Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper proposes CyberFraudShield, an AI-based real-time fraud detection system designed to enhance the security of digital financial transactions. With the rapid adoption of online payment systems, fraudulent activities such as unauthorized transactions, identity theft, and phishing have increased significantly. Traditional fraud detection systems rely on static rules and delayed processing, making them ineffective against evolving fraud patterns. CyberFraudShield addresses these challenges by implementing a multi-factor risk analysis model that evaluates transactions based on parameters such as transaction amount, location, device, and time anomalies. The system assigns a dynamic risk score between 0 and 100 and classifies transactions as safe, suspicious, or fraudulent. High-risk transactions trigger real-time alerts and enable immediate user actions such as blocking or reviewing. Experimental evaluation using simulated transaction datasets demonstrates improved detection accuracy, faster response time, and enhanced visualization through interactive dashboards. CyberFraudShield provides a scalable and efficient solution for modern fraud detection systems.

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 Keywords

Fraud Detection, Risk Scoring, Real-Time Monitoring, Cybersecurity, Anomaly Detection, Financial Security.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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With the rapid digital transformation of educational and professional environments, certificate verification has become a critical security concern. Traditional certificate authentication systems rely on centralized repositories and manual validation processes, making them vulnerable to forgery, unauthorized modification, and operational inefficiencies. To address these challenges, this paper presents CertChain, a blockchain-based certificate authentication system that ensures secure, decentral- ized, and tamper-proof credential verification. The proposed sys- tem integrates Ethereum smart contracts, cryptographic hashing, and off-chain storage mechanisms to enable immutable certificate management. In addition, a decentralized governance mechanism is introduced to validate institutions through majority voting, ensuring trust and authenticity in certificate issuance. The system further incorporates AI-based modules for identity verification and automated marklist extraction, enhancing accuracy and preventing fraudulent activities such as deepfakes and proxy registrations. Certificates are generated as digital documents, hashed using SHA-256, and stored on the blockchain, allowing real-time verification by comparing cryptographic signatures. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed system significantly reduces verification time, improves security, and eliminates dependency on centralized authorities. The integration of blockchain, artificial intelligence, and decentralized governance makes CertChain a scalable and robust solution for next- generation credential authentication systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blockchain, Certificate Authentication, Ethereum, Smart Contracts, AI Verification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A constitutional study of violation of child marriage and Pocso act under Muslim law and violation of fundamental rights

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A constitutional study of violation of child marriage and Pocso act under Muslim law and violation of fundamental rights

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study was conducted to document the fish diversity in the Vihirgaon reservoir of the Ralegaon tehsil of the Yavatmal district for the period of one year. A total of 18 species were observed from 07 orders and 08 families, out of which the order Cypriniformes was dominant, with a total of 10 species, followed by the orders Perciformes and Anabantiformes, which have 02 species each, and then the orders Gobiiformes, Cichliformes, Siluriformes, and Decapoda, which have one species each. Distribution of these fish species indicates that the reservoir supports and provides a stable environment. The dominance of Cyprinidae indicates that there is healthy primary productivity within the aquatic ecosystem. This baseline data will act as a benchmark. For making fishing practices and the effective conservation strategies, ultimately this study emphasizes the importance of limnological health of the reservoir in order to protect its fish diversity for upcoming generations.

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diversity, fishes, vihirgaon reservoir, Ralegaon Tehsil, Yavatmal District

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract--This project presents an AI-powered academic scheduling system designed to automate timetable generation in educational institutions. Using Genetic Algorithms combined with constraint satisfaction techniques, the system ensures clash-free timetables by preventing teacher and room conflicts while balancing workloads. A full-stack architecture integrates a React.js frontend, Node.js + Express backend, and MongoDB database for persistent storage and multi-user support. Administrators can input student, faculty, and classroom data, and the system dynamically generates optimized timetables with options for visualization and export. Designed for scalability and adaptability, the solution reduces manual effort, improves accuracy, and supports future enhancements such as cloud deployment, calendar synchronization, and workload fairness.

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Keywords--timetable generation, genetic algorithm, constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), optimization, clash-free scheduling...

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????-???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 600 ????????????? (300 ??????? ??? 300 ???????????) ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????, ???? ????? ??? t-??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????--???? ???????, ??????, ?????????????, ????????? ??? ????????? ???????--??? ?????? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???????, ????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???

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This research paper compares Blinkit and Swiggy Instamart profits from 2023 to 2025. The study is done because there is rapid increase in company valuations, more and more people are using quick commerce, and both companies are expanding fast in the market with support of big retail partnerships. The main aim of the study is to compare the financial performance of both companies during this time period. It also tries to look at the profit trends to understand how both are growing. The findings shows that both companies are growing in a positive direction. Their profits are increasing and overall financial performance is also improving, so it clearly shows that both companies are doing well in the market.

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Blinkit, Swiggy Instamart, Grocery, Delivery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores how patriotism in Assam grew from local acts of resistance into a vibrant national identity. The journey begins with the Ahom kingdom, where Chaolung Sukapha sowed the seeds of unity and cultural harmony. As external threats loomed, especially from the Mughals, Assamese patriotism transformed into a shared mission to protect the land. The stirring leadership of Lachit Borphukan at the Battle of Saraighat stands out as a defining chapter, rallying the people of Assam into a united force. The narrative also shines a light on remarkable women like Jaymati Konwari, whose sacrifice embodies the moral heart of patriotism. Through a historical lens, the study reveals that early Assamese patriotism was deeply rooted in regional pride, focused on fending off both outside threats and internal strife. During British colonial rule, Assamese patriotism was reshaped, weaving Assam's regional spirit into the fabric of India's freedom movement. This study argues that Assamese patriotism became a vital bridge, connecting local pride with the larger dream of Indian nationhood. The story of Assam's patriotism is one of evolving identity, forged through shared struggles, collective memory, and sweeping social change.

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Assam; Patriotism; Ahom Kingdom; Regional Identity; National Consciousness; Resistance Movements;

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a significant public health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. Pharmacovigilance -- the science and activities associated with the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects of medicines -- is essential to ensuring medication safety throughout the drug life cycle. Pharmacists, by virtue of their specialised training, accessibility, and continuous patient interaction, occupy a uniquely strategic position within pharmacovigilance systems. Objective: This review aims to comprehensively examine the multidimensional roles of pharmacists in pharmacovigilance and ADR monitoring across diverse practice settings, evaluate existing challenges, and propose evidence-based strategies to strengthen pharmacist engagement in drug safety surveillance. Methods: A narrative review of published literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. Studies, systematic reviews, guidelines, and policy documents published between 2000 and 2024 were included. Results: Pharmacists play central roles in ADR detection, causality assessment, spontaneous reporting, patient education, medication review, and interprofessional collaboration. However, persistent barriers -- including under-reporting, insufficient training, workload constraints, and inadequate regulatory feedback -- continue to limit full pharmacist integration into pharmacovigilance systems. Emerging digital tools and structured reporting frameworks offer promising avenues to overcome these gaps. Conclusion: Strengthening pharmacist engagement in pharmacovigilance requires coordinated efforts across educational institutions, healthcare systems, and regulatory authorities. Recognising pharmacists as indispensable pharmacovigilance practitioners is essential for building resilient drug safety ecosystems.

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Pharmacovigilance, adverse drug reactions, pharmacist, drug safety, spontaneous reporting, medication safety, ADR monitoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Saadat Hasan Manto's short story, "The Dog of Tithwal," is a searing critique of the absurdity and inherent dehumanization of war, set against the backdrop of the 1947-48 Indo-Pakistani conflict. This paper argues that Manto employs the stray dog as a powerful allegorical figure to expose the futility of nationalist fervor and the destruction of innocence that war necessitates. The analysis begins by situating the story within the context of the Partition and Manto's larger literary project, which consistently unmasks the hypocrisies of a society torn by violence. The paper then delves into a close reading of the narrative, tracing the dog's journey from a neutral, apolitical entity to a symbol of contested nationalism and, finally, to a tragic victim. The initial interaction between the soldiers and the dog reveals a universal human need for companionship and relief from the psychological monotony of war, momentarily transcending manufactured national identities. However, this fragile connection is shattered when the human compulsion to assign allegiance--to impose a political identity upon innocent existence--corrupts the relationship. The act of tying a message to the dog's neck transforms it from a living being into a military object, a symbol of espionage. Its subsequent killing is not merely an act of violence but the inevitable consequence of a logic that cannot accommodate neutrality or innocence. The paper concludes that the dead dog lying in the valley is Manto's ultimate indictment of war. It serves as a silent testament to the destruction of simple humanity, suggesting that in the machinery of conflict, the first casualties are empathy, connection, and any form of life that does not conform to the brutal binary of "us" versus "them." Through this concise yet profound narrative, Manto moves beyond the specificities of the Indo-Pakistani dispute to comment on the universal and tragic absurdity of all human conflict.

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Saadat Hasan Manto

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition