Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Sri Aurobindo was one of the greatest philosophical thinkers in India. Not only a philosopher but also an educationist, Aurobindo realised the inadequacies of our modern education system. His integral education is not only a mere education system. It is a kind of education that talks about the human body, mind and intellect that are combined together to form a magnificent machine. The primary aim of the study is to find out how integral education emphasises the purification, regulation, and transformation of the physical nature to achieve harmonious personality development within an individual. The researcher adopted a historical research method, qualitative approach based on Sri Aurobindo's philosophical writings, educational works, as well as writings by other authors. The study finds that physical development is considered a fundamental aspect of holistic development, which is an instrument of the mind and spirit, so its proper development is essential for overall growth in present situation. In the modern era, where learners are often facing stress, lack of discipline and value conflicts, Sri Aurobindo's ideas offer practical relevance in this purpose. The study concludes that integrating physical education into contemporary curricula can help develop emotionally mature, physically fit, ethically grounded, and socially conscious individuals, thereby contributing to holistic and sustainable education, which is obviously much needed in the modern world.

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 Keywords

Sri Aurobindo, Integral Education, Physical Development, Learners

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The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Vehicle Recommendation System is an intelligent platform designed to assist users in selecting the most suitable vehicle based on their individual needs, preferences, and financial capacity. By integrating machine learning algorithms such as content-based filtering, collaborative filtering, and hybrid recommendation models, the system evaluates user profiles--including factors like budget, fuel type, performance, and safety features--against comprehensive vehicle datasets. The platform extracts and analyzes vehicle specifications, market trends, and consumer reviews to generate personalized recommendations that align with user requirements.The system architecture comprises user data collection, data preprocessing, feature selection, model training, and recommendation generation modules. Through continuous learning, the AI model refines its predictions and adapts to evolving market dynamics and consumer behavior. Additionally, features such as interactive user interfaces, financial planning tools, and real-time market alerts enhance user engagement and decision-making accuracy.This research highlights the role of artificial intelligence in modernizing the automotive decision process by providing efficient, data-driven, and personalized vehicle recommendations. The implementation of such systems not only optimizes consumer satisfaction but also benefits automobile dealers through improved customer targeting and inventory management.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Vehicle Recommendation System, Machine Learning, Content-Based Filtering, Collaborative Filtering, Hybrid Recommendation Model, Personalized Recommendation, Data Preprocessing, Feature Selection, Predictive Analytics, Automotive Decision Support, User Preference Modeling.

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The increasing global demand for sustainable cooling solutions has driven research toward innovative building materials that minimize energy consumption while ensuring thermal comfort. This project focuses on the design and performance evaluation of a hydroceramic cooling tile incorporating hydrogel clay for passive indoor thermal regulation. Hydrogel clay, with its superior water retention and evaporative cooling properties, is integrated into ceramic tiles to enhance their thermal performance. The study aims to investigate the tile's ability to reduce indoor temperatures through evaporative cooling, improve thermal comfort, and reduce dependency on active cooling systems such as air conditioners. Experimental evaluation includes material characterization, water absorption tests, thermal conductivity analysis, and real-time monitoring of temperature variations under controlled conditions. Comparative studies with conventional ceramic tiles are conducted to quantify the cooling efficiency and durability of the developed hydroceramic tiles. The expected outcome is a cost-effective, ecofriendly, and energy-efficient building material capable of maintaining comfortable indoor conditions while contributing to sustainable construction practices. This research highlights the potential of hydroceramic cooling tiles as a scalable solution for passive cooling, promoting reduced energy demand, environmental sustainability, and improved indoor living standards.

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 Keywords

Hydroceramic tile, Hydrogel clay, Passive cooling, Thermal regulation, Sustainable building material, Evaporative cooling.

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The UV spectrophotometric analysis confirms that the developed method is simple, rapid, and precise for the simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol and Diclofenac Sodium in their combined marketed formulation. The Isosbestic point observed at 245 nm further validates the stoichiometric relationship and molar absorptivity consistency required for the Q-analysis and simultaneous equation approach. The results obtained are in close agreement with the label claim, indicating the minimal interference of excipients in the formulation. A percentage estimation of Paracetamol and Diclofenac Sodium in the tablet dosage form by Simultaneous Equation (Vierordt's) method was obtained at the wavelength 254 nm (For Paracetamol) and 236 nm (for Diclofenac Sodium) as 94.31% and 82.60% and the content of both drugs in mg is 306.5 mg and 41.3 mg. Total percent content of both drugs in tablet dosage form is 92.74% and a total drug concentration in mg is 347.8 mg, which shows accuracy in result. Paracetamol and Diclofenac Sodium in their combined dosage forms has been found to be simple, quick, accurate, the proposed UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of, and cost-effective.

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 Keywords

Simultaneous, Stoichiometric, Absorptivity, Spectrophotometric, Concentration

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The eyes are the windows to the soul" - William Shakespeare Eye problems among school children are a significant public health concern affecting their academic performance and overall well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding eye health among school children in selected schools of Bharanikkavu Panchayat. The objectives were to assess pre-test knowledge and practice levels, evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching programme, and determine the association between pre- test scores and selected demographic variables. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post- test research design was adopted. Using convenient sampling, 100 school children were selected. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. After the pre-test, a structured teaching session using appropriate audiovisual aids was conducted, followed by a post-test after seven days.Pre-test results showed that 4% had good knowledge, 56% had average knowledge, and 40% had below-average knowledge. Regarding practice, 5% demonstrated healthy practice, 30% satisfactory practice, and 65% poor practice. Post-test findings revealed significant improvement: 72% had good knowledge, 22% average knowledge, and 6% below-average knowledge. Healthy practice increased to 83%, satisfactory practice to 10%, and poor practice reduced to 7%. The mean post-test knowledge (20.73) and practice (6.95) scores were significantly higher than pre- test scores (12.95 and 5.44 respectively). The calculated t-values for knowledge (31.002) and practice (18.53) were greater than the table value (1.96), indicating statistical significance. Chi- square analysis showed an association between pre-test scores and selected demographic variables.The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge and practice regarding eye health among school children.

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 Keywords

Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Eye Health, School Children, Knowledge, Practice

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Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), represents a major advancement in the management of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders by offering rapid, potent, and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion. The drug vonoprazan operates independently from acidic activation processes and it functions outside the influence of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms, which allows it to maintain stable intragastric pH levels. The medication shows better results in treating erosive esophagitis and keeping mucosal healing intact while achieving successful Helicobacter pylori eradication even when clarithromycin resistance exists. The drug Vonoprazan maintains its effectiveness because it stays stable in acid environments and binds strongly to H?/K?-ATPase while maintaining stable blood levels for an extended period. The medication has proven safe for short-term use but its strong acid-blocking effects make scientists doubt how it impacts long-term elevated gastrin levels and stomach lining health. The review is based on pharmacology and clinical data and safety information of the drug vonoprazan. It examines treatment applications to demonstrate its emerging position as a PPI alternative for acid-related disease management.

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Vonoprazan; Potassium-competitive acid blocker; Proton pump inhibitors; Acid suppression; Erosive esophagitis; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Pharmacodynamics; Peptic ulcer disease.

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The increasing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable air conditioning systems has driven the development of alternative cooling technologies. Conventional vapor compression systems are associated with high energy consumption and environmental concerns due to the use of synthetic refrigerants. In this study, an all-season eco-friendly air conditioning system integrating winter heating, direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and a multi-stage hybrid cooling system is designed and experimentally evaluated. The winter heating system, powered by solar PV panels and a fan-coil unit (FCU), achieved a heating capacity of 3461 W with a maximum Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of 34.32 at 30 Hz. The DEC system demonstrated a high cooling capacity of approximately 12.19 kW with a maximum EER of approximately 68 at medium fan speed, although it resulted in increased outlet humidity. The IEC system provided sensible cooling without adding moisture and was evaluated under single-coil, series, and parallel configurations; the series arrangement achieved superior thermal effectiveness (0.73 vs 0.70 for parallel at 20 Hz). A hybrid system combining IEC with a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) was developed, achieving an EER of approximately 3.9, which exceeds the 3.3 EER benchmark of a conventional BEE 5-star rated air conditioner. The proposed system offers a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to conventional HVAC systems, suitable for year-round operation under varying climatic conditions.

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 Keywords

Evaporative Cooling, Fan-Coil Unit, Energy Efficiency Ratio, Hybrid Cooling, HVAC, Solar Heating, Indirect Evaporative Cooling, Vapor Compression Refrigeration, Eco-Friendly Air Conditioning

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 Abstract

This paper studies a new type of mathematical set called pr-closed sets in bitopological spaces. We examine how these sets interact with pre-regular open, pre-regular closed, and pre-regular semi-open sets. Our main results show that the union of two pr-closed sets is also pr-closed, and any set "sandwiched" between a pr-closed set and its closure is pr-closed as well. We also prove that sets sharing overlapping properties become "clopen" (both open and closed) or standard closed sets under specific conditions. Ultimately, these findings expand our understanding of bitopological structures and provide a basis for future research on continuous maps and separation axioms.

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Pr- closed sets

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The Endoscopy AI System is a deep learning-based application designed to detect gastrointestinal diseases from endoscopy images. The system uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on the MobileNetV2 architecture to classify images into four categories: Normal, Bleeding, Ulcer, and Polyp. The model is trained on labeled medical image datasets and optimized for accurate prediction. To improve transparency and trust in the model's decisions, Explainable AI (XAI) techniques such as Grad-CAM, Layer-CAM, and LIME are integrated. These methods provide visual explanations by highlighting important regions in the image that influence the prediction. A web-based interface is developed using Django, allowing users to upload images and receive instant predictions along with confidence scores and visual explanations. The system also maintains prediction history and includes an admin dashboard for monitoring results. The proposed system aims to support early diagnosis, reduce manual effort, and assist medical professionals with reliable and interpretable AI-based predictions.

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 Keywords

Endoscopy, Deep Learning, MobileNetV2, Explainable AI, Image Classification, Grad-CAM, LIME, Django

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Abstract: Elections are considered a very important and integral part of politics in a democratic country. A strong democracy can only be imagined when elections are conducted in a free and fair manner without any manipulation. In a democratic system, the Election Commission cannot function properly due to various reasons, which results in the disruption of the electoral process. Such as widespread corruption in elections, rigging, fake votes, occupation of polling stations, excessive election expenditure, use of government administrative machinery for elections, political influence on the Election Commission - in view of all these, the electoral system in India has become a farce. In this context, electoral reforms play a key role in shaping the democratic framework of India, besides ensuring free, fair and transparent elections. Over the past few decades, several issues have come to light, various new trends that have hindered the electoral and democratic process. Even though legal changes have been made, they are not effective enough. Hence there is an urgent need for electoral reform and many government committees have demanded it. So, this paper critically examines the historical evolution of electoral reforms India. Also, the study focusses on issues, challenges and the steps taken by the legislature and election commission of India.

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 Keywords

Keywords: India, Electoral provision, Electoral Reform, Issues, Emerging Challenges.

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