Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

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Eichhornia crassipes, Alternaria petroselini, bioherbicide, media optimization, phytotoxicity

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Emotional competence plays an important role in the teaching profession, particularly at the elementary level where teachers interact closely with young learners and influence their emotional and social development. Teachers with higher emotional competence are better able to understand students' feelings, manage classroom situations effectively, and create a supportive learning environment. The present study was conducted to examine the emotional competence of elementary school teachers in relation to gender and locale. The descriptive survey method was used for the investigation. A sample of 200 elementary school teachers was randomly selected from government elementary schools located in rural and urban areas of Bathinda district, Punjab. The Emotional Competence Scale developed by Dahiya and Gahlawat (2018) was used as the tool for data collection. The scale measures five dimensions of emotional competence: self-awareness, adaptability, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The collected data were analysed using the t-test to determine the significance of differences between groups. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in emotional competence among elementary school teachers with respect to gender and locale. The results indicated that male teachers scored higher on emotional competence than female teachers. Similarly, urban teachers showed higher emotional competence compared to rural teachers. The study highlights the importance of emotional competence in improving teaching effectiveness and maintaining healthy teacher-student relationships. The findings suggest that training programmes and professional development workshops should be organised to enhance the emotional competence of teachers, especially those working in rural schools. Strengthening teachers' emotional skills can contribute to better classroom management, improved student engagement, and a more positive educational environment.

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Emotional Competence, Elementary School Teachers, Gender Differences, Locale (Rural and Urban), Emotional Intelligence, Teacher Effectiveness, Classroom Environment, Professional Development.

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Pranavaya - Medical-Yogic-Science and its Physician 'Yogi-Doctors': Part 1: Story, Historical Figures, Linking Pranavaya, Yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha

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Pranavaya - Medical-Yogic-Science and its Physician 'Yogi-Doctors': Part 1: Story, Historical Figures, Linking Pranavaya, Yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Occupational stress, relaxation techniques, corporate workers, progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, mental health nursing

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Traditional values persist, especially in tribal and patriarchal societies, but the roles of women and men have undergone gradual changes in modern times. This study examines perceptions of masculinity in a contemporary tribal society. It is a qualitative study with primary data collected from the Mizos of Mizoram, India. The data were analyzed using Anthropac software. The study investigated how masculinity is defined and the traits attributed to men. While both genders expect a Mizo male to be responsible and reliable, there are gendered differences in perceptions: Men focus more on physical qualities, while women emphasize family responsibilities.

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Masculinity, Gender, Male roles, Unmanly

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The pursuit of social justice is a central commitment of the Indian Constitution, and the judiciary has emerged as a crucial institution in translating this commitment into lived realities for marginalised communities. Among the most historically excluded groups are transgender and gender-diverse persons, collectively referred to as the third gender. This paper critically examines the role of the Indian judiciary in advancing social justice for the third gender, with special reference to the landmark decision in National Legal Services Authority v Union of India (2014). The analysis is situated within theoretical perspectives of justice, including distributive, corrective, procedural, and recognition-based justice, and is further contextualised within the liberal world order's emphasis on human rights, dignity, and individual autonomy. The paper also explores India's ancient cultural and civilisational recognition of gender plurality, challenging the notion that third-gender rights are a modern or Western import. It argues that NALSA represents a transformative moment in Indian constitutional jurisprudence, though significant gaps remain between judicial recognition and social reality.

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Third Gender, Social Justice, Judiciary, NALSA, Constitutional Morality, Liberal World Order

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The increasing complexity of artificial intelligence models has significantly amplified the demand for high-performance computing systems. Conventional electronic processors such as CPUs and GPUs face critical limitations related to power consumption, heat generation, and data movement bottlenecks. These challenges restrict the scalability of modern deep learning applications. Photonic Neural Networks (PNNs) have emerged as a promising alternative that utilizes optical signals instead of electrical currents to perform neural computations. By exploiting the high speed and parallel nature of light propagation, photonic systems can perform matrix operations with extremely low latency and energy consumption. This paper explores the architecture and operational principles of hybrid photonic neural networks designed for ultra-fast AI acceleration. The study discusses optical matrix multiplication, silicon photonic integration, system advantages, and technical challenges associated with photonic AI hardware. The analysis indicates that hybrid photonic computing architectures can significantly enhance computational speed while reducing energy usage compared to conventional electronic processors. These capabilities make photonic neural networks a promising technology for next-generation artificial intelligence systems.

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Photonic Neural Networks, Optical Computing, Silicon Photonics, Artificial Intelligence Acceleration, Energy-Efficient Computing, Optical Matrix Multiplication

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Narrative authority often shifts when literary texts are adapted into visual media, as storytelling moves from the controlled structure of written narration to the interpretive possibilities of film and television. This shift typically occurs because visual media rely less on verbal narration and more on images, performance, and cinematic perspective to convey meaning. As a result, authority that once belonged to a narrator or narrative structure in the text may be redistributed among characters, directors, and visual framing. This paper examines this transformation through the digital and visual adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In the original Sherlock Holmes stories, narrative authority is largely mediated through Dr. Watson, whose role as narrator shapes the reader's understanding of Holmes's actions and maintains a certain narrative distance. Similarly, Frankenstein employs a layered narrative structure composed of letters and personal testimonies, distributing narrative authority across multiple voices and limiting direct access to events. However, when these works are adapted for film and television, their narrative frameworks are reconfigured to meet the demands of visual storytelling. Using a comparative approach, this study explores how narrative authority is redistributed in these adaptations. Many screen versions of Sherlock Holmes reduce Watson's narrative role and present Holmes directly through visual action and reasoning. Likewise, adaptations of Frankenstein often emphasize the creature's emotional presence, altering the moral focus of the narrative. The paper argues that visual adaptations do not merely reproduce literary texts but actively reinterpret them by shifting narrative authority within the storytelling process.

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Narrative Authority, Adaptation Studies, Digital Adaptation, Sherlock Holmes, Frankenstein, Visual Media, Literature-to-Screen Adaptation

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John Donne's poetry is seldom direct and melodious. Instead, it often sounds like someone vehemently arguing in a heated debate in a tone that is keen, curious and genuinely trying to convince someone irrespective of whether it is God, Death or a lover at the receiving end. His poems become the meeting point of logic and emotion. The present research explores Donne's juxtaposition of rhetorical devices in his metaphysical poetry. An analysis of some of his poems, for instance, 'A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning', 'The Flea', 'The Sun Rising', 'A Hymn to God the Father', 'Batter My Heart', 'Death Be Not Proud' and other poems, exhibit witty arguments, new insights, and unique conceits that persuade the readers to trust him unquestionably. The strong emotions are bedded in scientific proof. Paradox renders novelty and the facts serve as evidence for this claim. Donne's poetry thinks through feelings. This paved the way for a later generation of dramatic but intellectual poetry.

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John Donne; rhetoric; metaphysical poetry; conceit; apostrophe; paradox; persuasion

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Agricultural marketing channels usually consist of different types of intermediaries including village traders commission agents wholesalers; processors and retailers who may be involved in the following functions: grading; packaging; storage; transportation; and value-added services. Farmers who operate in traditional marketing channels rely upon numerous intermediaries because of limited access to the necessary infrastructure to support their needs and/or insufficient access to reliable and timely market information. As such, farmers have limited negotiating power when it comes to setting prices for their products and, therefore, only receive a small share of the final consumer price. In contrast to traditional marketing channels, organized marketing channels include cooperative marketing contract farming vertically integrated poultry firms etc. to provide a greater degree of coordination transparency and operational efficiency for both the producer and the consumer. The use of organized marketing channels will assist in stabilizing poultry prices maintaining poultry quality standards and providing consumers with a continuous supply of poultry products. Infrastructure development, particularly cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport are critical components in maintaining the freshness and reducing spoilage of poultry products. The use of digital marketing platforms and advanced market information systems by producers will improve farmers' access to markets and allow farmers to make more informed decisions.

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: Agricultural marketing, intermediaries, traditional channels, organized channels, contract farming, vertical integration, cold storage, digital marketing, price stability, farmer income.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition