Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

A Water Monopole Antenna is a specialized communication system designed for submarine applications, enabling effective underwater signal transmission and reception. Traditional antennas struggle with high signal attenuation in water, making water monopole antennas a promising solution for improved communication. This project focuses on the design, development, and implementation of a water monopole antenna integrated with transmitter and receiver software for seamless data exchange. The system enhances underwater radio frequency (RF) communication, minimizing interference and improving signal clarity. The transmitter module ensures reliable data encoding and transmission, while the receiver software efficiently decodes signals with minimal loss. The project incorporates advanced signal processing algorithms and software-defined radio (SDR) techniques to optimize performance. Key benefits include enhanced data rates, extended communication range, and operational efficiency in challenging underwater environments. This innovation plays a crucial role in submarine navigation, defense operations, and deep-sea exploration, offering a robust alternative to traditional underwater communication systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hydroacoustic Communication,Submarine RF Transmission, Underwater Signal Processing, Monopole Antenna Design, Acoustic Modem Software

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?Multiplication is a key fundamental function for many error tolerant applications.Approximate multiplication is considered to be an efficient technique for trading off energy against performance and accuracy. ?Our approach is to introduces a term representing power and accuracy requirements which simplifies the partial product reduction component as needed and it is designed using adder and compressor. ?The proposed 32-bit multiplier design achieves reduction in power consumption, increase in speed as compared to conventional exact multipliers while maintaining acceptable accuracy levels. ?The proposed multiplier is developed using Verilog HDL and implemented using Xilinx ISE software.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multiplication, Approximate tree compressor, Carry save adder, Carry maskable adder, Multiplier

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the influence of fintech adoption on social value creation within entrepreneurial ecosystems, particularly among base-of-pyramid entrepreneurs. The research explores four key fintech components--mobile money, digital payments, crowdfunding, and fintech lending--to assess their impact on financial accessibility and economic participation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 150 respondents across different regions of India. The regression analysis revealed a strong model fit, with an R-squared value of 0.832, indicating that fintech adoption significantly explains variations in social value creation. Mobile money demonstrated the highest impact, followed by crowdfunding and digital payments, while fintech lending had a comparatively lower yet significant influence. The findings suggest that fintech adoption fosters financial inclusion, enhances economic opportunities, and contributes to entrepreneurial development, thereby reinforcing its role in shaping sustainable and inclusive business environments. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and entrepreneurs on leveraging fintech innovations for societal progress.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

usage of fintech, mobile money (MM), digital payments (DP), fintech lending (FL), and crowdfunding (CF), Social Value Creation (SVC), Base of Pyramid Entrepreneur (BOP), Entrepreneur Ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Contraceptive use is a crucial aspect of reproductive health and family planning, significantly influencing maternal and child well-being. This study examines the prevalence of contraceptive use and the unmet need for family planning among eligible couples in West Bengal. By analysing socio-economic factors, educational background, cultural influences, and accessibility to contraceptive methods, the research identifies key barriers and facilitators affecting contraceptive adoption. The study highlights persistent challenges, including socio-economic disparities, misinformation, and limited healthcare access, which continue to hinder effective contraceptive use. Despite awareness initiatives and available services, a significant unmet need remains. The findings underscore the importance of a multi-faceted approach, incorporating improved educational campaigns, enhanced healthcare infrastructure, and policy interventions to bridge these gaps. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare providers, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to improve family planning services. Addressing the identified barriers can lead to more informed reproductive choices, ultimately improving the overall health outcomes in West Bengal.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Contraceptive use, Family planning, Reproductive health, unmet need, Socio-economic factors, Healthcare access, Educational background, Cultural influences, Policy interventions, West Bengal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

All humans are born free and every human being has certain inalienable, eternal, and universal natural rights. These rights are considered as fundamental human rights, providing assurance of equality in dignity. The basic rights of all humans include the right to life, equality, liberty, thought and speech, protection from exploitation, and security. From Sophocles 'Antigone' in 441 BC to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 AD, we may trace the growth of human rights around the world. On December 9, 1975, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the "Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons", which was marked as the beginning of campaign to safeguard the rights of disabled people. Historically, there has been a troubling trend of discrimination against disabled people including denial of rights, exclusion, or restriction as well as preference. Unquestionably, this kind of prejudice has a serious and profound effect on a variety of areas, notably work, health, education, service accessibility, and many more. When disability-based prejudice interacts with discrimination based on social, cultural, gender, and caste, things get more complicated. The researcher has attempted to illustrate a progressive change with respect to the legal and social perspective on protection for the disabled. The paper starts with a succinct summary of the several jurisprudential perspectives that examine the legal and social responsibilities pertaining to people with disabilities, as well as the paradigm shifts that have occurred over time. Following this discussion of the evolving boundaries of international disability laws, the paper will examine how the Indian perspective on these laws has progressively developed, with focus on the "Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2011".

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disabled Persons, Indian Constitution, UN Convention, Legislation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study compares the efficacy of inclusive business (IB) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies in developing nations in tackling important socioeconomic issues like sustainable development, economic inclusion, and poverty alleviation. CSR has always prioritized voluntary philanthropic efforts and community welfare, has been widely adopted by businesses to enhance their social impact. However, its long-term effectiveness and alignment with core business operations have been questioned. In contrast, Inclusive Business integrates low-income and marginalized communities directly into business value chains as suppliers, consumers, and employees, fostering both profitability and social progress. Using case studies and empirical data, the research explores the relative impact, sustainability, and scalability of both approaches. The findings suggest that while CSR initiatives often provide short-term community benefits, Inclusive Business offers a more sustainable and inclusive model for economic empowerment and poverty alleviation, particularly in resource-constrained and underserved regions. This study contributes to the discourse on how businesses can more effectively support sustainable development goals by aligning their strategies with the needs of local co `mmunities in developing economies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Inclusive Business (IB), Poverty Alleviation, Economic Inclusion, Marginalized Communities, Social Impact, Business value chains, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Freedom of speech and expression is often viewed as the foundation of all liberties, as it embodies the spirit of a free and democratic society. It is considered the primary right essential for an individual's self-development. Democracy is highly valued, in large part, due to the presence of this fundamental freedom. Across the world, 'freedom of speech and expression' has been granted paramount importance, with limitations permitted only through legally established procedures. Among the various restrictions on free speech, sedition laws serve as a mechanism to curb expression in the interest of maintaining public order. However, sedition is not explicitly listed as a ground for restricting 'freedom of speech and expression.' The sedition law in India, originally introduced under colonial rule, has been a issue of intense debate due to its implications on free speech and its alleged misuse. With the introduction of the 'Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS)', which seeks to substitute the 'Indian Penal Code (IPC)', the provisions addressing sedition have undergone significant re-evaluation. This study follows a doctrinal approach and focuses on analyzing the legal framework governing free speech, with a particular emphasis on sedition laws in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This research also aims to analyze the transformation of sedition law from its colonial origins to its current form in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sedition, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Separatist Sentiments, Sovereignty, Unity, Integrity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 presents challenges in enabling communication between devices that use both protocols. This project focuses on the implementation and performance evaluation of NAT64 using RIPE Atlas. Using RIPE Atlas probes, we will measure latency, packet loss, and reachability across global networks. NAT64 serves as a solution to facilitate communication by translating IPv6 addresses to IPv4 addresses. Our research will assess the effectiveness of NAT64, identify its limitations, and propose optimizations to enhance cross-protocol communication. NAT64 enables devices that use IPv6 to access IPv4-only resources and vice versa, allowing IPv4 devices to reach IPv6-only services

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NAT64, IPv6-to-IPv4 Transition, Cross-Protocol Communication

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to process analyze, and infer patterns from data introduces risks of unintended data exposure, discrimination, and misuse of personal information. As AI technologies advance, they present fundamental privacy challenges alongside transformative opportunities. AI systems, powered by vast amounts of data, have the potential to revolutionize industries, improve services, and enhance user experiences. However, this progress raises serious concerns about the erosion of personal privacy, surveillance, and the security of sensitive information. This study examines the intricate relationship between privacy and AI, along with the ways existing privacy frameworks are being modified and tested to address these new challenges. The ethical ramifications of AI systems and the role of regulation in defending individual rights are also assessed. The study suggests methods for achieving a balance between privacy protection and innovation, including enforcing stricter data governance regulations, promoting privacy- preserving technologies like federated learning and differential privacy, and ensuring transparency in AI decision-making. Ultimately, cooperation between technology developers, regulators, and society will determine the future of privacy in the AI era, ensuring that advancements in AI align with the protection of individual privacy and fundamental human rights.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Right to Privacy, Artificial Intelligence, Regulation, Society, Individual privacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The herbal cosmetics are those when natural herbs and their products used for their aromatic value in cosmetic preparation among consumers for herbal products triggered the demand for natural products and natural extracts in cosmetics preparations. Lotions are liquid preparations meant for external application without friction. They are applied directly to skin with the help of some absorbent material, such as, cotton wool or gauze soaked in it. Formulation of aloe vera lotion, formulation of menthol lotion and aloe vera lotion with arrow root powder is prepared using different composition.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

White strawberry,alovera gel,coconut oil,shea butter,vitamin e oil,glycerin,calendula oil.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition