Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The dark web has emerged as one of the most complex frontiers in global cybercrime, presenting unprecedented challenges for law enforcement agencies and legal systems worldwide. India, with over 750 million internet users and a rapidly digitizing economy, faces a particularly acute vulnerability to dark web-related crimes. This comprehensive research document explores the multifaceted nature of dark web crimes in the Indian context, examining how criminals exploit anonymization technologies, cryptocurrency systems, and jurisdictional gaps to perpetrate offenses ranging from drug trafficking and human trafficking to ransomware attacks and cybercriminal activities. The research reveals that cybercrime cases registered in India have grown exponentially, increasing from 11,608 cases in 2020 to over 40,000 projected cases in 2025. The financial impact is staggering, with losses exceeding Rs 22,845 crore in 2024 alone, representing a 206% jump from the previous year. These figures underscore the urgency of understanding both the technical nature of dark web operations and the legal, institutional, and international cooperation challenges that India must overcome. This document provides an in-depth analysis of dark web architectures, crime categories, real-world case studies, India's existing legal framework, law enforcement responses, digital forensic capabilities, and forward-looking policy recommendations. Written in accessible, human-centered language and grounded in 55+ peer-reviewed sources, government reports, and investigative journalism, this work is designed for policymakers, law enforcement professionals, legal scholars, and anyone seeking to understand this critical intersection of technology, crime, and justice in contemporary India.

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 Keywords

Key words : Dark Web crimes India, Darknet cybercrime challenges, Black Web illegal activities, Dark Internet law enforcement India, Tor network criminality India, Anonymity encryption cyber threats, Drug trafficking dark web India, Human trafficking darknet India, IT Act 2000 dark web gaps, Indian Evidence Act cyber evidence, Cyber forensics limitations India, International cooperation dark web, POTA IPC darknet offenses

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This study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge about preterm delivery among pregnant women and to determine its association with selected demographic and clinical variables. The research was carried out in the antenatal outpatient department of the Institute of Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Kozhikode, Kerala. The conceptual basis of the study was the revised Health Promotion Model (2006) by Nola J. Pender, which emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their environment in promoting health. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and 350 pregnant women were selected using a consecutive sampling method. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview schedule designed to assess knowledge regarding preterm delivery. The findings revealed that 32.6% of participants had poor knowledge, 47.1% demonstrated average knowledge, and only 20.3% possessed good knowledge about preterm delivery. The knowledge scores ranged from 13 to 101, with a mean score of 49.94 and a standard deviation of 21.135. Statistical analysis showed a significant association (p < 0.05) between knowledge level and variables such as age, education, occupation, husband's occupation, and history of preterm delivery. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected.

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 Keywords

Preterm delivery; Pregnant women; Maternal knowledge; Antenatal care; Birth complications; Neonatal morbidity; Preterm birth awareness; Risk factors; Maternal education; Neonatal outcomes

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Background: The styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone is a slender osseous projection derived from the second pharyngeal arch. Although its normal length is approximately 2.5 cm, variations in its length and morphology are frequently encountered. Elongation of the styloid process, either due to true bony overgrowth or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, can produce significant clinical manifestations known as Eagle's syndrome. Cadaveric documentation of such variations is essential for understanding their anatomical and clinical relevance. Materials and methods: During routine head and neck dissection of a 70-year-old cadaver in the Department of Rachana Shareera, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, bilateral elongation of the styloid process was observed. The styloid processes were carefully dissected, cleaned, and measured using standard anatomical instruments. Morphological features and ligamentous attachments were also examined. Results: Bilateral elongation of the styloid process was observed with marked asymmetry. The right styloid process measured 4.7 cm and showed complete bony elongation with the stylohyoid ligament attached to its tip. The left side demonstrated a normal bony styloid process of 2.5 cm with an additional 3.3 cm of calcified stylohyoid ligament, giving a total length of 5.8 cm. This represents a mixed type of elongation with ligamentous ossification. Conclusion: The present cadaveric finding demonstrates a rare bilateral but asymmetric elongation of the styloid process involving both bony overgrowth and ligamentous calcification. Such variations have important clinical implications, particularly in the diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome and vascular compression syndromes. Awareness of these anatomical deviations is essential for clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons involved in the management of cervicofacial pain and dysphagia.

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Styloid process, Eagle's syndrome, Ligamentous calcification

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Crop Yield Prediction, Machine Learning, Soil Parameters, Environmental Factors, Sustainability Index, Consensus Feature Importance.

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OCCUPATIONAL STRESS, BURNOUT AND JOB SATISFACTION

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Caregiving is an essential yet undervalued labour, disproportionately shouldered on women across the globe. In India, female caregivers in familial, community or institutional contexts, bear the overwhelming burden of unpaid or underpaid care work, often under conditions of chronic stress, economic insecurity and social invisibility. While public discourse on gender equality has grown in recent years, the abuse, discrimination and exploitation faced by female caregivers remains a severely under-researched area. This paper addresses this critical gap by examining the multidimensional challenges faced by women in caregiving roles, focusing on the human rights violations they endure, and outlining policy measures to safeguard their safety, dignity and wellbeing. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze how systemic neglect in policy frameworks perpetuate gender-based inequality in caregiving labour, and to propose actionable, rights-based policy interventions. In doing so, it emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive legislation, social protection mechanisms and mental health support tailored to female caregivers. This paper also explores the intersection of caregiving, revealing how marginalized women are at greater risk of physical abuse, emotional neglect and economic deprivation in caregiving contexts. The study is anchored in feminist theoretical framework, which examines the gendered division of labour, and sociological theories to understand how the meanings attached to caregiving roles shapes women's identities and perpetuates power imbalances. Using a mixed method approach based on secondary sources, the research evaluates qualitative accounts from case studies in existing literature to explore the lived realities of female caregivers. By bridging empirical evidence with theoretical insights, the paper calls for a shift from welfare-based to rights-based policy frameworks, positioning caregiving as a matter of social justice, gender equality and human rights.

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Female caregivers, caregiving abuse, human rights, gendered expectations, SDG Goals, India.

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Purpose: This study examines the relationship between supply chain integration and organizational performance in manufacturing firms. Design/Methodology: Primary data from 120 respondents were analyzed using correlation and regression techniques. Findings: Supply chain integration significantly improves performance (? = 0.68, p < 0.01), with internal integration exerting the strongest effect. Practical Implications: Firms should strengthen internal coordination before pursuing external collaboration. Originality: Provides empirical evidence from district-level manufacturing clusters.

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Keywords: Supply Chain Integration, Organizational Performance, Manufacturing Firms, Internal Integration, Regression Analysis

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This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Dance Motion Analytics (AI-DMA) in enhancing advertising effectiveness within the Kannada film industry. Integrating skeleton-based motion extraction techniques with advertising performance constructs, the research proposes and empirically validates a predictive framework linking choreographic motion features with audience engagement outcomes. Using a dataset of 312 promotional dance clips and 428 audience survey responses, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test hypothesized relationships. Findings reveal that rhythmic alignment, joint velocity magnitude, expressive amplitude variance, and spatiotemporal coherence significantly influence attention retention, emotional engagement, brand recall, and behavioral intention. The study contributes to interdisciplinary scholarship by bridging computer vision analytics and marketing effectiveness theory, offering both theoretical advancement and practical implications for data-driven film promotion.

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Artificial Intelligence, Dance Motion Analytics, Advertising Effectiveness, Structural Equation Modeling, Digital Film Promotion

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education, offering both significant opportunities and critical challenges. In India, its relevance is heightened by large student populations, linguistic diversity, unequal technological access, and the reform agenda outlined in the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP-2020). This study critically examines whether AI functions as a boon or a bane in school education by integrating policy analysis, qualitative literature review, and empirical investigation. A mixed-method approach was adopted involving 169 students of Classes VIII-IX and 28 teachers. A Geography chapter was delivered through traditional instruction and subsequently reinforced using AI-supported tools such as chatbots and interactive quizzes. Pre- and post-tests, perception scales, and teacher surveys assessed learning outcomes, confidence, and attitudes. Findings indicate improved student engagement and confidence following AI integration, with a strong preference for a blended model combining teacher guidance and AI support. While AI enhanced personalization and assessment efficiency, concerns emerged regarding digital divide, data privacy, ethical risks, and over-dependence. The study concludes that AI is most effective when implemented within a teacher-centered, ethically regulated, and equity-focused framework aligned with NEP-2020's vision of inclusive and quality education.

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Artificial Intelligence in Education, NEP-2020, Blended Learning, Learning Outcomes, Teacher Perception, AI Ethics, Indian Education System.

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ABSTRACT: Agro-homeopathy is the expanding field of research that applies homeopathic principles to agriculture. It has demonstrated positive effects on plant growth and disease management in various instances. Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of homeopathic remedies in treating diseases of garden plants. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted on garden plants, specifically betel nut (Areca catechu) and papaya (Carica papaya). Conclusion: The findings suggest that agro-homeopathy could be a viable and promising alternative for managing plant diseases, ultimately supporting the improved growth of garden plants.

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Keywords: Agro-homeopathy, agriculture, garden plants, homeopathic remedies, plant diseases.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition