Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Abstract: The present studies focused mainly on the comparative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity in the typical form of the Vitex negundo var. negundo (VN1) and its intraspecific variant Kali Nirgundi or Nalla vavili (VN2). In the traditional systems of medicines as well as in the local/folk medicine the kali Nirgundi is extensively used rather than the typical form of the species for its effective functioning as an antimicrobial and antirheumatic/anti-inflammatory. To find out the variations in the phytochemical components and their activity in the both typical form and variant the studies were carried out to strengthen the local knowledge and by providing scientific evidence. The powdered leaf materials of both were extracted by using Aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and pet-ether extracts the following chemical compounds were reported Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Glycosides, Flavonoids in VN1 & VN2. The only glycosides and flavonoids showing are absent in the aqueous and chloroform extracts in the VN1 differing with VN2. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by disk-diffusion method by using four different microorganisms with the nutrient agar medium. The high inhibitory activity was observed in the VN2 against all isolates in all extracts. This may be the presence of chemical compounds glycosides and flavonoids in the VN2. The Molecular docking studies were also applied to support the qualitative and quantitative variations in the presence of phytochemicals within the species due to change of geographic regions and environmental changes.

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Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Comparative phytochemical analysis, Intraspecific variant, Molecular docking studies.

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Mandibular fractures represent a prevalent form of facial skeletal injury, often resulting in compromised occlusion and functional deformities. The primary objective of treatment involves restoring proper occlusal alignment and function while promoting direct bone healing through precise reduction and immobilization of the fracture site. Herein, we present the case of a 30-year-old male patient who sustained a mandibular parasymphysis fracture following an assault. Our treatment approach involved local anesthesia administration, followed by intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) utilizing stainless steel plates. This method facilitated effective restoration of occlusal integrity and functional stability, thereby addressing the sequelae of the mandibular fracture.

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 Keywords

Mandibular fractures, parasymphysis fracture, assault, local anesthesia, intermaxillary fixation (IMF), open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), stainless steel plates, occlusion, functional deformity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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For thousands of years, silk--known as the "Queen of Textiles"--has been an integral element of Indian culture and customs. The cultivation and production of silk through the rearing of silkworms, not only plays a crucial role in promoting regional economic development, but also holds immense potential for empowering women. By providing employment opportunities in the sericulture industry, women can gain financial independence and contribute to their household income. Additionally, sericulture offers women the chance to develop valuable skills in silk production and management, allowing them to take on leadership roles within the industry. This not only boosts their self-esteem and confidence but also promotes gender equality and women's empowerment. Furthermore, sericulture is particularly beneficial for rural women, as it offers them a sustainable and regular source of income without any discrimination based on caste, creed, gender, or religion. In West Bengal, Murshidabad is one of the districts that produces the most silk. Our present study was mainly conducted on 2 villages of Nabagram Block (Nagar & Balaspur) and 2 villages of Berhampore Block (Balarampur & krishnamati) as well. It is frequently seen that they are bearing the financial and familial burdens simultaneously, making it extremely challenging for women to work outside the home. They should engage in sericulture because most of the labor is done indoors. The study reveals that more than 60% of woman are engaged in various work of sericulture from planting to reeling & printing. It is found that women are doing their works successfully in every sector.

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silk, empowering women, finance, sector.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: The present study is an attempt to study the effectiveness of Email writing skill in English language for B.Ed. trainees. The present study is developmental and experimental. The sample of the study comprised 30 B.Ed. trainees. Two equivalent groups of B.Ed. trainees were made. One is the control group which consists of 15 students and the second one is the experimental group which consists of 15 students. For this study pre-test posttest design was employed. Self constructed questionnaire which was validated by English language experts was used to collect data. Pre-tests were administered to both groups. Experimental group was subjected to Email writing skill in English Language training by providing intervention through a specially developed Email writing skill programme in the English language. After the treatment post test was administered to both groups. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and obtained results were interpreted. After analyzing the data it was found that the Email writing skill programme in English language was effective to enhance Email writing skill of B.Ed. trainees.

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Key Words : Writing Skill, Email writing skill,language, B.Ed. trainees.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A study on the significance of data analysis tools in decision-making is crucial in the contemporary business landscape, where organizations are inundated with vast amounts of data

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Accuracy, Efficiency and Time Savings, Identification of Patterns and Trends, Risk Mitigation Strategies, Cost Reduction and Resource Optimization, Cost Reduction and Resource Optimization, Competitive Advantage

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In modern healthcare, identifying cancerous tissue is still a major challenge that affects patient outcomes, diagnosis, and course of treatment. Numerous analytical methods and imaging modalities have been created over time to improve the precision and effectiveness of cancer detection. Among them in younger women, this diagnosis is less accurate, particularly when it comes to dense breast cancers, which are harder to find. We perform a thorough analysis of recent developments in cancer detection in this review, with a special emphasis on the use of deep learning techniques and their combination with technological advances in medical imaging. We review recent studies and advancements in the development of deep learning-based models for cancer detection across different organs and cancer types. We examine the challenges associated with data scarcity, class imbalance, and generalization in training robust and reliable detection models. Additionally, we discuss the integration of multimodal imaging and the potential synergies between different imaging techniques for improving diagnostic accuracy.

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Image mining, Domain specific application, Data Mining, Image Segmentation, Histopathology, Machine learning; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Support Vector Machine (SVM); Logistic Regression (LR).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Old age has now become a prevalent social problem in our society. In our modern society, where money is the scale of everything, the old age people are measured as an economic liability and a social burden. The main objective of this paper is to identify the socio-economic problems faced by the elderly population in rural and urban sectors. Data was collected from 400 respondents of the selected rural and urban areas through purposive sampling techniques. The data collected was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Bivairate cross tabulation with chi square test. The results of the study revealed highest percent (37.6) from urban sector and (41.0) from rural sector belongs to the age group of 60-70 years respectively. Living with son/s (rural 70.5%) and urban 66.6%) was the most common type of living arrangement for elderly. However a slight rural urban differential in living arrangement of elderly was revealed. More males have higher income than females in both rural and urban sectors. Most of the respondents (72.1%) and (71.9%) stated that they possess the ownership of land/household property in both rural and urban areas respectively. However ownership of property did not influence their living arrangement. Furthermore, urban elderly respondents have higher levels of education and results also indicated that elderly individuals with higher levels of education tend to have more income. The analysis of the data reveals that due to old age, lack of financial support and lack of opportunities to earn for livelihood in the villages, the rural elderly experienced more problems in comparison to the urban counterparts.

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Socio-economic,elderly,rural,urban

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This paper explores the empowering narratives of Indian women as portrayed in Sudha Murthy's novels, particularly "Mahasweta" and "House of Cards." Focusing on the struggle against the oppressive mechanisms within closed societies, the research paper highlights the pervasive challenges faced by women in various facets of life, including employment, healthcare, and property rights, illustrating the distant dream of women's empowerment in India. The narratives within Sudha Murthy's novels vividly expose the violence, denigration, and exploitation endured by female characters, reflecting the broader global issues of violence, discrimination, inequality, and poverty faced by women and girls worldwide.

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Empowering Narratives of Indian Women in the Subversive Realms of Sudha Murthy's Novels

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Medical ethics is an intricate domain that frequently confronts practitioners with moral quandaries and ethical obstacles. Deontology is a notable method to tackle these problems. It is a moral framework that prioritizes the underlying morality or immorality of actions, regardless of their outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of how the deontological approach might be utilized to address medical ethics dilemmas. Deontological ethics, commonly linked to philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, focuses on the notion of duty and moral principles. Within the realm of medical ethics, this approach underscores the significance of strictly adhering to particular moral principles and duties, irrespective of potential consequences. Medical practitioners adhere to a set of ethical norms, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and fairness. Deontology emphasizes the importance of maintaining these ideals. The paper analyzes real-world medical situations in which deontological principles clash with consequentialist or utilitarian considerations. The research examines scenarios including patient autonomy, end-of-life decisions, informed consent, and the allocation of limited resources. It sheds insight on the difficulties healthcare professionals encounter while making ethical decisions. Moreover, the study examines the importance of honoring patients' rights and dignity within a deontological framework, highlighting the ethical obligation of healthcare workers to follow these ideals.

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Deontology, Ethical Challenge, Medical Ethics, Patient Autonomy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the era of digital transformation, cloud computing has become the foundation of modern IT infrastructure providing never seen before scale, flexibility, and accessibility to users and companies around the globe. Although, along with the numerous advantages in cloud computing, comes great scrutiny in regard to the privacy and security of the users' data on cloud servers. Traditional cloud storage models commonly demand the consumers to rely on a third party, causing legitimate concerns around data breaches, access without authorization, and potential misuse. In such conditions, Private Information Retrieval (PIR) methods surface as a potential solution to ensure user privacy in cloud environments. This article discusses the complete implementation of the PIR protocol to safeguard users' privacy against the attacks by cloud servers. We go into the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and subsequent research avenues of PIR in the context of cloud computing. The paper starts with a short introduction on the fast growth of cloud computing as well as privacy issues it has introduced. It further presents PIR and how comes into play in cloud storage privacy preservation. Taking this framework as a starting point, the paper surveys the existing methodologies and techniques for PIR, such as Single-Server PIR, Multi-Server PIR, Homomorphic Encryption-based PIR, etc. Every method is analyzed w.r.t. its cryptographic foundation, performance metrics, security properties and scalability. A paper also studies architectural considerations of integrating PIR techniques to cloud storage systems where issues like data volume, access patterns, and deployment models are addressed.. In the next step, the paper reviews the security and privacy problems of PIR in cloud computing, considering intrusions like eavesdropping, inference attacks, and collusion against it. Necessary vulnerabilities and attack vectors are identified, encompassing the strategies for eliminating these threats and increasing the resilience of PIR-based cloud data storage systems. Besides, the document talks about troubles and limitations existent in existing PIR solutions for clouds, i.e. computational overhead, communication complexity and usability problems. It scrutinizes possible future research directions related to the challenges it had discussed and hopefully improves the performance and state-of-the-art in PIR as it focuses on improving the efficiency, scalability and practicality. In a nutshell, this research paper emphasizes the great importance of PIR techniques in the protecting of user privacy in the era of cloud computing. This study aims at elucidating the theoretical underpinnings of PIR, presenting its practical implementations, and sketching the directions for its future development, in an effort to expand on the existing conversation on privacy-preserving mechanisms in the cloud computing area.

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Cloud Computing, User Privacy, PIR, Cloud Data Security, Cryptography, Privacy-Preserving Protocols.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition