyphonic narrative structure enables a reconceptualization of trauma within an intersectional feminist framework. Drawing on trauma theory, intersectionality, feminist psychology, and collective trauma theory, the study demonstrates that resilience in the novel is not merely personal endurance but a socially mediated, relational process. The findings suggest that storytelling, intergenerational memory, and community recognition function as key mechanisms of healing. The paper argues that Girl, Woman, Other represents a significant shift in twenty-first-century trauma fiction by mapping resilience as a continuum from individual coping to collective restoration.

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 Keywords

Psychological Resilience, Collective Healing, Trauma Theory, Intersectionality, Black British Literature, Feminist Trauma Studies

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 Abstract

Nomophobia, which is conceptualized as a form of conditioned anxiety, caused by the inability to access a mobile telecommunication device, has received growing scholarly attention in the modern era of psychosocial paradigm. The increasing ubiquity of smart phones (at least amongst post-secondary cohorts) has led to a significant rise in digital dependence, thereby putting nomophobia in the forefront as an important construct to understand empirically. Objective: The present investigation aimed at determining the epidemiological prevalence of nomophobia among smartphone users enrolled at an selected Nursing College and to critically analyze its possible correlates in a range of sociodemographic variables. Methods: Using a cross-sectional approach, 188 people, aged between 15 and 55 years and having at least one year of antecedent smartphone use, were recruited in the study. Data acquisition was made through a semi-structured interview instrument that included the validated Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP- Q). Statistical analyses were conducted using the statistical package, with version 22.0 of the statistical package (SPSS), in which the associations between variables were estimated using the Chi-squared test. p < 0.05 was used to define the statistical significance. Results: A surprisingly high prevalence of nomophobia was found. Specifically, 47.87% of the study participants showed mild nomophobia, 46.28% had moderate manifestations, and 2.66% had severe symptoms. Statistically significant correlation was observed between nomophobia and educational attainment, occupational status, socioeconomic stratum, familial structure, hours spent daily using smartphone and hours spent on social networking and frequency of use of phone per hour (p<0.05). No significant associations existed for gender and monthly expenditure for mobile services. This study has been undertaken to investigate the determinants of stock returns in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) using two assets pricing models the classical Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory model. To test the CAPM market return is used and macroeconomic variables are used to test the APT. The macroeconomic variables include inflation, oil prices, interest rate and exchange rate. For the very purpose monthly time series data has been arranged from Jan 2010 to Dec 2014. The analytical framework contains.

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 Keywords

Nomophobia, smartphone addiction, digital dependence, mental health, urban population

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The College management System is a software application designed to automate and manage fundamental academic activities of a college efficiently. It replaces manual processes such as maintaining student records, managing courses, assignments, unit tests, result, reports, and student profiles through a centralized digital platform. This system reduces paperwork, save time, minimizes errors, and improves data accuracy and accessibility. Students can securely log in to view their course details, assignments, unit test information, result and profile data from anywhere, helping them track academic progress easily. Teachers have authorized access to manage courses, monitor assignment, upload assignment, generate notices, maintain academic records, and generate performance reports, thereby reducing administrative workload and improving academic efficiency. Role based access ensure data security and confidentiality. The system is scalable and user friendly.

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UT-Unit Test

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The accounts payable process in most manufacturing and service organizations still relies heavily on manual verification of financial documents, which is both time-consuming and prone to errors. Three-way matching, which involves cross-verifying purchase orders (POs), goods receipt notes (GRNs), and invoices before authorizing payment, is a critical control mechanism in procurement workflows. However, the diversity in document formats and the presence of unstructured data make automation of this process a persistent challenge. This paper proposes a system that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate three-way matching for bill payment verification. The proposed approach uses LLMs in combination with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to extract relevant fields from documents in varying formats, including scanned PDFs and images. Once extracted, the data from POs, GRNs, and invoices is systematically compared to identify discrepancies in quantities, pricing, item descriptions, and totals. Bills are then classified as payable or non-payable based on predefined tolerance thresholds. The system also generates real-time dashboards and audit-ready reports for finance teams. By reducing manual intervention, this approach aims to minimize payment errors, speed up invoice processing cycles, and strengthen compliance across the procure-to-pay pipeline. The results demonstrate that LLM-based extraction and matching significantly outperforms traditional rule-based systems in handling diverse and unstructured document formats, making it a scalable solution for enterprise-level accounts payable operations.

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 Keywords

Accounts Payable (AP) Three-Way Matching Procurement Workflow Bill Payment Verification Large Language Models (LLMs) Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Financial Document Automation Invoice Processing Purchase Orders (POs) Goods Receipt Notes (GRNs) Document Data Extraction Unstructured Data Processing Discrepancy Detection Payment Authorization Tolerance Thresholds Audit-Ready Reporting Real-Time Dashboards Procure-to-Pay (P2P) Enterprise Automation Financial Compliance

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The Human Resource Management field has undergone a dramatic shift with the increasing digitalization of business processes and the steady accumulation of data about employees. Contemporary businesses gather a vast amount of information regarding employee presence, hiring processes, compensation packages, skill-building, and performance assessment. While Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS) are effective at managing and storing such information, many current systems are only capable of performing operational tasks and lack the ability to offer in-depth analytical insights. With the increasing reliance of businesses on data-driven models, the need for incorporating Business Intelligence (BI), big data analytics, and visualization tools into HRMS is imperative for making informed and timely decisions. The inclusion of a Business Intelligence engine within the system makes it possible to automatically generate reports, analyze trends, make predictive workforce forecasts, and create intuitive dashboards to assist managers in assessing employee productivity, retention risks, and organizational efficiency. Despite the existence of sophisticated analytical tools, studies and implementations have traditionally considered analytics, visualization, and system infrastructure as distinct modules, rather than elements of an integrated HR system. This survey integrates and reviews the current literature on the evolution of HR analytics, BI adoption models, data visualization usability, and scalable data processing methods. By reviewing their strengths, benefits, and drawbacks, this research work highlights the need for a comprehensive and integrated embedded BI solution specifically designed for the Human Resource Management System (HRMS) environment. This will greatly benefit the accuracy of workforce planning, operational visibility, and human resource management.

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A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON EMBEDDED BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE ENGINE FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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This paper will discuss the way A Thousand Ships by Natalie Haynes reinvigorates the classical epic by rearranging the conventional narrative structure of the epic, into a polyphonic narration that prefaces the voices and experiences of women during the Trojan War. Beyond feminist readings as themes, this paper will state that the formal structuring of the novel, its disjointed narration, multi-voicedness, and lack of a single authoritative voice is a form of feminist narrative resistance. Basing the argument on the idea of polyphony by Bakhtin as well as feminist narratology and the critique of memory, the article indicates that Haynes disrupts the monologic power of the epic tradition and substitutes the heroic linearity with the testimony of women. It is broken down Into two sections: the analysis of the polyphonic structure of the novel as a structural problem of the hierarchy of epics; the analysis of how this narrative plurality can be transformed into an ethical witnessing that builds history with the memory, mournance and survival, instead of glory. By putting women in the limelight rather than as peripheral characters, A Thousand Ships comes out as a counter-epic that disrupts the work of mythmaking by men, and re-negotiates the sense of narrative power. The argument that is eventually presented in the article is that polyphony in the novel is not a stylistic device only but a political and epistemological intervention in the war, history and voice representation.

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 Keywords

Polyphonic Narrative, Trojan War, Male Heroism, Women in War

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The disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate in the late fourteenth century marked a decisive turning point in medieval Indian political history. The weakening of centralized authority, administrative decay, factional struggles among the nobility, agrarian distress, and the catastrophic invasion of Timur in 1398 led to the emergence of powerful regional polities. Among these, the Jaunpur Sultanate (1394-1479) stands out as a significant North Indian state that not only challenged Delhi politically but also developed a distinct administrative structure and cultural identity. This paper examines the structural weaknesses of the Delhi Sultanate, the circumstances under which the Jaunpur Sultanate emerged, its administrative and military organization, its cultural contributions, and its historical significance in reshaping the political landscape of post-Delhi Sultanate India.

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Delhi Sultanate, Shiraz-E-Hind, Decline

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A paradigm change in developmental practice is being brought about by the incorporation of digital tools into rural community work, which is changing not just the effectiveness of service delivery but also the fundamental structure of social relations, power dynamics, and local agency. The deployment and effects of digital technology in the rural areas of Karnataka State, India, are examined sociologically in this article. Beyond a merely technological analysis, it looks at how technologies are changing community engagement, government, and livelihoods, from GIS-based water conservation apps and offline projector-based agriculture teaching to hyper-local civic platforms and fiber-optic internet. This study, which draws on recent case studies and government initiatives from 2024 to early 2026, concludes that although Karnataka is becoming a testing ground for digital experimentation, the effectiveness of these interventions is highly dependent on pre-existing social structures, digital literacy, and communities' capacity to use technology for their own purposes. The essay finds that technology works best as a catalyst that, when integrated into participatory frameworks, may promote resilience, accountability, and a more equitable type of rural development rather than as a substitute for community organization.

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 Keywords

Development, Karnataka, Rural, Work, Digital and Technology.

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The ice cream industry in India has undergone a significant transformation over the past two decades, moving from being viewed as a seasonal luxury product to becoming a widely consumed year-round dessert category. This shift has been driven by changes in lifestyle, income growth, exposure to global food trends, and increased cold-chain infrastructure. While flavor variety, brand familiarity, and pricing continue to influence purchasing decisions, there has been a growing emphasis on health and environmental concerns among consumers. This study examines the extent to which these concerns influence consumer buying behavior, with a particular focus on Devyani Food Industries Ltd. (DFIL) and its flagship ice cream brand Cream Bell. In recent years, consumers have become more aware of the ingredients and nutritional aspects of packaged foods, including frozen desserts. Concerns such as artificial flavors, high sugar levels, preservatives, and saturated fats have gained prominence. Similarly, rising awareness about environmental sustainability has caused consumers to reflect on the ecological impact of dairy production, packaging waste, energy consumption in cold storage, and corporate responsibility practices. These concerns are shaping how consumers evaluate ice cream brands, affecting not only purchasing frequency but also preferences for certain product categories such as low-fat ice creams, sugar-free variants, probiotic frozen yogurts, and vegan or plant-based alternatives. Cream Bell, established in 2003 under DFIL, entered the Indian market with the objective of making premium-quality ice cream accessible to a large section of the population. Over time, the brand has built a strong product portfolio that appeals to diverse demographic segments. It offers classic cones, cups, and tubs along with indulgent novelties, kulfi varieties, and family packs. Its growth strategy relies heavily on innovation, affordability, and an extensive distribution network. However, the emergence of health-conscious consumption patterns poses both challenges and opportunities for the brand. While demand for healthier ice cream options is growing, Cream Bell must compete with established brands like Amul and Mother Dairy, as well as new artisanal and experimental brands that prioritize organic ingredients and minimal processing. This research is important because it explores how consumer priorities are shifting in an industry traditionally associated with indulgence and enjoyment rather than nutrition or environmental responsibility. By analyzing consumer preferences, perception patterns, and purchase motivators, the study provides insights into market behavior that can help companies like Cream Bell adapt their product development, branding messages, and sustainability practices. The research adopts a structured methodology to capture relevant consumer insights. Both primary and secondary data sources are used. Primary data is collected via a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of consumers across different age groups and regions. Secondary data is obtained from academic journals, industry reports, market research publications, and company documents. The study uses descriptive research design to identify patterns and trends without manipulating variables. The data collected is analyzed to highlight how factors such as age, lifestyle, health conditions, media influence, and personal values shape purchasing decisions. Key observations from the study reveal that health awareness does not necessarily discourage ice cream consumption, but it does influence the type of ice cream purchased. Many consumers now look for labels indicating low sugar, reduced calories, real fruit content, or the absence of artificial color and flavor additives. Additionally, younger consumers are more open to trying alternative frozen desserts such as sorbets, gelatos, and plant-based ice creams. Meanwhile, environmental concerns are emerging but are still less influential compared to health-related considerations. Although consumers acknowledge the importance of sustainable packaging and ethical sourcing, price sensitivity and availability continue to override these considerations in actual purchase behavior. For "Cream Bell", the findings signal a need to strengthen health-oriented product lines and communicate ingredient transparency clearly. There is also room for the brand to improve its sustainability practices, especially in packaging and energy-efficient cold chain operations. Creating awareness through marketing campaigns, emphasizing natural ingredients, and launching options for niche segments such as diabetics and lactose-intolerant consumers can provide the brand with a competitive advantage.

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 Keywords

Ice Cream Industry, Lifestyle Changes, Indulgence vs. Nutrition, Health Awareness, Environmental Sustainability, Health-Oriented Variants, Corporate Responsibility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition