Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems use smart sensors, data analysis, and wireless communication to continuously assess bridge safety and performance. They detect issues like fatigue cracks, corrosion, and loose bolts, while advanced methods such as fiber optics, radar, image processing, and AI improve early damage detection. Recent innovations enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimized repair strategies, making bridge management more automated, accurate, and cost-efficient for long-term safety.

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 Keywords

Structural Health Monitoring, Smart Sensors, Fatigue Crack, Fibre Optics, Wireless Communication

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Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology represents a significant advancement in wireless communication systems by offering higher data rates, ultra-low latency, improved reliability, and massive device connectivity. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of 5G communication technology, focusing on its system architecture, key enabling technologies, and performance improvements over previous generations. Technologies such as millimeter wave communication, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), beamforming, network slicing, and software-defined networking are discussed to highlight their role in achieving enhanced spectral efficiency and network flexibility.

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5G Communication, Wireless Communication Systems, Massive MIMO Technology, Millimeter Wave Communication, Network Slicing, Internet of Things (IoT)

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Digital addiction in children and adolescents leads to structural brain changes, including reduced grey and white matter volume in various regions involved in executive function, reward processing, and sensorimotor activities, impacting cognitive capabilities and contributing to problematic smartphone use, internet gaming disorder, and internet addiction. The term "popcorn brain syndrome" is gaining attention among parents, educators, and psychologists across India. It refers to a mental state where constant digital stimulation-rapid videos, notifications, and endless scrolling-rewires the brain to expect instant excitement. The research aimed to study to assess the knowledge regarding popcorn brain syndrome in children. A total sample of 60 Primary school teachers in the age 21-35 years were collected. Self structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge only pre test group. The results found out that the students having poor knowledge about pop corn brain disease in children. Now a days day by day in 1 year to specially 5 year children's and all age group was addicted in internet, smart phone etc. The impact of children's of Internet addiction was found to be significantly negatively correlated with socialization.

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primary school teachers, view develop information booklet.

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Abstract The rapid growth of digital technology, internet access, and social media has led to an increase in cyber-crime against women. While online platforms offer opportunities for education, employment, and self-expression, they also expose women to various forms of online abuse. Women are commonly targeted through cyber stalking, online harassment, cyber bullying, identity theft, impersonation, image morphing, defamation, and revenge pornography. These crimes violate women's privacy, dignity, and basic human rights. Cyber-crime has serious psychological and social effects on women. Victims often suffer from fear, stress, anxiety, depression, loss of confidence, and social isolation. In some cases, women withdraw from education or work due to mental trauma. Although India has laws such as the Information Technology Act, 2000 and provisions under the Indian Penal Code, cyber-crime against women continues to rise due to lack of digital awareness, fear of social stigma, poor reporting systems, and weak enforcement. This paper examines the nature, causes, and impact of cyber-crime against women and emphasizes the need for digital literacy, strict law enforcement, and strong support systems to ensure women's safety online.

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Keywords: Cyber-crime, women, online harassment, cyber laws, digital safety.

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Arundhati Roy and Toni Morrison are regarded as amongst the most influential contemporary novelists. Despite their distinct socio-cultural contexts, Roy as a writer of postcolonial India and Morrison as an African-American writer, both authors converge in their exploration of themes such as gendered suffering, racial and caste marginalization, trauma, memory, and the moral agency of children. This study examines key novels, 'The God of Small Things'(Roy) and 'The Bluest Eye' (Morrison) highlighting their use of socio-historical context, the depiction of trauma across generations, feminist perspective and child protagonists as moral witnesses.

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Love Laws, Marginalized identities, African-American literature, Narrative Technique

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Sarah Kane's plays Blasted (1995), Cleansed (1998), Phaedra's Love (1996), among others confront audiences with stark portrayals of rape, mutilation, torture, cannibalism, and psychological collapse. This study employs Johan Galtung's theory of cultural violence, defined as elements of culture that legitimize direct or structural harm, to argue that Kane renders the "unthinkable" disturbingly ordinary within her dramatic worlds. By situating extreme brutality within casual language, media-shaped indifference, blurred boundaries between private and public life, and forms of love inseparable from cruelty, Kane reveals how violence is already embedded in social consciousness as inevitable or unseen. Through close readings of the primary texts alongside critical perspectives on In-Yer-Face theatre, feminist theory, and trauma studies, this paper demonstrates that Kane's dramaturgy operates as an intentional act of confrontation. Her work compels audiences to acknowledge their own cultural complicity in systems that permit violence to persist. In this way, Kane's drama serves both as a diagnosis of normalized atrocity and as a provocation, urging a moral reckoning with the pervasive violence of late twentieth-century Britain and its broader implications.

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Sarah Kane, cultural violence, Johan Galtung, In-Yer-Face theatre, Blasted, Cleansed, rape culture

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuro imaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow, uses the Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Current results from neuroscience suggest a modular organization of the brain. To understand the complex interaction patterns among brain regions. In proposed system uses CNN algorithm, an efficient algorithm for partitioning segmentation. A brain region is defined as a set of subjects sharing a similar interaction pattern among their brain regions. An extensive experimental evaluation on benchmark data demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. The results on two real fMRI studies demonstrate the potential of riemanian approach to contribute to a better understanding of normal brain function and the alternations characteristic for psychiatric disorders it means that Mental disorders are generally defined by a combination of how a person feels, acts, thinks or perceives. This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain or rest of the nervous system, often in a social context. This is not suitable for different regions of the time series. So we propose the statistical region merging algorithm, used for image segmentation. The algorithm is used to evaluate the values within a regional span and grouped together based on the merging criteria resulting a smaller list. So, we collect more number of information from that information we compare the result and already present in database result. So we analysis person is normal or abnormal or if the person affected by any disease or not.

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) , Blood-Oxygen-Level Dependent (BOLD) Signal ,Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) , Statistical Region Merging (SRM) , Psychiatric Disorder Analysis

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Hypertension affects millions of patients worldwide, yet conventional oral medications deliver fluctuating drug levels that often lead to inconsistent therapeutic effects and unwanted side effects. This research addresses a fundamental challenge in pharmaceutical delivery: creating a formulation that maintains steady drug concentrations in the bloodstream while reducing dosing frequency. The study focuses on losartan potassium, an antihypertensive agent commonly used to manage high blood pressure and diabetic kidney disease. To extend its duration of action, microspheres--tiny spherical polymer-based carriers--were developed using sodium alginate, a naturally derived, biodegradable polymer. Microspheres were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique with varying polymer-to-drug ratios (1:1 through 6:1). Six formulations were systematically evaluated using multiple analytical methods. The average particle size ranged from approximately 48 micrometers to 150 micrometers, with size increasing proportionally as polymer concentration increased. Drug entrapment efficiency--a critical measure of formulation success--ranged from 53.78% to 89.60%, with higher polymer concentrations yielding superior encapsulation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained, controlled release over 12 hours, with formulations releasing the drug gradually rather than in sudden bursts. Release kinetics followed zero-order kinetics, indicating predictable and consistent drug availability. Formulation F5 showed the best results because of highest entrapment with optimal drug content. The results indicate that sodium alginate-based microspheres represent a promising vehicle for sustained delivery of losartan potassium, potentially improving patient compliance through less frequent dosing.

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Losartan potassium, sodium alginate, microspheres, sustained drug delivery, controlled release.

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Students' mindsets play a crucial role in shaping learning behaviours, academic engagement, and educational outcomes. Over the past two decades, research in psychology and education has increasingly emphasized how beliefs about intelligence, ability, and learning influence students' academic trajectories. This qualitative research paper explores the relationship between students' mindsets and learning outcomes across diverse educational contexts using secondary data sources only. Drawing upon peer-reviewed journal articles, policy reports, and established theoretical literature, the study examines how growth and fixed mindsets operate within varied socio-cultural, institutional, and pedagogical environments. The paper employs thematic analysis of existing literature to identify recurring patterns related to motivation, resilience, academic performance, and equity. Findings indicate that students with growth-oriented mindsets demonstrate higher adaptability, persistence, and positive learning outcomes, particularly when supported by inclusive pedagogical practices. The study also highlights contextual factors-such as socioeconomic background, cultural expectations, and institutional structures-that mediate the impact of mindset on learning. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating mindset-informed pedagogies into educational policy and practice, especially in diverse and inequitable learning environments.

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Student Mindset, Learning Outcomes, Growth Mindset, Educational Diversity.

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Introduction of Mode 1, or Cross-Border Supply, highlights the significant role of service exports, particularly in IT, BPO, and consulting, in India's economy. With an 11.61% CAGR since 2005, India has emerged as a top seven global service exporter necessitating continued digital transformation and policy support. This study aims to analyze the growth trends of service exports between 2005-2022, compare India with selected East Asian, South Asian, and ASEAN neighbouring countries, examine growth determinants, and propose solutions for sector challenges. Utilizing secondary data from the WTO and World Bank, the study employs graphical analysis and empirical regression methods to assess India's service export performance, which improved from USD 52 billion in 2005 to over USD 300 billion in 2022. Key growth factors identified include digital transformation, cost-effectiveness, and increased demand for remote services post-COVID-19. Regression analysis shows a negative relation between Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) and service exports, while GDP per capita and internet usage is associated positively with export growth. Despite challenges, India's service sector remains a major economic contributor and is crucial for future growth and competitiveness.

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Factors, Determining, Export , Commercial, Services

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