Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This paper explores the application of Écriture Féminine, a feminist literary theory developed by Hélène Cixous, in Toni Morrison's Beloved and Zadie Smith's White Teeth. Through a close reading of the novels, this paper examines how the principles of Écriture Féminine, including fragmentation, multiplicity, and non-linearity, are reflected in the narratives of the female characters. Écriture Féminine, a French feminist literary theory, emphasizes the importance of women's writing and challenges patriarchal language and narrative structures. The study argues that the novels' use of embodied narratives, which emphasize the materiality of the female body and its experiences, serves as a site of resistance against the oppressive forces of patriarchy and colonialism. By examining the intersection of Écriture Féminine and embodied narratives in these novels, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the ways in which women's writing can challenge dominant narratives and create new spaces for feminist expression. This study explores the concept of Écriture Féminine in contemporary narratives, examining how women writers challenge patriarchal norms and create new forms of expression. Through a close reading of selected texts, this study demonstrates how Écriture Féminine is used to subvert traditional notions of narrative, identity, and representation. Keywords: Écriture Féminine, fragmentation, infanticide, intersectionality.

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Embodied Narratives: Écriture Féminine in Toni Morrison's Beloved and Zadie Smith's White Teeth

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Abstract: For a long period, minimum wage policies have been considered an indispensable instrument for alleviating income disparity and enhancing low-income workers' lives. When it comes to India, even though economic inequality continues to challenge the country significantly, the development and effectiveness of minimum wage legislation are worth focusing on. This research assesses the impact of minimum wage policies on economic inequality in India, examining their role in reducing wage gaps, enhancing living standards for workers, and labour market dynamics. The research takes a mixed-methods approach and combines quantitative analysis of wage data from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with qualitative insights drawn from interviews with policymakers, employers, and workers across formal and informal sectors. The findings show that minimum wage policies have, in fact, led to moderate improvements in wage levels for specific sections of the workforce, but they have had a limited impact on overall economic inequality. Regional disparities, weak enforcement mechanisms, and the prevalence of informal employment all undermine the effectiveness of these policies. The study even shows the 'unintended' effects that may arise when minimum wages go up, causing potential job loss in small scale industries and raising informalization. The paper advances a more extensive policy framework-integrating regulations on minimum wage with broader protection measures, and skill development program and stronger enforcements to find out the base causes of such economic inequality. This research will join the on-going debate concerning minimum wage policies for developing economies while providing policymakers within India with much-needed, fact-based advice to inform future directions. Since such a context - that is one of labour markets in India specifically - holds special relevance to those low- and middle-income nations facing these difficulties, it remains relevant even here.

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Keywords: Minimum Wage, Economic Inequality, India, Labor Market, Income Distribution.

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This paper provides a thorough introduction to the sandwich approach, a potent method that uses simplicial subdivision to compute Brouwer fixed points and solve related issues, such as determining broad economic equilibria. We give a self-contained introduction to the basic ideas of simplicial subdivision and sandwiching. We explore the nature of the algorithm's approximation capabilities and demonstrate the convergence features that are built into the method through thorough analysis. We also provide a brief overview of the algorithm's mechanics and showcase a small number of computational outcomes to highlight its usefulness.

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 Keywords

Sandwich technique, Simplicial subdivision, Brouwer fixed points, Stochastic equilibrium, Properties of convergence, Approximation.

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Poverty is the drastic socio - economic problems in the country even in the country as a big human resource but sufficient financial mechanism is not prevailing to include all people in formal banking channels. In this way the extensive mission of PMJDY may addresses these issues properly in removal of poverty and educating unbanked people regarding options of income generation and financial security. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is the greatest financial inclusion initiative of the global level. On august 15th 2014. PM of India Sri Narendra Damodar Das Modi announced PMJDY. Which has been launched by him on August 28th, 2014, across the country the prime objective of this scheme is to help citizens to receive banking support and services like credit, pension, and insurance at proper cost. This scheme works for connecting people from Indian financial services for removing poverty. The objective of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), India's National Mission for Financial Inclusion, is to make financial services including banking, savings and deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance, and pensions easily accessible to the less powerful and lower-income sectors of society. The PMJDY is the cornerstone of the "Sab ka sath Sab ka Vikas" development idea. PMJDY's slogan is "Mera khatta Bhagya vidhata." Every household would have access to banking and credit options with a bank account. Against this background, the paper attempts to present an overview of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY).

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Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana.

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Tourism has been a major growth industry globally for over five decades. Factors underpinning this growth include the growth of incomes and wealth, improvements in transport, changing lifestyles and consumer values, increased leisure time, international openness and globalization, immigration, special events, education, information and communication technologies, destination marketing and promotion, improved general and tourism infrastructure and so on. Since there are economic consequences to all of these factors it is not surprising that research in the area of tourism economics has increased substantially during the same period.

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Tourism, Development, Infrastructure, Heritage and culture etc

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The rapid growth of computer networks has generated vast amounts of complex data, making it challenging to analyse and extract valuable insights. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models have emerged as promising solutions for data analysis in computer networks. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of ML and DL models for data analysis in computer networks. We evaluate the performance of various ML (Decision Trees, Random Forest, SVM) and DL (CNN, RNN, LSTM) models on benchmark datasets for network intrusion detection, traffic classification, and traffic prediction. Our results show that DL models outperform ML models in terms of accuracy and robustness, but require larger datasets and computational resources. We also discuss the trade-offs between model complexity, interpretability, and performance. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to develop effective data analysis solutions for computer networks.

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Keywords: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Computer Networks, Data Analysis, Network Intrusion Detection, Traffic Classification, Traffic Prediction.

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This paper critically examines the representation of hybrid identities in Abdulrazak Gurnah's Paradise (1994) through the lens of Homi K. Bhabha's theory of hybrid identity. Set in colonial East Africa, Paradise explores the liminal spaces where cultural, historical, and social forces intersect, shaping the identities of individuals caught between multiple influences. The protagonist, Yusuf, embodies the fractured subjectivity that arises from displacement, colonial encounters, and economic dependencies. Through an analysis of key themes, such as cultural hybridity, linguistic plurality, gendered identity, and historical memory, this study highlights how Gurnah's novel destabilizes rigid binaries of self and other, colonizer, and colonized. By applying Bhabha's theoretical framework, this paper argues that Paradise not only reflects the cultural confluence of colonial East Africa, but also critiques the instability and ambivalence of hybrid identity in colonial and postcolonial contexts.

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Hybrid identity, post-colonialism, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Paradise, Homi K. Bhabha, third space, mimicry, colonial East Africa

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In this paper, we investigate an interesting exponential identity with several variables and different powers: x^n=x^(n-3)?(6?m^2+m?j?p)+x^(n-2). We prove this equation to be true not only for positive integers, as might be expected, but also for negative integers, zero and even non-integer values by means of mathematical analysis using induction. This result is interesting because of its possible application in computational mathematics. The equation provides a new look at power calculations, which can be helpful when dealing with inconveniently long numbers. This identity is useful for this purpose because it offers a way to express higher powers in terms of more manageable components. We have found this particularly useful when calculating powers in programming languages such as Python.

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calculation, power computation, identity integer and non-integers.

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Digital Radiography (DR) and Computed Radiography (CR) have transformed non-destructive testing (NDT), offering superior imaging capabilities and efficiency in pipe weld inspection. A cornerstone of these technologies is the sensitivity check, which ensures accurate detection and visualization of weld defects. This paper highlights the significance of sensitivity checks in DR and CR, addressing the challenges posed by the placement of Image Quality Indicators (IQIs) and proposing innovative solutions to overcome them. The introduction of a novel fixer attachment for IQI placement streamlines the inspection process, minimizing the need for frequent recalibration and maintaining sensitivity thresholds. This advancement enhances compliance with industry standards while optimizing productivity in high-throughput environments. The proposed solutions set a new standard in radiographic testing, balancing precision, efficiency, and workflow optimization.

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Digital Radiography, IQI, Sensitivity, Nondestructive testing

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The selected fabric is Panne Velvet which is 100% Polyester but is able to stretch two ways without any spandex. This also allows the fabric to be 100% wrinkle free and gives an elegant look.This study is taken to evaluate the Geometric , Durability and Comfort properties of Panne Velvet fabric. Five different samples were taken from the same fabric to identify the mean value. The Panne Velvet fabric resulted in medium to low thickness of the fabric, light weight ,high Tensile Strength and Tearing Strength. It denotes that the fabric has slight surface fuzziness and/or partially formed pills with grading of Class - 4. The selected fabrics exhibited high drapability and it is performed medium to low Air Permeability.

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Panne velvet, Geometric, Durability, Comfort properties.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition