Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Objectives: To find the effectiveness of Forced Use Therapy on sensory disorders and hemi neglect on upper extremity in chronic stroke patients. Methods: 30 subjects were assigned following the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups- experimental (Group A) and control group (Group B), each containing of 15 subjects. Before intervention, both the groups were tested for Sensory disorder (by Nottingham Sensory Assessment Scale), Hemi neglect (by Letter Cancellation Test), Arm function (by Action Research Arm Test). Patients in the experimental group performed Forced use therapy by immobilizing the healthy arm with a resting splint or a closed arm sling. Patients were encouraged to wear the splint at home during the 10 days of treatment, whereas the sling was only used during treatment hours. Patients in the control group were treated with Neuro-Developmental Therapy method. All activities were performed bilaterally and when necessary, the affected arm was supported with the unaffected hand. Both the groups were treated for 2 consecutive weeks, 5 days a week and 2 hours a day. After the treatment of 2 weeks, the patients were assessed again with the same outcome measures. Results: The baseline data of the demographic and outcome variables did not show any statistically significant difference between the patient population in the two groups. In the Group A, scores of all the outcome measures improved after the intervention which was statistically significant. Results did not show any statistically significant difference when we compared the difference between the results of group A and group B. Conclusions: So, this study result concluded that there is significant effect of Forced Use Therapy on sensory disorders and hemi neglect on arm functions in chronic stroke patients.

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 Keywords

: Stroke, Forced Use Therapy, Sensation, Unilateral, Hemi Neglect, Upper Extremity Address for correspondence: Preeti Yadav, Physiotherapist, Paras Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal

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The Siddha system is a traditional medical system that provides preventive, curative and rejuvenating healthcare through scientific and holistic approach. Elathi mathirai is one among the medicines indicated for Neerizhivu (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) in Siddha system, which is not yet standardized. The present study aims to establish the safety profile of Elathi mathirai (EM), a polyherbal Siddha formulation. Heavy metal analysis, pesticide residue and aflatoxin assay of the drug EM were assessed. Heavy metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), pesticide residue content using GC/MS and TLC (Thin layer chromatography) estimated aflatoxin assay according to PLIM guidelines. Heavy metal analysis revealed the presence of heavy metals arsenic, cadmium and mercury under the below detection limit as per the guidelines. Pesticide residues of organochlorines, organocarbamates, pyrethroids and aflatoxins are absent in the drug EM. These results contribute to establishing the nature of the formulation's composition and its safety profile for therapeutic use.

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Keywords: Siddha system, Elathi mathirai, Aflatoxins, Heavy metal analysis, PLIM

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Education is the backbone of the social and economic development of the nation. Spread of literacy is generally associated with important traits of modern civilization such as modernization, urbanisation, industrialisation, communication and commerce. Education system helps us to obtain and develop logical thinking to make independent decisions. Education is the gateway to economic security and opportunity particularly for women in India and Assam as well. Women are part of socio-economic system and they up hold rich cultural and traditional values. Educated women not only tend to promote education of their girl children, but also can provide better guidance to all their children. Despite governmental programmes, India's literacy rate increased only 77 Percent. The literacy rate of women is much low compared to the male members which is a matter of concern in contemporary times.

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Education, Literacy rate, Assam, India, Women

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Industry 4.0 combines digital technologies, data-driven decision-making, and process automation to transform industry. This article discusses Industry 4.0 difficulties and forecasts Industry 5.0, where human-machine collaboration and sustainability are key. Industry 4.0 problems include data overload, cybersecurity, skill shortages, and integration. Privacy, regulatory compliance, and environmental consequences are major problems. To address these issues, education and training, strong cybersecurity, well-defined strategies, teamwork, and sustainability are essential. As we move from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, lessons acquired will enable human-machine collaboration and sustainability to drive innovation and advancement. This study paper tackles Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 concerns.

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Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, Industrial Revolution, Sustainability

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Chinua Achebe's magnum opus Things Fall Apart is renowned for its authentic account of African people and their Igbo culture. This acclaimed novel deals with strong patriarchal ideals of masculinity within the Igbo culture. The present study will focus on the varying interpretation of masculinity within the Igbo culture. The protagonist of the novel, Okonkwo, turns to be the major focus of study who tries to maintain all the traits of masculinity with his physical power, wealth, authority and violence. Masculine traits are glorified throughout the novel while the feminine traits are vilified as docile, foolish and weak in the novel. Thus, this paper depicts how masculinity varies throughout the novel in Umuofia and Igbo culture.

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Masculinity, Femininity, Igbo Culture, Tradition, Patriarchy.

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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were clinically introduced more than 25 years ago and have since proven to be invaluable, safe, and effective agents for the management of a variety of acid-related disorders. Although all members in this class act in a similar fashion, inhibiting active parietal cell acid secretion, there are slight differences among PPIs relating to their pharmacokinetic properties, metabolism, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical indications. Nevertheless, each is effective in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease and uncomplicated or complicated peptic ulcer disease. Despite their overall efficacy, PPIs do have some limitations related to their short plasma half-lives and requirement for meal-associated dosing, which can lead to breakthrough symptoms in some individuals, especially at night. Longer acting PPIs and technology to prolong conventional PPI activity have been developed to specifically address these limitations and may improve clinical outcomes.

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Adverse effect, Allergic disease, Gastric acid, Gastroesophageal reflux, Ulcer.

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Exploitation and mistreatment of children, which encompass non-physical harm but are equally detrimental, must be incorporated into the definition of child abuse. Burgess (1979:143) offers a broader perspective on child abuse, defining it as any child experiencing non-accidental physical and mental harm due to actions or negligence by parents, guardians, or employers.

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Child Abuse

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This survey article seeks to present a thorough overview of IoT-based smart home systems by examining the technology, applications, and difficulties related to this developing industry. The study provides a thorough analysis of the literature that has already been published while emphasising significant developments and market trends in IoT-based smart home systems. It explores the underlying technologies that provide seamless connections and clever interactions in smart homes, including sensor networks, cloud computing, and data analytics. In addition, it discusses outstanding research questions and significant obstacles in the areas of privacy, security, interoperability, scalability, and user acceptability, illuminating possible future possibilities in smart homes. Technology for smart homes is quickly becoming an intriguing new paradigm. This article covers a wide range of topics, such as security, energy conservation, ventilation, and smart kitchens. Smart gadgets like remote controls, security alarms, sensors, etc. are used to carry out all of the aforementioned tasks. In this article, we outline the tools and technologies that may be included in smart home security and energy systems.

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Smart Home, Internet of Things (IoT), Home Appliances, Wireless Sensors, Lifestyle Automation

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The purpose of this paper is to identify the research gaps and fulfill the voids of the Eastcentral Rajmahal Highlands in Jharkhand, India. The research aims to understand what type of research work has actually been done previously about the geology, terrain, terrain classification, terrain evaluation, agriculture landuse, and landuse planning and try to develop research framework. The study area has not yet been assessed in terms of terrain capability and agricultural landuse purpose. The entire literature survey and review has been attempted on all the main parts of the topic. Many authors, experts and researchers are eager to explain the findings of their studies either at district, state or national level, no attempt has previously been made to go for terrain evaluation for agricultural landuse and planning of the study area.

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Eastcentral, Terrain, Literature Survey, Review, Agricultural Landuse

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Basic life support is a type of medical care used on someone with a life-threatening injury or condition until full medical care can be given. Basic life support is provided in even respiratory failure. So, it is resuscitation in event of cardiac and respiratory arrest. An emergency responder or someone trained in BLS can provide this critical care. Basic life support consists of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and, when available, defibrillation using automated external defibrillators (AED). Basic Life Support training is gaining more importance in nursing education. The Basic Life Support is an essential skill taught to the nursing students. Conceptual model for the present study was based on general system theory by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1968). General system theory by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1968) says about human system, subsystem, input, thru put, and output in terms of feedback. Pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test research design was utilized to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding basic cardiac life support among B.Ed. students of Fatma B.Ed. College, Chandwe, Ranchi where subjects were selected by purposive sampling. Pilot study was conducted in the month of March 24-04-23 to 29-04-23 at Uday Memorial College. The reliability of the tool was calculated using Karl Pearson methods. The tool was found to be reliable (r=0.9) for data collection. The data was collected after taking formal approval from principal of Uday Memorial College. Purpose of the study was explained to the group and confidentiality was assured. Pre-test was given on day one to the group planned teaching programme administered. Post test was conducted on other day. The result of the study indicates that there is a significant difference between knowledge scores among B.Ed. students the "t" test value obtained from pretest knowledge score (mean 16.5, SD 5.07), and post-test knowledge score (mean 26.9 SD 7.28), "t" table value at degree of freedom 39 is 2.02 at 0.05 value, which is greater than t table value and which is highly significant (p<0.01). The study reveals in posttest knowledge score the calculated value of chi square for Chi-score for any family member belongs to medical profession (8.8) and previous knowledge (8.83) were significant. The findings have implications for nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing education and nursing research.The findings of the study suggests that both overall and area wise analysis B.Ed. students gained knowledge about basic cardiac life support.

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 Keywords

Basic life support, knowledge, B.Ed. Student, effectiveness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition