Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This research focuses on developing hollow fly ash bricks and a fly ash-based adhesive for framed structures, addressing sustainability and cost-efficiency in construction. Optimal mix ratios of fly ash, cement, and sand were determined through experiments, resulting in lightweight bricks with improved thermal insulation and compressive strength. The adhesive, formulated with synthetic polymers, ensures strong bonding and durability. The study promotes eco-friendly construction by utilizing industrial by-products, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study was examined the income generating activities of women vendor in Kumbi market Bishnupur district, Manipur during 2021 - 2024. The study applied two stage sampling techniques to select 121 women for the study. Data was collected from primary sources. Frequency, percentages and tables were used as means of data presentation. The research result revealed that most (33.88 %) of the respondents were between the age category of 36 - 45 years, most are primary level 2 to secondary educational level attendants (56.19%) with low participation at post graduate levels and adult education, most are married (71.90 %). The most prominent IGAs undertaken by rural women in the study area were selling fish and vegetables, selling animal product, pharmacy, hardware, engaging in petty trading, beauty parlour and firewood selling. The level of gross margin of the IGAs made by women were positive, indicating their average monthly earned revenue was greater than what they are expending per month. Women's who were generating income in engaging in different IGAs face a considerable constraint such as credit access shortage, lack of family support and training, lack of business premises, lack of reliable market problem and infrastructural problems. Outcome to this study, it is recommended that women IGAs, as entrepreneurs, can support increasing household income level in specific and national income level, in general if the concerned body supports them in different aspects.

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Rural, Women's, Income Generation, Kumbi, Bishnupur, Manipur.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cyberspace has a hidden, dangerous side where cyber warfare and cyber terrorism pose major threats. Cyber warfare involves digital attacks by nation-states to disrupt another country's infrastructure, military, or government systems, often for strategic or political gains. These attacks include malware, phishing, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In contrast, cyber terrorism is conducted by non-state actors, aiming to create fear and chaos by targeting civilians, essential services, and financial institutions through techniques like website defacement, ransomware, and cyber talking. Both cyber warfare and cyber terrorism exploit system vulnerabilities and are difficult to defend against due to their anonymous and borderless nature. The rising number of cyber incidents highlights the need for strong cybersecurity measures, global cooperation, and advanced defense strategies. This paper explores the key differences, types, and impacts of cyber threats while emphasizing the importance of continuous research and technological advancements to combat them. Strengthening cybersecurity is crucial to maintaining national security and public safety in an increasingly digital world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cyber Warfare, Cyber Terrorism, Malware, Phishing, Cyber Security, Digital Attacks, Cyber Crime

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Vrat rituals, a traditional practice of fasting and abstinence in India, demonstrate the complex interplay between culture and nature. This comprehensive analysis investigates how these religiously significant customs, observed by various communities, contribute to environmental sustainability. The study examines how the principles of moderation, self-control, and resource preservation inherent in Vrat practices lead to reduced consumption of natural resources, increased vegetarianism, and greater respect for biodiversity. Through ritualized fasting, participants engage in spiritual cleansing and indirectly support ecological equilibrium by reducing waste, limiting consumption, and honouring natural cycles. This research explores specific Vrat observances that align with agricultural and seasonal patterns, such as those coinciding with harvests, water conservation efforts, and the protection of sacred groves, illustrating their role in maintaining local ecosystems. Drawing on case studies, religious texts, and practitioner interviews, this study showcases how Vrat rituals encourage environmentally responsible behaviours that align with contemporary sustainability principles, despite their ancient roots. The research suggests that reviving and reinterpreting these practices in light of current environmental challenges could provide valuable insights into sustainable living and resource management strategies. This study bridges the gap between tradition and contemporary environmentalism by critically analyzing Vrat rituals through an ecological lens. It advocates for integrating cultural wisdom in efforts to promote ecological sustainability.

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Keywords: Vrat rituals, Fasting and abstinence, Indian culture, Cultural wisdom

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Socioeconomic background significantly influences students' learning perception, academic performance, and cognitive development. This study examines the complex relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and learning perception by exploring various factors such as financial stability, parental education, access to educational resources, and psychological well-being. It highlights how disparities in SES create unequal learning opportunities, affecting student engagement, motivation, and long-term academic aspirations. Using a mixed-method approach, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative analyses to evaluate the effects of SES on students from diverse backgrounds. The findings reveal that financial constraints, lack of parental academic involvement, psychological stress, and differences in school environments contribute to varied learning perceptions. The paper also discusses strategies for bridging the socioeconomic gap in education, including policy interventions, parental guidance programs, and mental health support. Addressing these disparities is crucial for fostering an equitable educational landscape where students can thrive regardless of their socioeconomic background.

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Socioeconomic status, learning perception, academic performance, parental education, financial stability, psychological effects, educational equity, cognitive development, student motivation, school environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Klaibya is the disorder of Karmendriya which involves both Mana and Gnanendriya. The primary factors that contribute to the pathophysiology are aggravated Vata Dosha, Shukrakshaya in particular, Shukravaha srotodusti, and Mano Dosha,which is very closely related to Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (PED). It is characterized by erectile difficulties arising due to psychological causes, including stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or trauma, rather than physical abnormalities. Acharya Sushruta was the first person who described the Psycho-Neuro-vascular mechanism of erection. Yogaratnakara and Bhavaprakasha also accepted the importance of Manasika bhavas by describing Manasika Klaibya, but Acharya Charaka did not explain about Manasika Klaibya, as Charaka mentioned the manasika nidanas like chinta, shoka, bhaya in bijopaghata and shukrakshayaja Klaibya. The combined application of Rasayana and Vajikarana offers a holistic approach, addressing both the physiological and psychological factors contributing to psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction along with sexual health and stress mangement. This integrated therapeutic model not only enhances sexual health but also supports long-term emotional well-being.

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Psychogenic erectile dysfunction, Mansika Klaibya, Rasayana, Vajikarana, sexual health, stress management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Status of women in Lok Sabha elections (in the context of Rajasthan from 1952-2024)

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Status of women in Lok Sabha elections (in the context of Rajasthan from 1952-2024)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Malware is a form of malicious software designed to cause harm to computer systems. In recent years, the proliferation of malware for illegal and malicious purposes has grown significantly. To counter these threats, several machine learning and deep learning techniques have been employed for the detection and classification of malware. One promising approach is image-based malware detection, which leverages machine learning and compuer vision models to analyse the visual representation of malware, such as binary images or screenshots, for detecting malicious behaviours. This method has the potential to identify hidden or polymorphic malware variants, providing an additional layer of defence against emerging cyber-attacks. In this study, a new approach is introduced that utilizes a Sparse Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for image-based malware classification. The primary objective of this method is to employ an optimized deep learning model to efficiently identify and classify malware images. The Sparse LSTM network is used to extract crucial feature vectors from the malware images, enhancing the classification process. By integrating attention mechanisms, the model effectively captures significant patterns for malware recognition. The technique is evaluated using the Malimg malware data set, demonstrating promising results in comparison to existing methods.

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Malware, Malicious Software, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Image-Based Malware Detection, Computer Vision, Binary Images, Polymorphic Malware, Sparse LSTM Network, Malware Classification, Feature Extraction, Attention Mechanism, Malimg Data set, Cyber-Attacks, Classification

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Seismic analysis of irregular buildings is crucial due to the non-uniform distribution of seismic loads, which can enhance seismic forces. Advanced analysis tools like modal, response spectrum, and pushover analysis are essential for assessing seismic performance. A trapezium-shaped structure is needed when the available plan is not symmetric along any axes. This case study examines the G+20 building's seismic performance in seismic zone 4, where the left and right sides of a standard rectangular building are changed to create a trapezium. Dynamic analysis is performed on the regular and irregular structures, observing maximum storey drift, story displacements, and stiffness which are essential for strengthening seismic resistance and structural integrity in earthquake-prone regions. This research focuses on evaluating the plan irregularity factor for trapezoidal buildings, characterized by their non-orthogonal geometry. The study employs advanced seismic analysis techniques using ETABS software to simulate and analyse the impact of varying degrees of plan irregularity on the structural behaviour of trapezoidal buildings. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating plan irregularity considerations into design and analysis processes to enhance seismic resilience of trapezoidal structures.

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Trapezoidal building, Plan irregularity, displacements, story drift, seismic analysis, seismic loads G+20 Building, combination, response etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue with complex medical, social, and emotional dimensions. Social workers play a vital role in addressing the multifaceted challenges of this epidemic by providing care, fostering advocacy, and promoting prevention. This paper delves into their contributions, including combating stigma, facilitating healthcare access, and engaging with affected communities. Through a qualitative exploration, the study underscores the transformative potential of social work in managing HIV/AIDS and identifies strategies to enhance their impact.

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HIV/AIDS ,Social Work ,Public Health ,Global Health Equity, Psychosocial Support, Stigma Reduction, Community Mobilization, Case Management, Resource Navigation Interdisciplinary Collaboration,Marginalized Communities Stigma, Discrimination ,Health Disparities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition