Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Keeping in view; the discharge of industrial wastes of some industry containing cadmium compounds, entry of these chemicals into water bodies of the locality along with the irrigated waters or run-off waters in the rainy season; availability of cadmium in the air and consequent precipitation and entry of rain run-off water into water bodies and crop fields and their possible effect on the inhabiting organisms in the crop fields, this project was masterminded to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of Cadmium metal in the form of Cadmium chloride on the toxicity, effect on the physiological & biochemical parameters on a blue-green alga inhabiting crop fields and acting as a bio-fertilizer fixing atmospheric nitrogen and increasing the fertility of the crop field soil. It was observed that at very low concentrations the toxicant is deadly toxic and affects the BGA. The changes in DNA content in the exposed alga was significant when compared to control set. In conc. X, a maximum of 3% increase in DNA content over the control value was recorded on 15th day of exposure and 4.4% increase on 15th day of recovery. In conc.Y, a maximum of 38.6% decrease over the control value was recorded on 15th day of exposure and 47.2% decrease on 15th day of recovery. In conc. Z, the DNA content steadily declined showing a negative correlation. A maximum of 95.5% decrease was recorded on 15th day of exposure. In conc. Z, maximum depletion in DNA amount was noted during recovery period indicating permanent damage caused to the system. In conc-X, the recorded RNA amount was more than the control value at all exposure and recovery periods. In concentration Y, the RNA content increased with the increase in exposure period. The RNA content also increased with the increase in recovery period. When compared to respective control values, the RNA quantity was less and significant. The exposed alga was transferred to toxicant free medium, no recovery was marked rather the RNA amount further depleted showing death of algal cells. The protein content significantly decreased in the exposed alga when compared to control alga. When the exposed alga was transferred to toxicant free medium, no recovery was marked rather the protein amount was at not detectable level. When the exposed algae were transferred to toxicant free medium, significant recovery was recorded in conc. X, partial recovery was marked in concentration Y and no recovery was noted in Conc. Z. In concentration X, a maximum of 38.9% decrease over the control value was recorded on 15th day of exposure and 35.4% increase on 15th day of recovery. In concentration Y, a maximum of 59.7% decrease over the control value was recorded on 15th day of exposure and 63.6% decrease on 15th day of recovery. In conc. Z, the protein content steadily declined showing a negative correlation. A maximum of 100% decrease was recorded on 15th day of exposure and 100% decrease was recorded on 15th day of recovery. Partial recovery by 3.5% was recorded in conc. X, after 15 days of recovery, when the exposed alga was transferred to toxicant free nutrient medium. In case of conc. Y, recovery was not marked rather further depletion was seen. In conc. Z, maximum depletion in protein amount was noted during recovery period indicating permanent damage caused to the system. The FAA content followed the same trend like protein content change and RNA content change.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cadmium chloride, Toxicity, DNA, RNA, Protein, FAA, BGA,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The issue of child sex trafficking has drawn attention and debate from throughout the globe in recent years. Pornography, child sex tourism, prostitution, and other commercial sexual exploitation are examples of the many kinds of child sex trafficking. Given their vulnerability and the lasting effects these experiences have on their development, children who become victims of various types of sexual exploitation are especially concerning. This article offers a thorough analysis of the state of knowledge regarding child sex trafficking by looking at definitions, problem estimates, child risk factors and outcomes, as well as strategies for protection, prosecution, recovery and reintegration promotion, and collaboration and cooperation-fostering partnerships.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Commercial sexual exploitation, child sex trafficking, prostitution, and child exploitation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge is one of the most common presenting symptoms at gynecological clinics. Majority of women bear the problems silently without seeking advice and treatment. Vaginal Discharge has substantial impact on female reproductive ability, mental health, and ability to work and to perform routine physical activities. Improper or delayed management results in greater morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, initiating appropriate treatment of vaginal infections is necessary because many women who experience vaginal discharge mistreat their condition by taking over-the-counter medication. Taking necessary precautions are essential in protecting and improving women's health. In comparison to the therapeutic procedure of different systems of medicine, Ayurveda has a potent approach towards the treatment by both internal and external medication. With this background, an effort is made to evaluate the effect of Aragwadhadi Yonivarti in Abnormal Vaginal Discharge. Ayurvedic varti preparations can be considered as a modified vaginal suppository.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A CASE STUDY IN ABNORMAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE WITH ARAGWADHAD YONIVARTI

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is an ecologically oriented land with a wide variety of plant species, used by human civilization for food, medicine and other benefits. Over time, communities have developed considerable traditional knowledge and practices in relation to their way of life and their particular rural environment. These practices are recognized as intangible cultural heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). With the inclusion of the 2003 Convention, museums and other associated organizations have identified the needs of intangible cultural heritage in the development of underdeveloped and developing nations. Indigenous communities from different regions are rich in traditional knowledge systems concerning nature and the universe. One of them is the Tibetan community in the Trans-Himalayan regions that have developed their own health system based on the natural resources available to them. This system is known as Sowa-Rigpa which shares significant similarity in both theory and practice with an Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is based on the theory of Jung-Wa-Ina (panchamahaabhoot/ five elements of the body) and Nespa-sum (Tridosha) and Luszung-dun (Saptadhatu). High-altitude areas and harsh climate have brought the community to shape their unique art, culture and traditions. This paper will address the plant and mineral species used as medicines in Sowa-Rigpa practice to cure some of the diseases that occur due to imbalance of five elements of the body. It will discuss how important it is to protect these species and maintain these practices. In spite of the development of the modern medical system, traditional knowledge is strongly supported and fostered by people. Such practices ensure sustainability and for this reason it is always necessary to preserve and promote the local knowledge system. In addition, this study will determine the means to preserve and safeguard the traditional healing system of Sowa-Rigpa.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Communities, Traditional, Environment, Intangible, Tibetan, Indigenous, Sowa-Rigpa, Preservation, Sustainability.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study was conducted with objective to assess the effectiveness of non-nutritive sucking on the level of pain perception during invasive procedure in preterm infants. To compare the level of pain perception during invasive procedure among preterm infants in control and experimental group, and to find out the association between the level of pain perception and selected demographic variables. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. A quantitative research approach was used for the study through non probability sampling technique that was adopted by consecutive sampling technique. The non-probability sampling technique used for selecting 60 sample. A standardized PIPPS was used to assess the level of pain. The tool consisted two section: - Section(A) - Demographic variable Performa (Age, Gender, Gestational age, Birth weight, Birth order, Type of feeding, Last feed given, Medical illness of preterm infant, Nature of birth, Congenital abnormality, Previous history of surgery, Exposure to invasive procedure). Section (B) - Premature pain profile scale. Unpaired 't' test analysis was used to check effectiveness of non-nutritive sucking on the level of pain perception. the total mean and mean score in control and experimental group was 13.33 (78.41%) and 8.4 (70%) respectively. The standard deviation of control group was 2.27 and experimental group was 1.78. in criteria wise control group level of pain perception 0 (0%) sample were in mild pain, 12 (40%) were moderate pain and 18(3.33%) in severe pain. Experimental group level of pain perception majority 4(13.20%) were in mild pain, 26 (85.80%) were in moderate pain and 0(0%) sample were in severe pain. The highly significant difference between control group level of pain perception as calculated unpaired 't' value 9.79(df=58) was gathered than table value at 0.05 level of significance. Chi square analysis used for association between the level of pain perception and selected demographic variables. Their was association found between the age of the pre-term infant the calculated value 41.9 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, gender of the preterm infant the calculated value 27.06 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, weight at the time of birth of preterm infant the calculated value 38.1 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, subcategory of preterm infants the calculated value 34.3 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, nature of birth the calculated value 27.9 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, exposure to invasive procedure of preterm infants the calculated value 18.88 was more than the table value of chi square (5.99) at 0.05 level of significance. The highly significant difference between experimental group level of pain perception as calculated unpaired 't' value 9.79(df=58) was gathered than table value at 0.05 level of significance. There was association found between the age of the pre- term infant the calculated value 27.1 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, gender of the preterm infant the calculated value 27.06 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, weight at the time of birth of preterm infant the calculated value 26.3 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at level of significance, subcategory of preterm infants the calculated value 22.08 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, last feed given the calculated value 38.4 was more than the table value of chi square (5.99) at 0.05 level of significance, nature of birth the calculated value 44.58 was more than the table value of chi square (9.49) at 0.05 level of significance, exposure to invasive procedure of preterm infants the calculated value 30.33 was more than the table value of chi square (5.99) at 0.05 level of significance. There was association found between the selected demographic variables calculated the effectiveness of non-nutritive sucking on the level of pain perception was analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, mean difference, mean percentage, standard deviation, unpaired 't' test, chi square test was used to determine the association between the social demographic variable and level of pain perception. The finding of the study was discussed with the help of supportive study.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

knowledge, B.Ed. Student, effectiveness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

knowledge, effectiveness

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) has gained significant interest in education due to its immersive and interactive capabilities. However, the design and implementation of VR-supported learning are often based on technical perspectives, lacking well-defined learning theories and custom-designed models. To provide learners with a natural interaction experience and rationally support learning using VR technologies, a learning model considering both pedagogy and technical affordance is proposed. This model is used to design and implement an educational application of computer assembly with two sessions: the learning session and the game session. The VR device offers visual feedback and provides a profound immersive experience for learners. The learning session helps students construct knowledge and explore virtual situations using controllers. The interactive game fosters computer assembly learning. An evaluation with 32 college students was conducted, analyzing users' learning behaviors and performance. Results showed that VR learning of computer assembly provided a good usability and learning experience, with no difference in performance between reality and VR learners. Challenge and task completion time showed a significant positive correlation. Virtual reality plays a crucial role in the evolution of education, as it allows users to interact in real-time in a tridimensional space generated by a computer using their feelings. Education can be seen as a discovery, exploration, and observation process, and the specific characteristics of VR can transform it into a powerful tool for education evolution. With VR acting in education, we can discover, explore, and build knowledge about places and places.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Virtual reality, Stem Education, Immersive field trips, Virtual Surgery, Language Learning, simulation, Head-Mounted Displays (HMD), Education and Training, Psychotherapy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Highway traffic accidents are the leading cause of deaths in the world as well as India. Though human factors are the largest responsible factor, the vehicles factor cannot be taken lightly. Proper vehicle ergonomics is essential so as to facilitate the proper and timely interaction between the driver and the vehicle. It will certainly improve the safety of the driver,the occupants and the other road users.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1815

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fruits are delicious food having lots of nutrients. Most of the fruits become edible after ripening. Appearance, colour, flavour, texture, pulp to peel ratio is changed during ripening. For commercial reasons artificial ripening is employed rather than depending on natural ripening process in plants. Not only the flavour, texture, nutritional value of artificially ripened fruits is inferior than naturally ripened fruits but also the former have harmful effects on human health if consumed. There are many artificial ripening agents which are used widely as ethylene, acetylene, calcium carbide, ethephon, smoke etc. The toxic effects of artificially ripening agents may be minimised by washing the fruits with water and peeling them before consumption. A lot of experiments have been carried out by scientists on banana, mango, apple, wood apple, orange, tomato, pineapple, grapes, lime, tangerine, lemon etc. Artificially ripened fruits are harmful for humans, as most of them cause diseases of heart, lungs, skin and kidneys.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial fruit ripening, calcium carbide, ethephon, ethylene, toxicity from fruits.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper a Pythagorean Fuzzy star generalized ?-closed sets and a Pythagorean Fuzzy star generalized ?-open sets are introduced. Some of its properties are also analyzed. Also we have provided some applications of Pythagorean Fuzzy star generalized ?-closed sets namely Pythagorean Fuzzy ?(_?^)T?_(1/2 ) space and Pythagorean Fuzzy ?(_*g?^)T?_(1/2 ) space.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pythagorean Fuzzy topology, Pythagorean Fuzzy star generalized alpha closed sets, Pythagorean Fuzzy star generalized alpha open sets, Pythagorean Fuzzy ?(_?^)T?_(1/2 ) space and Pythagorean Fuzzy ?(_*g?^)T?_(1/2 ) space.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition