Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

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Adolescence is defined as life between 10 and 19 years of age. In girls, it is a phase of transition fromgirlhoodtowomanhood.Infemales,menstruationmarksthebeginningoftheadolescence, buttheyare not prepared and there is lack of knowledge about menstruation among adolescent girls.1 Adolescence is considered as a critical period in human evolution, although it is often not recognized as such by healthcare workers and parents as well as professionals in adult medicine and pediatric disciplines. The onset of phenomenon that signals reproductive maturity and should not be seen as an abnormal conditioner disease.2Menstruation is a physiologicalphenomenon which is unique to females in teenage. The onset of menstruation is one of the most important changes occurring among the girls during the adolescent years. The first menstruation occurs between 11 and 15 years with a mean of 13 years. Menstruation is also properly called menses or more commonly a period of monthly flow. It is healthy, natural and mature process. Although menstruation is natural process, it is linked with several adverse health outcomes.2 Menstruation is the first indication of puberty. During puberty, the physical changes occur which transform the body of child into that of an adult, changes in body size and changes in body proportion. Menstrual hygiene depends upon the educational, socio economic and cultural statuses of the family. But many lack economic and social conditions to manage menstrual sanitation satisfactorily. Menstruation is still regarded as something unclean or dirty in Indian society. The reaction to the menstruation depends upon awareness and knowledge about the subject.3 Menstrual hygiene management is limited by various cultural, social and economic factors. Infections because of poor menstrual hygiene during menstruation have been reported in many studies. Problems such as lack of water and bathroom facilities, lack of private rooms for changing sanitary pads and ignorance because of lack of education are some of the factors responsible for poor menstrual hygiene, which in turn poses many reproductive health problems in future.4 Good menstrual hygiene practices are essential during menstruation which includes: 1) Regular changeof clothing and underwear, 2) Change of hygienic pads every three to four hours, 3)Daily showering, especially in instances of dysmenorrheal, 4)Adequate washing of the genitalia after each voiding of urine and feces, 5) Continuing normal routine and daily activities(e.g. Goingto school, doingphysicalexercise)and6)Maintainingbalanceddietwithplentyoffruitsandvegetablesrichin iron and calcium.5

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Astudy toassessthe knowledgeonMenstrualhygiene Among Adolescent Girlsin SelectedSchools InVisnagar.

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Butane poisoning is relatively rare (2.3% of domestic poisoning cases). It usually occurs after butane inhalation and only one case of ingestion poisoning has been reported in the literature in the last twenty years. We propose to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of acute generalised peritonitis secondary to accidental ingestion of liquid butane in a 39-year-old patient. On admission, our patient presented with severe asthenia, respiratory distress syndrome and peritoneal irritation syndrome. We suspected inhalation pneumonitis associated with perforating peritonitis. Emergency laparotomy revealed an intraperitoneal gas effusion, frostbite lesions on the gastric wall and no gastric perforation. Postoperative management was uneventful. This study questions the association between pneumoperitoneum and gastric perforation in butane ingestion.

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acute generalized peritonitis, butane ingestion, case report

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One of the most recent areas of interest in the most recent nanotechnologies and nanoscience is the use of biomaterials in the synthesis of nanoparticles. More studies are being conducted on environmentally friendly methods of producing metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) in an effort to reduce the potential risks associated with dangerous substances in a secure setting. The safest technique for making copper nanoparticles is called green synthesis. Compared to other metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), copper nanoparticles have a large surface area and are very biologically active. The plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family is called Prunus domestica. The majority of plant parts, including leaves, stems, flowers, and bark, have already been employed in the production of nanoparticles. To make Cu-NPs, fruit pulp extract is utilized. We discussed in this article how Prunus domestica aqueous extract is prepared to create copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and how its phytochemical analysis is conducted. This article presents novel research that indicates a nano formulation produced from Prunus domestica has antitubercular potential. Our findings, substantiated through the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method, underscore the promising antitubercular activity of this innovative application, providing a potential avenue for the development of effective drug against tuberculosis.

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Prunus domestica, Green synthesis, Phytochemical analysis, Anti - tubercular activity, MABA method.

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The dark web presents significant threats to organizational security, as it serves as a hub for illicit activities, including the sale of sensitive data, malware, and hacking services. In response to these risks, organizations must implement robust dark web monitoring strategies to mitigate potential breaches and safeguard their sensitive information. This paper examines the importance of dark web monitoring for organizational security and outlines a comprehensive approach to effectively monitor and respond to threats in the dark web environment. Key components of this approach include proactive monitoring tools, threat intelligence gathering, collaboration with law enforcement agencies, and continuous evaluation and adjustment of security measures. By implementing these strategies, organizations can enhance their ability to detect and neutralize threats originating from the dark web, thereby strengthening their overall security posture.

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DARK WEB MONITORING FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SECURITY

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Every civilization and culture in the world has a philosophy associated with it. The same is true in regards to the Indian civilization and culture. Yoga is one of the six systems of Indian Philosophies. Philosophy should be there in every essence of human. Without philosophy life is futile. Philosophy is the discussion of the intuitional perceptions. This study is an attempt to analyse educational significance of yoga philosophy. It is seen from this study that Yoga Philosophy has pervasive impact on education in India. The study covers impact of yoga education on body, mind and soul of students.

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Yoga Philosophy, Raja yoga, Tantra Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Astanga Yoga, Jnana Yoga

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Digital platforms for learning and education in India have always been considered material substitutes for classroom teaching. Due to the emergence of globalization shifting from offline to online education sector became more competitive and challenging. In the last decades, the compatibility in the use of internet electronic platforms and media seems to have increased to learn in a particular web-based platform. This apparent one such term is an Online Learning Environment and it can be supposed that all technical terms used in learning can be referenced by Online Learning. This paper comprises three parts- the present scenario, challenges, and future perspective in the context of online learning in the Indian economy. This research paper aims to understand the contribution of online learning, and then identify the issues and challenges that users may face (institutions, students, teachers) and its prospects in India. This paper has a conceptual study of research based on secondary data and relevant literature reviews.

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online learning, scenario, challenges, prospects, objectives

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Every Subject Teachers and every educationalist are the backbone of her education system in any country. The need of teacher's any type of development (Physical, Mental, and Social) has been accepted for the improvement of education. Therefore the expectancy for quality in physical education teacher is becoming higher with other teacher day by day. The traditional methods of teacher training are not serving the requirement of his on sources. The present progarmme has been failed in preparing teachers Curriculum that are required in the classroom because the stress is on theory and practical. That is why many teacher education policies have been evolved to the over limit and is based on the recommendations contained in various reports through the committees/commissions on education. The important ones being the Kothari commission (1966), Chattopadhyaya committee (1985), the national policy on education (NPE 1986/1992, Yashpal committee (1993), the national Curriculum Framework (NCF2005). The present paper highlights to the point recommendations of various committees and commissions to bring reforms to the sustain quality in teacher educational system.

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Physical education teacher, Teacher training, Reforms, Quality

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In the quest for sustainable food security and optimal crop production, accurate detection of tomato leaf diseases is crucial. This study extends our previous research by examining the efficacy of four advanced ML and DL models - DenseNet121, ResNet50V2, AlexNet, and a newly developed Hybrid model - in identifying tomato leaf diseases under diverse climatic conditions in Bangladesh. Our dataset encompasses various disease types, including TMV, Early Blight, Spider Mites, Late Blight, Septoria Leaf Spot, and the conditions of healthy tomato leaves.This updated investigation compares the recall, accuracy, and precision of the revised models, including an analysis of their performance under varying environmental factors such as occlusion and illumination changes. Notably, the DenseNet121 model demonstrated a notable performance with an accuracy of 0.9017, while the ResNet50V2 model exhibited a balanced precision-recall trade-off across different disease types. The AlexNet model showed significant improvements with an accuracy of 0.9580, marking a substantial leap from our previous findings.Our novel Hybrid model, integrating the strengths of the individual models, reported the highest accuracy of 0.9780, further enhanced by the use of the Canny edge detector for precise color feature extraction and the Adam optimizer for efficient learning. This research not only advances the detection of tomato leaf diseases but also sets a new benchmark in the field, offering a scalable and robust model for broader agricultural applications. The results underscore the potential of ML and DL models in disease detection, providing valuable insights for the development of reliable and efficient disease detection systems adaptable to various environmental conditions

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Tomato leaf disease detection, healthy crop production, food security, ML and DL models.

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Work or Family is a key decision nowadays in middle-class families, The perspective of these crucial decisions of life has transformed in recent times. The reason is that now women are as career-oriented and ambitious as men and with the working couple, marital and domestic equation faces imbalances. Work-related Stress is occupational stress is the first and foremost fallout of such imbalances. It is widely observed that Occupational Stress is the major contributory factor behind family adjustment, which leads to conflicts amongst the single earning couple. The term Emotional Intelligence (EI) in this thesis refers to the ability to identify, use, understand, and manage emotions and emotional information. Emotional Intelligence and Occupational stress are interdependent. Where there is stress there is also emotion. The situation provides an opportunity for researchers to study the relationship between emotional intelligence and occupational stress.

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Emotional Intelligence, Occupational Stress, Single earning Couples.

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The present study was aimed to analyze the Physico-chemical nature of effluent of Chlor-alkali industry collected from the effluent canal and its impact on a BGA. To study the impact of effluent on the ATPase activity an important enzyme related to energy management of the effluent exposed alga. The cyanobacterium (BGA) showed dual behavior towards the effluent toxicant indicating stimulation at sub-lethal concentrations and inhibition at higher concentrations of the effluent toxicant. During recovery studies interesting results were obtained. Significant recovery at sub-lethal concentration of the toxicant and insignificant recovery at higher concentrations of the mercury contained toxicant during recovery period indicated dual behavior of the toxicant. Significant variations were observed in the ATPase activity of the control and effluent exposed alga. The control alga showed normal ATPase activity with the increase in exposure period. At sub-lethal / maximum allowable concentration of effluent, the exposed alga showed increase in ATPase activity compared to ATPase activity of the control alga indicating higher growth. Whereas, at higher concentration of the effluent, depletion in ATPase activity was noted in the effluent exposed algal sets. Stimulation of ATPase activity in the effluent exposed alga at sub-lethal concentrations of mercury contained effluent and inhibition in ATPase activity at higher doses of mercury contained effluent indicated the possible interference of mercury in exposed algal physiological processes of energy trapping mechanism, oxygen evolution and primary production and energy utilization. During recovery studies interesting results were obtained. Significant recovery at sub-lethal concentration of the toxicant exposed algal ATPase activity and insignificant recovery at higher concentrations of the mercury contained toxicant during recovery period indicated dual behavior and impact of the toxicant.

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Chlor-alkali industry, effluent, mercury, Blue-green alga, ATPase activity.

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