Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The fast growth of wireless communication technologies, such as mobile networks, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, satellite communications, and new 5G/6G infrastructures, has led to a huge demand for limited radio frequency spectrum resources. Conventional solutions for spectrum management depend on fixed allocation policies and manual monitoring methods which often cannot sufficiently cope with the complexity and dynamicity of modern wireless environments. To cope up with these challenges, this study proposes an intelligent spectrum management framework by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data analytics for efficient spectrum monitoring, analysis and allocation. The proposed system collects and process huge amount of real-time and historical data from multiple communications. Advanced data preprocessing and analytics techniques are used to identify the spectrum usage patterns and to detect interference and channel occupancy. Machine learning algorithms are used to predict future spectrum demand, classify usage behaviour and optimise resource allocation decisions. In addition, a web-based monitoring platform is built to give regulatory bodies and network operators realtime dashboards, predictive analytics, automated reporting and decision-support functionalities. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework enhances the spectrum utilisation efficiency, increases the accuracy of interference detection, and enables proactive spectrum management. The results indicate that the integration of AI and Big Data technologies can realise intelligent and adaptive spectrum governance, which can reduce the complexity of operation and maximise resource utilisation. This approach is a scalable and data-driven solution for next generation wireless communication systems and regulatory spectrum management applications.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, Spectrum Management, Machine Learning, Wireless Communications.

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 Abstract

Bouddha Dharma is based on the foundation of man and mind. It has done away with the superstition of God, soul, infallibility, sacrifices, worship, ceremonies, rites and rituals. Instead it discovers analyses and reasons the existence of facts, truths and knowledge. The doctrine of Nama-rupa is the logical negation of soul. Salvation is for man, not for soul, it is here and now and not after death. Truth is tested by perception and inference. This world is declared to be true and not illusion. Bouddha Dharma is a Dharma of faith and philosophy propagated by Gautama Buddha. It is the philosophy of life in the apparent sense. Sacrifice, loving-kindness and compassion, and wisdom are the three essential value of his life. The Dhammapada helps to understand the subject of Bouddha Dharma and the philosophical realization of the Gautama Buddha. Dhammapada is the compilation of religion principles. Bouddha Dharma is basically a principled Dharma. That principled Dharma has been described in the Dhammapada texts.

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 Keywords

Dharma, Dhamma, Nirvana, Prajna, Dukkha

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Dr. Ambedkar's concept has been used as a source of understanding the Dharma in humanistic perspective and a religious framework has been formed on the basis of his unique thoughts. We try to discuss his experience related to Dharma and then gradually reach his theory of Dharma; ultimately we prove that Dr. Ambedkar's theory is a unique idea of Dharma. He has presented a new interpretation of the current theory of Dharma and has actually struggled till the last day of his life for its application.

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 Keywords

Dharma, Dhamma, Karuna, Nirvana, Neo-Buddhism, Varna Vyavasta, Buddhist Socialism, Navayana, Hunanism, Equality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Alternative fuel, Beema bamboo, cement kilns, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calorific value, ash composition, biomass co-firing, decarbonization

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Homestay tourism has emerged as an important strategy for promoting sustainable rural development in Uttarakhand. The state's scenic landscapes, religious destinations, and rich cultural heritage have attracted a growing number of domestic and international tourists seeking authentic local experiences. This study examines the economic impact of homestay tourism on rural livelihoods during 2024-25. The paper explores how homestays contribute to household income, employment generation, women's empowerment, entrepreneurship, and the preservation of local culture. It also discusses the challenges faced by homestay operators, including inadequate infrastructure, seasonal demand, limited marketing, and skill gaps. The study concludes that homestay tourism has become a significant source of rural economic diversification and recommends policy interventions to strengthen its long-term sustainability.

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 Keywords

Homestay tourism, Rural livelihoods, Sustainable tourism, Uttarakhand, Rural development, Local economy

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 Abstract

Swayam Sahayata Samuhon Ki Gramin Mahilaon Ke Samajik Sanskritik Sashaktikaran Evam Nirnay Lene Ki Kshamata Men Bhumika Ek Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan

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Swayam Sahayata Samuhon Ki Gramin Mahilaon Ke Samajik Sanskritik Sashaktikaran Evam Nirnay Lene Ki Kshamata Men Bhumika Ek Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the process of replacing manualized and error-prone network configuration approaches with a sound automated governance model in one of the tier-one telecommunication companies. In the past, telecom environments of large scale size has been faced with chaos of manual updates, configuration drift, and high turnover of human caused outages. The current study is based on a detailed data sample that has 426 discrete network change events observed within a period of 12 months. The paper adopts an architectural mixed methodology where Python-based orchestration engines, Ansible configuration management and purposeful telemetry are used to validate in real-time. The study shows a drastic decrease in the mean time to implement changes and huge increase in first-time success rates by having an end-to-end automated pipeline. The results indicate that automated governance does not only make operations leaner, but also leaves a verifiable audit trail which is required in state compliance. In the present paper, the architectural change, the implementation of automated precheck and post-check procedures, and the performance indicators they bring about are described as confirming the transition to an autonomous network operator.

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 Keywords

Network Automation, Telecom Governance, Configuration Management, Change Orchestration, Operational Efficiency.

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This article traces the long agrarian history of Sikkim from the feudal structures of the Namgyal monarchy through colonial reordering under British political officers, the peasant uprisings of the 1940s, and the successive waves of land legislation that followed integration into the Indian Union in 1975. Drawing on primary archival sources, census records, legislative texts, and the works authored by Subba, Chakrabarti, Vandelhelsken, and others, the article advances three critical arguments. First, Sikkim's pre-colonial agrarian order was not a simple despotism but a layered system of delegated sovereignty in which ethnic identity, religious privilege, and spatial distance from the palace capital shaped the conditions of peasant exploitation in complex ways. Second, colonial intervention under the East India Company and subsequent British political officers did not dismantle this feudalism but instrumentalized and partially reconfigured it, substituting regulated extraction for unregulated tribute while opening the territory to Nepalese migrant labour that fundamentally transformed the ethnic composition and agrarian class structure of the state. Third, post-independence and post-merger land reforms, despite their legislative ambition, remained structurally incomplete because ceiling legislation was confined to agricultural land and did not touch the vast non-agricultural holdings of the former 'kazis' (landed elites), leaving the social foundations of the old, landed elite largely intact. The article concludes by situating Sikkim's agrarian trajectory within broader debates on the relationship between colonial property regimes, ethnic pluralism, and the limits of post-colonial land reform in the South Asian Himalayan borderlands.

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Sikkim, agrarian history, feudalism, land reform, British colonialism, peasant resistance, post-merger legislation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A study of the problem of child labour in the unorganised sector of India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A study of the problem of child labour in the unorganised sector of India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition