Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Santalum album is a tree species that belongs to the family Santalaceae. It is a medium-sized hemiparasitic tree. Though the plant has a well-developed tap root system to draw nutrients from the soil, it requires a host plant for its growth and development. White sandalwood plants have the ability to naturally adapt wide range of edaphic factors as well as diverse agroclimatic conditions, with the exception of damp and extremely cold areas. Excess water in the soil or waterlogged areas are very much unfavourable for white sandalwood as excess water causes mechanical damage or decay of tap roots. Santalum album prefers slightly alkaline laterite soil to grow. Bankura, Purulia, Midnapore, Burdwan, Birbhum are the prime sites for mass cultivation of white sandalwood because the soil components of these locations meet all the essential mineral elements for perfect growth of the plant. The aims and objectives of this study are to analyse the different edaphic factors, their quantity as well as their quantity in the soil, and to standardise their optimum quantity required by the Santalum album for its proper growth.

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 Keywords

Hemiparasite, Agroclimate, Edaphic factors, Mass cultivation etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The growing use of smart surveillance systems has made people very worried about public safety, real-time monitoring, and quick responses to emergencies. Traditional monitoring systems depend a lot on people to watch over things, which is not very effective, can lead to mistakes, and can't take quick action when things go wrong. These systems also don't have features like automation, scalability, and real-time alerts. This paper describes a Real-Time Violence Detection System that uses machine learning and computer vision to automatically find violent actions in video streams. The system takes live or recorded video input, breaks it down into frames, and uses deep learning models to find patterns and decide if actions are violent or not. When the system sees violence, it sends an automated email alert to the appropriate authorities or users right away, making sure that they can respond and intervene quickly.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), MobileNetV2, TensorFlow & Keras

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The Smart Wearable Finder Tracking System is an IoT-based solution designed to provide real-time tracking and object detection for enhanced user safety. The system utilizes sensors to detect nearby objects and a microcontroller such as ESP32 to process data and control operations. Tracking is achieved using GPS or Bluetooth technology, enabling users to locate lost or misplaced items efficiently. The system also incorporates wireless communication to transmit data to a mobile device for remote monitoring. In case of object detection or when the device moves out of range, alert mechanisms such as buzzers or vibration motors are activated. The proposed system is compact, cost-effective, and user-friendly, making it suitable for personal safety and tracking applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Internet of things(iot) , Smart Wearable system, Real time tracking

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid growth of digital technology and online shopping has changed the way businesses reach customers. However, many local and small businesses still struggle to compete with larger online marketplaces due to limited digital presence and technical resources. This research focuses on the development of an e-commerce website specifically designed to promote and support local businesses by providing them with a simple online platform to display and sell their products. This study examines the design, development, and implementation of a user-friendly e-commerce system that enables local sellers to register, manage products, process orders, and communicate with customers efficiently. The proposed platform includes essential features such as product catalog management, secure payment gateway, order tracking, and customer feedback mechanisms. Modern web technologies and responsive design principles are applied to ensure accessibility on multiple devices. By enabling local businesses to participate in the digital economy, this platform helps expand their market reach, improve customer interactions, and support community-based economic growth. The study also examines the technical frameworks, system architectures, and implementation strategies used to develop the website. These results show that such e-commerce platforms can significantly increase the visibility and sustainability of local industries, while also making locally produced goods easily available to consumers. Overall, this research highlights how a well-designed e-commerce system can empower local businesses, strengthen local economies, and contribute to inclusive digital transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

E-Commerce, Local Business, User Experience, Small Business Digitalization, Database Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sinclair Lewis's novel "Dodsworth" (1929) offers a scathing critique of American capitalism and the excesses of material wealth during the Roaring Twenties. Through the protagonist Sam Dodsworth's journey, Lewis exposes the emptiness and superficiality of a society obsessed with wealth, status, and luxury. This paper examines how Lewis's novel critiques the excesses of American capitalism, highlighting the tensions between old and new values, the commodification of relationships, and the search for meaning in a materialistic world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sinclair Lewis, Dodsworth, capitalism, materialism, American Dream, satire, wealth, identity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper analyses the contribution of subnational actors to India's climate governance during the post-Paris Agreement period, from 2015 to 2025. The research design employed in the study is qualitative and descriptive, utilising only secondary sources, including policy reports, State Action Plans on Climate Change, and national urban missions. Under the framework of Multi-Level Governance, one can find that although Indian states and cities have been mainstreaming climate action, their impact has been limited by financial reliance, institutional capacity lapse and limitation of coordination. Enhancing multi-level alignment and empowering sub-national institutions are essential towards the attainment of Indian climate commitments.

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 Keywords

Climate Governance, Subnational Actors, Paris Agreement, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Implant design features may influence peri-implant tissue response and long-term success. Aim: To compare peri-implant soft and hard tissue changes between micro-threaded implants with a coronal cutting flute (NeO) and double-threaded implants without cutting flutes (SPI). Materials and Methods: Ten subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Clinical parameters (PI, GI, mSBI, PPD) and radiographic crestal bone levels were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Results: Both groups showed improvement in clinical parameters and acceptable crestal bone loss. No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both implant systems demonstrated comparable short-term peri-implant tissue responses.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dental implants, crestal bone loss, peri-implant tissues, implant design

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Building upon the foundational insights from "Empowering Women Leaders through Financial Literacy: A Management Framework for Inclusive Growth," this review further explores the intersection of women's empowerment and economic policy by examining the role of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in fostering inclusive economic development. The previous work underscored the importance of financial literacy in empowering women leaders, enabling them to navigate financial systems and make informed economic decisions. In this study, GST, as a transformative tax reform, is analyzed for its impact on the formalization, market access, and scalability of women-led enterprises, especially in sectors such as handicrafts, textiles, and indigenous services, where women are significant economic contributors. GST has enhanced transparency and facilitated integration into national markets, yet it also poses challenges, including compliance complexity, digital exclusion, and inadequate institutional support. This paper argues that for GST to fully empower women entrepreneurs, it must be aligned with gender-responsive fiscal policies, shaped by the principles of financial literacy. Such alignment can address the barriers faced by women, enabling them to thrive in both formal and traditional sectors. The study concludes by offering policy recommendations designed to bridge systemic gaps, support women in overcoming obstacles, and enhance their economic participation in India's rapidly evolving economic landscape.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women Entrepreneurship; Goods and Services Tax (GST); Economic Empowerment; Financial Inclusion; Gender-Responsive Policy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The fast fashion industry has engendered an ecological and socio-cultural crisis of global proportions, with India -- as both a major textile producer and a rapidly expanding consumer market -- occupying a paradoxical position at its centre. This paper critically examines the philosophy of slow fashion as a counter-hegemonic movement, analysing its intersections with Indian consumer behaviour, indigenous craft traditions, and design ethics. Drawing on an interdisciplinary framework that incorporates sustainability studies, postcolonial theory, and consumer culture analysis, the paper argues that slow fashion, rather than being a Western luxury import, is intrinsically aligned with India's deep-rooted traditions of frugality, craft heritage, and community-based production. The study explores how movements such as Khadi revivalism, the handloom sector, and zero-waste textile practices represent endogenous forms of slow fashion that predate the contemporary global discourse. It further examines the barriers to its adoption among Indian middle-class and Gen-Z consumers, the role of design philosophy in mediating sustainable choices, and how policy frameworks, including the National Textiles Policy, can amplify or inhibit the slow fashion transition. The paper concludes that repositioning slow fashion through a culturally resonant, indigenised lens is essential for meaningful adoption in the Indian context, and that design education has a central role to play in this transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

slow fashion, fast fashion critique, Indian textile heritage, consumer sustainability, Khadi, design ethics, postcolonial sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in fashion marketing has also revolutionized how brands connect with their customers, forecast trends and status in very competitive markets. In comparison to the classical approaches, AI provides marketers with high-tech equipment of personalization, visual intelligence, conversation, and predictive analytics. These technologies make it possible to have dynamic recommendation systems, virtual try on systems, sentiment analysis through social media, and AI chatbots that all lead to an improved customer experience and brand loyalty. At the same time, predicting demand, stock optimization, and sustainability practices are among the most significant topics in business that are improved through the use of AI-powered forecasting and data analytics, which are becoming more significant due to an industry with a heavy focus on excessive production and waste. The current review is based on the new knowledge of AI application in fashion marketing and is offered in a multidimensional approach that connects the gap between the theory and practice and new innovations. It has 5 big areas: recommendation and personalization systems, visual search and augmented reality systems, consumer segmentation and predictive analytics, conversational agents, and AIC on social media marketing. Some difficulties about algorithm prejudice, privacy, inclusion and creative authenticity are also mentioned in discussion, and the importance of moral and transparent AI practices is emphasized. By providing observations of possibilities, limitations and future prospects, this paper contributes to more suitable insights in the way the AI is changing marketing practices in the fashion industry. It also emphasizes that AI is a strategic promoter not only contributes to commercial development, but also supports stability and consumer-focused methods.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI in Fashion; Recommendation Systems; Virtual Try-On; Chatbots; Sustainable Marketing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition