Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Abstract Population distribution displays the spatial pattern of residential population in an area, while Density is a concentration of population per unit of an area. As distribution of population shows actual locational spread of population and population density expresses the ratio between number of people and land surface area. So in this paper Pali district has been selected as the study area for assessing the impacts of population distribution and population density at administrative macro and micro level units. Pali District's population distribution according to Census 2011, manifests uneven spatial and rural-urban population. This paper aimed to assess the impact of spatio-temporal pattern of population density on land use change. The conclusion of this study can facilitate planners to make appropriate area specific eco-tourism and extention of irrigation command plans for employment generation. Keywords : Population Distribution, Population density, irrigation, employment generation.

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 Keywords

Population Distribution, Population density, irrigation, employment generation.

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West Bengal has a historically notable district of Murshidabad that provides a unique example of exploring sustainable tourism in a district having rich cultural background. The Murshidabad district was the seat of the administrative capital of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha in Mughal period. Other remarkable buildings which present architectural and cultural splendour in the area are Hazarduari Palace, Katra Mosque, Nashipur Rajbari and Jagat Seth Museum. Although it has a rich cultural heritage, Murshidabad is still afflicted by various problems including poor conservation, poor infrastructure, minimal community participation as well as degradation of the environment. Such constraints have curtailed the capacity of the district to use tourism as a sustainable development vehicle. Nonetheless, future hopes are high as evidenced by new policy actions, historic conservation projects, ecotourism and community-based ventures. The present research is a combination of the field-based research and national and international best practices that are used to analyze the potential and obstacles that influence sustainable tourism in Murshidabad. To enhance tourist attraction without compromising on the ecological balance and cultural authenticity, it encourages an inclusive and collaborative model that involves the entities of public and private nature and incorporation of local stakeholders. Besides providing policy suggestions that are aimed at strengthening the status of Murshidabad as an example of the heritage-based sustainable development, the results contribute to the broader topic of sustainable tourist governance.

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 Keywords

Sustainable Tourism, Heritage Conservation, Community Based Tourism, Environmental Management, Murshidabad District.

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Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is an Ayurvedic adaptogen increasingly studied for stress/anxiety reduction and potential neuroprotective effects. This review critically examines phytochemistry, mechanisms, clinical evidence in stress and anxiety, preclinical and clinical evidence relevant to neurodegenerative disorders, and safety signals. Methods: We searched PubMed/PMC, ClinicalTrials.gov and major journals for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, preclinical neuroprotection studies and safety reports up to 2025. Selected high-quality RCTs, systematic reviews and mechanistic papers were prioritized. Results: Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses report reductions in perceived stress/anxiety and cortisol with ashwagandha extracts (typical doses 225-600 mg/day) versus placebo; effect sizes vary and risk of bias exists in several trials. Preclinical studies show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulation of HPA axis and direct neuronal effects of withanolides; some withanolides cross the blood-brain barrier and show benefit in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Safety data is generally favorable in short trials, but recent case series and pharmacovigilance reports describe rare herb-associated liver injury and possible thyroid effects. Conclusions: Evidence supports ashwagandha's anxiolytic and stress-reducing potential; neuroprotective findings are promising but largely preclinical with limited human data. Larger, standardized, long-term clinical trials and rigorous pharmacovigilance are needed before recommending ashwagandha routinely for neurodegenerative disorders.

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 Keywords

Ashwagandha; Withania somnifera; Stress; Neurodegeneration; Withanolides; Neuroprotection; Anxiety; Cognitive impairment. ________________________________________

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The present study examines the level of career awareness among secondary school students and explores differences based on gender and school locale. Adopting a descriptive survey method, the study was conducted on a stratified random sample of 125 students drawn from seven blocks of Coochbehar District, West Bengal. The findings reveal that the majority of students possess an average level of career awareness, with only a small proportion demonstrating very high awareness. Statistical analysis indicates no significant difference in career awareness between male and female students. However, a significant difference was observed between rural and urban students, with urban students exhibiting higher levels of career awareness. The study highlights the need for targeted career guidance interventions, particularly in rural areas, to ensure equitable access to career-related information and opportunities.

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 Keywords

Career Awareness, Secondary School Students

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Teachers in rural India face challenges like limited access to quality materials, heavy workloads, and language barriers. This paper presents Shiksha Sahaayak, an AI-powered Learning and Teaching Assistant designed to improve teaching in lowresource classrooms. The system has three modules: an Automatic Worksheet and Presentation Generator that creates curriculumbased materials using NLP and Large Language Models; a Multilingual Voice Assistant and Chatbot that offers real-time support in English, Hindi, and Marathi; and a Visual Attendance Tracker that uses computer vision and facial recognition for participation analysis. Built with Django, OpenCV, and HuggingFace APIs, the platform aims to lessen teacher workload, raise instructional quality, and promote inclusive education. This conceptual study highlights the design framework, the technologies used, and the expected impact, supporting future large-scale deployment in line with India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Rural Education, Multilingual Chatbot, Computer Vision, NLP, NEP 2020

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study takes into account the interaction between tribal identity and social mobility for the prominent tribal groups in Wayanad: the Paniya, Kurichya, Kuruma, Adiya, and Kattunaickan. Through a textual analysis of academic reports, official records, and ethnographic inventories, the analysis takes into account how education, economic change, and cultural adaptation affect mobility trends among these groups. The findings reveal dramatic contrasts: the Kurichya have achieved upward mobility through land ownership and education, while the Paniya and Adiya are marginalised by long-standing problems of illiteracy and poverty. Economic change from traditional forest livelihoods to wage labour and government schemes has dramatically improved tribal living standards, while cultural identity is increasingly shaped by mainstream social forces. The study explores the conflict between socioeconomic progress and cultural preservation, illustrating that some groups remain effective in integrating into modern society while others cannot maintain their distinctive heritage. These findings highlight the need for inclusive policy frameworks that promote tribal development without sacrificing cultural identity.

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 Keywords

Social mobility, Tribal identity, Wayanad tribes, Paniya, Kurichya, Adiya, Kattunaickan, Educational access, Economic transitions,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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: This paper presents CareNest, a role-based patient monitoring and management system developed to improve healthcare supervision through a secure and centralized digital platform. Conventional patient record management systems often rely on manual processes that lead to data redundancy, delayed communication, and limited accessibility. The proposed system introduces structured role-based access control to ensure that administrators, medical staff, and guardians can securely access and manage relevant information. CareNest enables medication monitoring, tablet history tracking, and restricted item management with real-time notification features to enhance transparency and communication. The system is implemented using modern web technologies and database management techniques to ensure scalability, data integrity, and operational efficiency. Experimental evaluation demonstrates improved accuracy, reduced manual errors, and faster information flow within healthcare environments. The proposed platform provides a reliable and scalable solution for institutions seeking efficient patient supervision and digital healthcare management.

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 Keywords

Patient Monitoring, Role-Based Access Control, Healthcare Management System, Real-Time Notification, Web Application, Digital Healthcare.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The integration of digital tools into school has redefined teaching and learning with a notable impact on science education at the secondary level.The integration of digital media content into science instruction has emerged as a significant pedagogical innovation in contemporary education. The present study examines the impact of digital content based science learning on the scientific creativity of secondary level students. Using an experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and retention measures, the study compares the performance of students exposed to digital media content with those taught through conventional instructional methods. The investigation also sought to determine whether the integration of digital media content into classroom instruction influences students' scientific creativity and whether such influence differs across sex and SES. Measurable improvements were observed within the experimental group across testing phases. The findings indicate that digital media content contributes positively to the development and sustenance of scientific creativity by enhancing engagement, conceptual understanding, and creative scientific expression but has no impact across Sex and SES. The study emphasizes the educational value of structured digital interventions in science learning and highlights their role in promoting higher order thinking skills among adolescents.

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 Keywords

Digital media content, Science Education, Scientific Creativity, Secondary school students, Experimental Study, Retention, Socio Economic Status (SES).

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By enabling brands to offer highly personalised experiences that increase engagement and loyalty, AI-driven personalisation is changing consumer-centric marketing. Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved into an essential resource for marketing strategies as consumer demand for tailored interactions expands and data-driven insights help to build more important brand-customer links. Emphasising its relevance for contemporary brand engagement, the paper investigates how artificial intelligence is transforming personalisation. Emphasising its impact on consumer engagement, this research aims to provide a thorough review of the present literature on AI-driven personalisation. The paper compiles data from several sources to examine how AI technologies such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and natural language processing improve marketing strategies by means of tailored advertising, personalised recommendations, and dynamic content distribution. This study uses journal studies and scholarly research articles for a meticulous examination of the literature. To ensure an in-depth examination of the topic, sources were selected for their relevance to AI-driven personalisation and brand interaction. Studies show that by developing deeper connections, increasing brand loyalty, and improving customer experiences, AI-driven personalisation greatly improves consumer-brand interactions. Still, major determinants of customer trust are data privacy concerns, questions of ethics, and algorithmic biases. This paper synthesises critical insights to improve comprehension of AI's function towards sustainable consumer-centric marketing and offers brands solutions to personalisation concerns. Future research should look at consumer opinions on trustworthy AI frameworks, consumer personalisation of AI, and the combination of AI with subsequent technologies to improve marketing methods

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 Keywords

Personalization, Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Brand Engagement, Sustainability, Consumer-Centric Marketing, Consumer-Brand interactions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Extraction of valuable bioactive compounds from plant matrices and food by-products is essential for developing value-added products in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. This study represents the various extraction techniques helps to extract the compound, majorly it classified into conventional (traditional solvent-based) and non-conventional (modern, often green) techniques. The traditional technique like maceration, percolation, soxhlet extraction are widely used, they often require longer extraction times, higher solvent volumes, and greater energy input. In contrast, non-conventional techniques including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), are presented as advanced, sustainable alternatives. These offer superior efficiency, reduced solvent and energy use, shorter times, better preservation of thermolabile compounds, and environmental benefits, though challenges like equipment costs and scale-up persist. The study also compares the sustainability, scalability, economic feasibility, and application potential of each method. Overall, the transition from conventional to innovative green extraction technologies reflects the growing demand for environmentally friendly, high-efficiency, and industrially viable processes for bioactive compound recovery.

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 Keywords

Bioactive compound, Extraction, Green Technology, Eco-friendly

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition