Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Health can be described as the capacity to adjust and handle physical, mental, and social challenges throughout one's life.Ayurveda, an ancient science of life, encompasses a wealth of knowledge aimed at promoting health, preserving well-being, restoring health when it is compromised, and alleviating suffering and distress by balancing Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala within the body. Ayurveda places significant emphasis on Kala, as existence and destruction are contingent upon it. Therefore, the concept of Kriyakala is regarded as critically important in achieving the objectives of Ayurveda, which pertains to the identification of the stages in the progression of a disease.The term Kriyakala is a combination of two words Kriya, which refers to treatments such as medicine, nutrition, and lifestyle habits that aid in correcting dosha imbalances, and Kala, which indicates the stage of a disease. Acharya Sushruta described six stages that illustrate the development of a disease within the body. This framework provides guidance on the optimal timing for intervention with treatment. Early detection of diseases allows for more effective treatment with reduced discomfort. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the significant utility of Shat Kriyakala in understanding disease progression and potential severity. This concept is rooted in ancient texts. Kriyakala serves as a guidebook, offering insights into diagnosis (identifying the issue), prognosis (projecting the disease's trajectory), and the timing of intervention. This knowledge aids in preventing a disease from establishing a strong presence in the body. A thorough understanding of Kriyakala enables us to recognize the appropriate moments to intervene and prevent diseases from worsening.

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Dosha,Dhatu,Mala,Kriyakal,Kala

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 Abstract

Problem of children with special needs in inclusive education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Problem of children with special needs in inclusive education

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Millets are a group of small-grained Cereals. They have been a part of the Indian food basket for hundreds of years. They are deeply ingrained in our food systems culture and traditions. Millets are recognized as climate-resilient and nutritionally rich cereals. However Post harvest handling, storage practices and open market conditions affects these grains to fungal contamination. The present study aims to explore the diversity and prevalence of fungal contamination in selected millets sold in open retail Outlets. Three millets viz; Bajra, kodo and ragi sold in the market of Bilaspur were studied for the presence of fungal flora within them. Collected samples were grown on the Potato dextrose agar medium and the fungal isolates grown over culture plates were purified by the method of single colony isolation. The fungi growing on the three millets were identified on the basis of their colony characteristics, morphological features and asexual reproductive characteristics. The result were identified as diversity of fungal species, predominantly belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Mucor, Rhizopus, Phoma and Trichoderma. The study highlights diversity of fungal flora in open market of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. It provides the need of regular monitoring, improve Post-harvest handling and Storage practices to control the Safety and quality of millet grains in markets. Besides the outcomes point out the essential role of mycological assessment with food safety regulations to reduce mycotoxin Contamination and protect public health while advancing millets as Sustainable and nutrient-rich crops.

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 Keywords

Millets, Fungal contamination, Fungal flora, Post harvest handling, Mycological assessment, Public health.

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 Abstract

A liquid dielectric coolant should have good electrical, chemical, physical and thermal properties. In order to characterize the liquid insulation, the electrical properties like Breakdown voltage, Dissipation factor, Relative Permittivity, Resistivity and Partial Discharge activity are to be measured. In this paper investigation on electrical properties and Partial discharge Characteristics of mineral oil and eco-friendly Rice bran and Sesame oil are discussed. Experimental results shown that the Rice bran and Sesame oil have potential to be used as insulating oil in transformers.

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 Keywords

Partial Discharge, Breakdown voltage, Dissipation factor, PD inception voltage.

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Academic stress has become a major concern among undergraduate students due to increasing academic demands, competitive environments, and performance expectations. The present study aims to examine the relationship between academic stress and academic performance among undergraduate students. Primary data were collected from 61 undergraduate students through a structured questionnaire using Google Forms. The study examines key academic stressors such as examinations, heavy syllabus, lack of revision time, academic workload, and fear of poor academic performance, along with their impact on motivation, concentration, mental health, and academic outcomes. The findings reveal that academic stress is highly prevalent among students and has a significant negative effect on their academic performance and psychological well-being. The study also highlights various measures suggested by students to reduce academic stress, including syllabus reduction, practical learning, supportive teaching, counseling services, and stress-management techniques. The research concludes that effective academic planning and mental health support are essential for improving students' academic performance and overall well-being.

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Academic Stress, Academic Performance, Undergraduate Students, Mental Health, Stress Management

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Arunachal Pradesh is home to diverse indigenous communities, among which the Idu Mishmi tribe of Dibang Valley and Lower Dibang Valley celebrates the Reh festival as its most significant socio-religious event. This ethnographic study examines the Reh festival through oral consultations with community elders and key informants. The research explores its origin and various stages in the celebration, its cultural and spiritual importance, preparatory offerings, priest-led chants and dances, community feasts. The Igu (shaman/priest) emerges as the central figure, guiding invocations, performing divinations, and ensuring ritual purity throughout the multi-day celebration. Findings highlight how Reh faces various contemporary challenges, increasing animal sacrifice, economic burdens of hosting, and potential dilution of traditional practices due to modernisation and less number of people taking up the profession of igu. This work underscores the need to document and support such intangible cultural heritage for preservation

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Idu Mishmi, Reh, Igu, Aa-gite, Aa-meta

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Solid state kinetics, thermo gravimetric analysis, Schiff base.

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The integration of technology into physical education has transformed from a novel experiment into a significant pedagogical movement, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance student engagement, learning outcomes and long-term physical activity adherence. This article provides a comprehensive examination of how fitness trackers, mobile applications and smart training systems are reshaping physical education across educational levels. Drawing upon contemporary international research, the analysis explores the multifaceted dimensions of technology-enhanced physical education, including wearable devices, gamification strategies, artificial intelligence applications, virtual and augmented reality and data-driven instructional platforms. Key themes examined include the impact of technology on student motivation and engagement, the role of real-time feedback in skill development, the challenges of digital inequality and teacher preparation and the ethical considerations surrounding student data collection and privacy. The synthesis of research reveals that while technology offers substantial benefits for personalizing instruction and fostering self-regulated learning, successful implementation depends critically on adequate teacher training, equitable access to resources and thoughtful integration with established pedagogical approaches. The article concludes with recommendations for teacher education programs, school administrators and policymakers to harness technology's potential while addressing persistent barriers to effective implementation.

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 Keywords

Technology-enhanced physical education, wearable fitness trackers, mobile applications, smart training systems, gamification, artificial intelligence in education, digital pedagogy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solid state kineties, thermo gravimetric analysis, Schiff base.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inclusive education has become an important way to ensure that all learners, including students with hearing impairment, receive fair and meaningful educational opportunities. In inclusive classrooms, teachers are at the heart of the learning process, as they are responsible for responding to diverse needs and helping every student feel valued and involved. However, successful inclusion depends greatly on how well teachers are prepared. This preparation includes their understanding of hearing impairment, positive attitudes toward inclusion, practical teaching skills, and the ability to use suitable instructional strategies. Students with hearing impairment often experience difficulties in communication, language development, and social interaction, which makes thoughtful teaching adaptations and assistive support essential. This study examines teacher preparedness for inclusive classrooms that include students with hearing impairment in today's educational setting. It emphasizes the role of pre-service and in-service training, awareness of inclusive education policies, and the effective use of assistive technologies and ICT. Strengthening teacher preparedness can help create supportive classrooms that encourage learning, participation, and overall development of students with hearing impairment in mainstream schools.

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 Keywords

Inclusive Education; Hearing Impairment; Teacher Preparedness; Assistive Technology; Inclusive Classrooms etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition