Volume 14 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This study examines the status of militarisation in Longding District, Arunachal Pradesh, focusing on the impact of army deployment, the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA), and insurgency. The research centers on Longding town and Tissa town to analyse the everyday lives of residents amid AFSPA enforcement and ongoing insurgent activities. Longding, the 17th district of Arunachal Pradesh, is declared a "disturbed area" under AFSPA, due to issues primarily stemming from unrest in neighbouring states. Findings from 141 respondents indicate a majority agree AFSPA has led to human rights concerns and creates fear, though many note that issues have lessened over time. Most respondents also view insurgency as the primary cause of lagging infrastructure and economic growth.

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 Keywords

Armed Forces (Special Power) Act, 1958, Insurgency, Arunachal Pradesh (Reorganisation of Districts) (Amendment) Bill, 2011, punitive containment, Disturbed Areas, Security Forces

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smart society with smart cities and communities. An ICT-infrastructure handles data and information and encompasses devices and networks, protocols and procedures including Internet, Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. The current challenges of ICT-infrastructures are delivering services and applications that are requested by users, such as residents, public organisations and institutions. These services and applications must be combined to enhance and enrich the environment and provide personalised services. This requires radical changes in technology, such as dynamic ICT-infrastructures, which should dynamically provide requested services to be able to build smart societies. This paper is about pursuing smart and connected cities and communities by creating smart volatile ICT-infrastructures for smart cities and communities, called Ipsum. The infrastructure is of multidisciplinary art and includes different kinds of hardware, software, artificial intelligence techniques depending on the available parts and the services to be delivered. The goal is to provide a powerful and smart, and cost-saving volatile ICT-infrastructure with person-centred, ubiquitous and malleable parts, i.e., devices, sensors and services. Volatile means in real-time constitute a volatile network of devices and deploying it into cities and communities. Ipsum will be smart everywhere by collaborating with several different hardware and software systems and cooperating to perform complex tasks. The paper presents the partial results of the EU BlueSCities project [1]. The project is developing the methodology for the integration of the water and waste sectors within the 'Smart Cities and Communities' concept to compliment other priority areas such as energy, transport and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The project has developed the City Blueprint Framework for water and waste and the City Amberprint Framework for energy, transport and ICT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

database, IoE, networking, open data, smart city

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to examine potential substitutes for neoprene bearings utilised in ROB 105 at Surya Kund Ayodhya. Neoprene bearings are widely used in bridge construction to withstand tension and movement. But because of variables like age, wear and tear, and new discoveries in material science, other materials that will last longer and with great strength are also researched. This study will encompass several materials that can be used instead of neoprene bearings, focusing on their mechanical properties, cost, and on the basis of purpose. The study also includes a cost analysis aspect associated with different materials that will help in developing comparative idea according to economic point of view

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 Keywords

Bridge, Bearing, Elastomeric, Neoprene, POT PTFE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Every person is a special creature of God, irrespective of their caste, creed, religion, belief, or sexuality. However, in the 21st century, it is still taboo to freely declare homosexuality and be a part of the LGBTQIA+ community in India. Moreover, homosexuality has a historical presence in Indian society, but still these communities are struggling for their social acceptance. The LGBTQIA+ people, who identify themselves as sexual minorities, are often victimized with identity-based violence, and subject to physical, mental, and sexual abuse. They are often persecuted by the police and neglected by the legal system; they are denied jobs, paid less, and treated unequally at the workplace, which forces them to hide their sexual orientation and identity. To make matters worse, the recently enforced criminal statute does not include any special provision for the protection of hate crimes against these communities. In addition to the national law, even the Rome statute blatantly disregards any gender other than a male or female. The paper proposes to analyze several aspects of hate crimes and victimization endured by the LGBTQIA+ people. The author delves into the existing legal and social framework for the sexual minorities along with elucidating the difficulties faced by such communities and attempts to find the solution for the same by addressing shifting societal norms and comparing Indian legislation with the laws of other nations. It also examines the implications involved in implementing such laws within India by studying different pronouncements and judgments. The study focuses on highlighting the need for special legislation or amendments in substantive criminal law pertaining to the LGBTQIA+ communities with the help of the latest occurrences and statistical findings.

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 Keywords

LGBTQIA+, Victimizing, Sexual Minority, Hate, identity - based violence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The objective of this study is to determine how mirror treatment and mental imagery can help amputee patients with their phantom limb pain. Participants with PLP were chosen for the study. NPRS-11, MPQ, BDAI, and BPI were used to gather data before the intervention, and the same outcome measures were used to compare the outcomes after the intervention. The results indicate a small reduction in phantom limb discomfort. The study we conducted led us to the conclusion that mirror therapy combined with mental imagery may slightly alleviate phantom limb discomfort in patients with above-knee amputations.

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 Keywords

Mirror therapy, mental imagery,phantom limb pain, Amputation.

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The process of selecting a higher education institution (HEI) has evolved into a complex decision-making phenomenon influenced by a combination of institutional attributes, psychological evaluations, and behavioral intentions. While existing research has examined numerous determinants of HEI choice, the literature remains fragmented and lacks an integrative theoretical synthesis. Addressing this gap, the present study conducts a systematic literature review to identify and organize factors influencing HEI choice using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework. Guided by the PRISMA protocol, peer-reviewed empirical studies published were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC databases. The review synthesizes evidence on how external institutional stimuli--such as reputation, academic quality, cost, employability outcomes, and marketing communication--are cognitively and affectively processed by students before culminating in behavioral responses, including enrollment intention and actual enrollment decisions. The findings demonstrate that HEI choice is neither purely rational nor purely emotional; rather, it reflects a dual-process mechanism in which cognitive evaluations and affective responses jointly mediate the influence of institutional cues on student behavior. By systematically mapping fragmented empirical findings within the S-O-R framework, this review contributes a coherent theoretical structure to the HEI choice literature and highlights critical research gaps for future empirical investigation. The study offers valuable insights for scholars, institutional leaders, and policymakers seeking to better understand and strategically manage student choice behavior in an increasingly competitive higher education environment.

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 Keywords

Higher education institution choice; Student decision-making; Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework; Cognitive and affective factors; Systematic literature review; Enrollment intention

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The rapid transformation of the global transportation sector has positioned electric vehicles (EVs) as a sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. This paper critically examines the key factors influencing consumer preference for electric vehicles in the contemporary era. Drawing upon an extensive review of scholarly literature, policy reports, and secondary statistical data, the study identifies environmental concern, economic viability, technological advancement, infrastructure availability, government intervention, and social influence as major determinants of EV adoption. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers aiming to promote sustainable mobility.

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 Keywords

Electric Vehicles (EVs), Consumer Preference, Sustainable Mobility, Environmental Awareness, Government Incentives, Charging Infrastructure, FAME Scheme, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's urban lifestyle, stress, anxiety, and sleep-related problems have become very common, mainly due to disturbed circadian rhythms caused by irregular daily routines, excessive screen exposure, and continuous mental workload. Ayurveda provides a holistic and personalised approach to health through the practice of Dinacharya (daily routines) along with the use of Rasayana and adaptogenic herbs. This review focuses on the role of Padaabhyanga (therapeutic foot massage) and selected herbs such as Ashwagandha, Tagara, Brahmi and Jatamamsi in improving sleep quality and reducing psychological stress, especially among urban working populations. The classical Ayurvedic description area was analysed in correlation with available biomedical studies to understand the probable mechanism involved. Padaabhyanga is found to stimulate plantar nerve endings, support autonomic balance, reduce sympathetic overactivity, and facilitate melatonin secretion, thereby promoting relaxation and better sleep. The selected herbal drugs exhibit adaptogenic, neuroprotective, and GABA-modulating action that helps calm the mind and improve emotional stability. Aligning circadian rhythm principles with Ayurvedic Dinacharya offers a sustainable and culturally acceptable approach to mental well-being and long-term health. The outcomes of such an intervention can be objectively assessed using a commonly available wearable device, such as smart watches and sleep trackers, which record parameters like heart rate variability, sleep efficiency, total sleep duration, stress indices, and circadian rhythm patterns. Incorporation of wearable-based assessment allows non-invasive, continuous monitoring and provides measurable evidence for the effectiveness of Ayurveda-based lifestyle intervention, supporting its wider clinical and preventive application.

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 Keywords

Ashwagandha, Circadian Rhythm, Dinacharya, Padaabhyanga, Stress, Sleep Disorders

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

According to S??khya Philosophy prak?ti and puru?a are two ultimate realities. They have their own independent existence. This is the reason why this philosophy is known as dualistic realism. Prak?ti stands for matter and puru?a stands for self. S??khya is pluralistic because of its teaching that puru?a is not one but many. The S??khya distinction between puru?a and prak?ti is fundamentally that between the subject and the object. The subject can never be the object, and the object can never be the subject. The self and the non-self are radically different from each other. Thus, the dualistic metaphysics of S??khya is founded on the undeniably bipolar character of our everyday experience as made up of the experience and the experienced. The S??khya recognizes twenty-five principles of reality. Of these an individual soul is neither a cause nor an effect. Causation is transformation of the gunas sattva, rajas, and tamas. The soul is not composed of them, and is therefore neither a cause nor an effect. Prak?ti is the First Cause of the aggregate of all effects in the world. It is their ultimate cause, which is not the effect of any other cause. If it had any other cause, it would lead to infinite regress. Prak?ti is a cause but not an effect. It is not a modification of any other ultimate cause.

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 Keywords

Prak?ti, Three Gunas of prak?ti, The relationship between Prak?ti and the Gunas, Existence of prak?ti, Puru?a, Existence of puru?a. The Relation between puru?a and prak?ti.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition