Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The growth of a globally interconnected society that is accessible for use and manipulation at the click of a button is a fact that is well-known and debated in common parlance. This progress in networking through the use of cyberspace, a platform where the boundaries are fluid and exist virtually, has continued to attract the attention of legal scholars and lawmakers alike. While the advantages are countless, the associated exposure to an entirely new category of crime, "cybercrime", and anti-competitive market practices by businesses that float through these mediums cannot be ignored. The abuse of dominance is predated by the two-step formula used alike by every major online corporation, whereby they first and foremost, acquire a large audience that relies on the services provided by them. Second, these internet-based corporations figure out how to profit from the clientele by justifying breaking the customary laws of business and exploiting loopholes or just defying the law, all of which typically serve as the source of unparalleled growth. This study primarily attempts to scrutinize the functioning of e-commerce retail websites by analyzing how through the control of the internet, sometimes by a sizable portion of the marketplace or the inventions, an unfair advantage is being gained by particular businesses at the cost of the customers as well as other competitors. The paper makes use of a multi-disciplinary approach where the operations of e-commerce platforms are analyzed by looking into the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 in addition to laws regulating competition in the market. The application of anti-trust and other IT law regulations is becoming increasingly complicated as innovations are made every passing second. Therefore, the speed with which the legislative process works, the increasing susceptibility of consumers to fall prey to cyber frauds and search engine biases that redirect them to websites that already enjoy a competitively advantageous position.

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 Keywords

E-commerce, cyberspace, retail, abuse of dominance, marketplace, cyber law, crime crimes, anti-competitive behaviour

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 Abstract

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) has been considered to be the most menacing eye-related disease which causes blindness or vision loss in the long run if not identified early. Because DR is not an irreversible procedure and only vision is preserved via care. Consequently, Early diagnosis and care with DR will significantly minimize the chance of vision loss. Thus an efficient computing method has to be employed to facilitate the detection of DR from retinal images. Digital image processing is one such method where it influences the medical field. In this paper, a DR detection technique, involving an artificial intelligence approach by utilizing a retinal image, where a funds image has been obtained from a patient's retina.

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 Keywords

Vision loss, Artificial intelligence, Diagnosis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the subtle yet transformative influence of feminist ideals in Jane Austen's novels, elucidating the ways in which her narratives challenges and subvert the societal norms of the early 19th century. Through a meticulous analysis of selected works, including "Pride and Prejudice," "Emma," "Sense and Sensibility", and "Persuasion" this study aims to unravel the multifaceted layers of feminism embedded in Austen's storytelling and character portrayals. The investigation begins by contextualizing Austen's literary environment within the constraints of the Regency era, delving into the prevalent gender roles and societal expectations that shaped the lives of women during this time. By employing feminist literary theory, this paper dissects Austen's narratives to identify instances where her characters, dialogue, and plot developments challenge the patriarchal structures and advocate for women's agency. The analysis extends beyond the explicit expressions of feminism to uncover the implicit nuances present in Austen's novels. By examining the choices made by female characters, their relationships, and the commentary on societal expectations, this paper reveals the subversive nature of Austen's writings, positioning her as an unexpected champion of feminist ideals. Furthermore, the study explores the reception of Austen's novels over time, considering how changing societal attitudes and feminist movements have influenced interpretations of her work. The paper discusses the on-going relevance of Austen's feminist themes and their impact on contemporary readers, emphasizing the enduring importance of her contributions to the broader discourse on gender equality.

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 Keywords

feminism, gender roles, empowerment, Regency era, literary analysis, societal norms, women's agency, reception studies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

"Currently, the escalation of traffic congestion and accidents stands as a significant challenge. Many drivers disregard traffic regulations, exacerbating the issue. Consequently, effective vehicle monitoring measures are imperative. Urban areas, in particular, grapple with severe traffic problems, a trend that extends to second-tier cities. Implementing surveillance systems becomes indispensable to mitigate delays and prevent accidents. Our project focuses on monitoring vehicle traffic. Specifically, we employ a vehicle speed detection system to achieve this goal. By analyzing captured video footage, we estimate vehicle speeds. This process involves vehicle detection within the video frames, followed by centroid analysis to calculate distances. Leveraging image processing and computer vision techniques, we achieve efficient monitoring and speed determination. Notably, our methods exhibit superior accuracy and processing speeds compared to existing techniques. With the burgeoning population leading to a corresponding increase in vehicular traffic, surveillance systems that rely on video capture and processing for speed determination emerge as critical tools to curb accidents and alleviate traffic congestion. The primary components of our vehicle speed detection process encompass background model establishment and updating, moving target detection, vehicle centroid localization, and motion speed calculation."

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Guided by Professor Khanvilkar A.R.

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The study investigates the relevance of water crises on the academic performance of pupils of selected secondary schools in the east district of Freetown, Calabatown. To achieve this purpose, five research questions guided the study. The study adopted the survey research design. The population comprised Pupils of selected schools, teachers, community members, and SALWACO. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select the sample which comprised 100 respondents 25 from each category. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages, while the qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study found among others, that many out of the 100 respondents contacted, about 85% of respondents stated that, the availability of water had extreme relevance to improving students' performances in schools around the Calabatown-wellington axis and beyond. About 5% stated that it is just relevant while 10% stated that it had been fairly relevant. 98% of the respondents stated a 'Yes' indeed, there had been impacts created by the current water scarcity in the area whilst the other 2% denied this submission to having impacts within the Calabatown periphery. Out of 100 respondents, about 95% respondents had confirmed that there had been challenges faced in tackling the problems while the other 5% stated that, there had not been any challenges. Out of the 100 respondents reached, about 49 of these respondents stated yes, that there had been mechanisms to combat this issue and the other 51% stated that there had not been any mechanism to respond to the challenges faced. Based on the responses above, it could be noticed that 40% of respondents stated the structure had been fairly effective, with lower percentages for other options.

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 Keywords

Crises, Performance, Water, School.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores Raja Ram Mohan Roy as a remarkable finger for women's empowerment in 18th-century India and the ripple effect continue till 21st' century. It analyzes his multiple complexes reforms - fighting Sati, advocating for education, and promoting widow remarriage - that challenged social norms. While highlighting his advanced influence on subsequent legislation in India like The Hindu Marriage Act (1955), the study acknowledges potential gaps. Roy's focus on Bengal and limitations in reaching beyond upper-caste women warrant further investigation. Examining the long-term evolution of his ideas would provide benchmar understanding. Raja Ram Mohan Roy's legacy remains significant, inspiring ongoing struggles for gender equality in India.

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 Keywords

Raja Ram Mohan Roy,Women's empowerment, Social Reformer,Legislative reforms,Women Education,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The most popular theories of capital structure are Trade-off theory, Pecking Order theory and Market Timing Theory. Most of the studies on capital structure decisions are in context of developed nations whereas on developing nations, only few studies have been conducted. Out of them, there were hardly any studies that supported the empirical evidence of market timing theory especially in context of Indian market. So the present study attempts to test whether Indian firms time the market or not. Further, the study focuses on Indian manufacturing companies that went public or issued equity during the period 2003-2022. The sample consists of 316 manufacturing firms that are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange. Using Baker and Wurgler's model of market timing theory, the capital structure of the companies has been examined around their IPO years, taking the number of years since their IPO constant. The findings of the study revealed that Indian firm do time the market but not blindly and profitability is the key internal variable on which the companies rely the most.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Capital Structure Theories, Equity Market Timing, Indian Manufacturing Companies, Initial Public Offerings

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The World Health Organisation defines drug utilization evaluation as the study of the social, medical, and economic effects of pharmaceutical marketing, distribution, prescription, and use in society. Our study's objective is to examine the drug use patterns of a pediatric patient population in a hospital using the World Health Organization prescription indicators. Drug usage studies are one possible instrument for assessing the quality of the healthcare system. Drug Utilization Studies are therefore carried out to encourage drug usage in communities reasonably. This paper's primary goal is to enlighten readers about the sensible use of medication in outpatient and inpatient departments, with a focus on drug utilization evaluation. Additionally, it raises awareness among academicians, researchers, chemists, nurses, and healthcare professionals about how to lessen the irrationality of pharmaceuticals. The method used to compile this review information is gathered from websites, Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, Wiley Online Library, and Elsevier.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drug utilization, Polypharmacy, Anti-microbial, Prescriptions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal tea, composed of various herbs derived from leaves, seeds, and roots of different plants, is often misunderstood as being sourced from traditional tea plants. In reality, these concoctions are better described as "tisanes." There exists a diverse array of tisanes, each renowned for its therapeutic attributes. Some are prized for their invigorating qualities, aiding in relaxation, alleviating digestive issues, and bolstering the immune system. Among the well-known herbal teas are black herbal tea, herbal green tea, herbal chamomile, herbal ginger, herbal ginseng, peppermint, and cinnamon. Certain herbal teas possess potent healing properties; for instance, astragalus, a Chinese herb, boasts antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, offering support to individuals with conditions like HIV and AIDS. While scientists continue to explore and confirm the health advantages of consuming herbal teas, they have found little evidence of harm associated with their consumption.

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 Keywords

Camellia Sinensis, tisanes, Historic herbal remedy, Modern day discoveries, medical benefits, ailments, benefits, drawbacks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In India, approximately 8.6% of the population falls under the category of "scheduled tribes," spread across 705 districts nationwide. Among these, tribal communities hold significant presence in states like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, West Bengal, the Northeastern states, as well as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This study delves into the health-seeking behaviors of Koya tribe women, an indigenous group residing across various regions of India. Despite playing crucial roles in familial and societal well-being, the healthcare practices of Koya women have received limited exploration. Employing a mixed-methods approach involving qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this research investigates the determinants influencing health-seeking behaviors among Koya women. Factors such as cultural norms, traditional beliefs, socio-economic status, and accessibility to healthcare facilities are analyzed. The findings unveil a complex interaction between traditional healing methods and the utilization of modern healthcare services among Koya women. While traditional remedies and spiritual practices remain significant in health management, there's an increasing acceptance of modern healthcare services within the community. However, challenges like restricted access to healthcare facilities, financial limitations, and cultural preferences significantly influence the healthcare-seeking decisions of Koya women. The study emphasizes the necessity for culturally sensitive interventions to bridge the gap between traditional and modern healthcare systems. Through collaboration with community leaders and stakeholders, policymakers and healthcare providers can devise targeted strategies to enhance healthcare accessibility and promote well-being among Koya tribe women. This research contributes to a deeper comprehension of healthcare dynamics within indigenous communities, advocating for context-specific approaches to effectively address healthcare disparities

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 Keywords

Traditional Medicine, Tribal population, Health seeking behavior, Health seeking behavior of tribal population.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition