Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper presents the design and development of an autonomous indoor surveillance and security robot capable of reliable operation in GPS-denied environments such as offices, warehouses, residential buildings, and industrial facilities. The proposed system addresses the limitations of traditional fixed-camera surveillance by integrating autonomous navigation, real-time perception, and multi-sensor threat detection into a mobile robotic platform capable of continuous operation without constant human supervision. The core navigation capability is achieved through visual-inertial odometry, which fuses visual data from a USB webcam with inertial measurements from an MPU6050 six-axis inertial measurement unit comprising a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. This sensor fusion approach mitigates the scale ambiguity limitation of monocular visual odometry and reduces cumulative drift errors associated with wheel encoder-based odometry. The fused pose output drives a continuous simultaneous localization and mapping loop, implemented using ORB-SLAM3 operating in monocular-inertial mode within the ROS 2 Jazzy Jalisco framework, that generates a persistent map of the environment and maintains self-localization throughout autonomous operation. The robotic platform employs a six-wheel drive configuration powered by six 25GA370 DC geared motors rated at twelve volts. Motor control is implemented using three TB6612FNG dual H-bridge motor driver modules. High-level computation is performed on a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B single-board computer, while an ESP32 microcontroller handles exclusively low-level real-time motor PWM control. The system integrates an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor mounted on an SG90 servo for dynamic obstacle scanning, an MQ-2 smoke and gas sensor for environmental hazard detection, and robotic arms implemented in single-servo and double-servo configurations using MG90S micro-servo motors controlled via a PCA9685 PWM driver. The software architecture is built on the Robot Operating System 2 Jazzy Jalisco framework, incorporating visual-inertial odometry, SLAM-based mapping, computer vision-based threat detection using OpenCV with a MobileNet-SSD v2 model deployed via TensorFlow Lite, and sensor-fusion-based obstacle avoidance. Component-level and integrated system testing was conducted in real indoor environments. The system successfully demonstrates stable multi-waypoint autonomous navigation, obstacle avoidance without halting, environmental hazard detection with hardware-level emergency motor stop, and real-time computer vision processing on embedded hardware. Navigation accuracy is expected to be within fifteen to twenty centimetres under favorable indoor conditions, consistent with reference literature on comparable low-cost sensor configurations, though this figure represents a hardware-specification-based estimate rather than a directly measured experimental result. These outcomes demonstrate the practical feasibility of an integrated, affordable, and intelligent indoor surveillance solution using commercially available embedded components.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Autonomous Surveillance, Indoor Navigation, Visual-Inertial Odometry, SLAM, Sensor Fusion, Mobile Robotics, GPS-Denied Environments, Obstacle Avoidance, Threat Detection, Computer Vision, ROS, Embedded Systems, Gas Detection, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Embedded Computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fashion is a key area in which people express their cultural identity and heritage. This paper is focused on the role that textile heritage must play in the way the garments of modern fashion are designed and how cultural identity is maintained within them.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cultural identity, Textile heritage, Contemporary fashion, Traditional textiles, Modern garments, Sustainable fashion, Handloom.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Punica granatum (pomegranate) and Annona reticulata (custard apple) are two medicinally important plants widely recognized in traditional and modern medicine. This review focuses on the comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of both species. The phytochemical studies reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and saponins contributing to their significant pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Pharmacognostic parameters including macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical characteristics have been studied to aid in the standardization and authentication of plant materials. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge to support further research and potential therapeutic applications of P. granatum and A. reticulata in drug development and herbal formulations. A facial scrub is a cosmetic product used to clean the skin by removing dead skin cells, dirt, and excess oil from the surface of the face. This process is known as exfoliation. Regular use of facial scrub helps in improving skin texture, unclogging pores, preventing acne, and giving the skin a fresh and healthy appearance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Punica granatum, Annona reticulata, phytochemicals, pharmacognosy, herbal medicine, standardization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are major agricultural pests responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide, especially in diverse farming systems like those in India. These microscopic organisms damage plant roots, reducing growth and productivity. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as microscopic examination and molecular techniques, are often slow, labor-intensive, and require specialized taxonomic expertise, making them less accessible to farmers and field practitioners. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning and deep learning approaches, has emerged as a promising solution for rapid and precise nematode detection. AI-based tools can analyze images, patterns, and data efficiently, enabling early diagnosis and timely management decisions. This review focuses on the application of AI in nematode identification, covering current technologies, methodologies, and practical applications. It also discusses the key benefits, limitations, and future opportunities of integrating AI into nematode diagnostics to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Plant-parasitic nematodes, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, computer vision , microscopy, remote sensing, diagnostic agriculture, precision agriculture, crop protection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Double Helical Coil Heat Exchanger (DHCHE) using nanofluids is an advanced thermal system designed to enhance heat transfer performance by combining the benefits of helical geometry and high-conductivity working fluids. The helical coil structure induces secondary flow patterns, known as Dean vortices, which improve fluid mixing and significantly increase the heat transfer rate compared to conventional straight tube heat exchangers. In this study, nanofluids such as Al?O? dispersed in base fluids like water are utilized to further enhance thermal conductivity. The presence of nanoparticles increases the heat transfer coefficient, leading to improved thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger. Key performance parameters, including temperature distribution, pressure drop, Nusselt number, and overall heat transfer coefficient, are analyzed to evaluate system effectiveness. The results demonstrate that the use of nanofluids in a helical coil heat exchanger considerably improves heat transfer performance while maintaining a compact design. Although an increase in pressure drop is observed due to both the helical curvature and nanoparticle addition, the overall thermal enhancement outweighs this drawback. This makes nanofluid-based double helical coil heat exchangers highly suitable for applications in power plants, chemical industries, refrigeration systems, and energy-efficient heat recovery processes [1] .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

double helical coil, pressure drop, nanofluids, enhance heat transfer

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Linen management is a critical support service in hospitals that directly influences infection control, patient safety, and operational efficiency. Poor linen handling practices can contribute to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and inefficiencies in patient care delivery . Objective: To evaluate the existing linen management system in a tertiary care hospital and identify operational gaps affecting efficiency, quality, and availability. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted using process mapping, stock analysis, and structured questionnaires administered to nursing and administrative staff (n=11). Results: Major issues identified included inconsistent linen availability, manual record-keeping errors, lack of quality checks, and absence of real-time tracking systems. Stock discrepancies revealed a loss of 12 items in one month. Feedback indicated that most respondents rated linen services as "average," with hygiene concerns being prominent. Conclusion: Significant operational gaps exist in the linen management system. Implementation of RFID technology, process standardization, and improved coordination can enhance efficiency and patient care outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hospital linen management, healthcare operations, infection control, RFID technology, inventory management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to compare skin colour, hair colour, and hair type among college students from Punjab and Manipur, two regions with distinct genetic and ecological backgrounds.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 college students, including 100 participants each from Punjab and Manipur. Somatoscopic observations were carried out under natural daylight conditions. Skin colour was assessed using Luschan's skin colour chart, while hair colour and hair texture were evaluated using the Fischer-Saller and Martin-Saller classification systems, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to assess regional differences. Students from Punjab exhibited greater variability in somatoscopic traits, with brown skin (50%), dark brown hair (57%), and wavy hair (72%) being the most prevalent characteristics. In contrast, students from Manipur showed marked homogeneity, predominantly displaying yellow-whitish skin (92%), black hair (87%), and straight hair (88%). The differences in skin colour, hair colour, and hair type between the two regions were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The findings demonstrate clear regional variation in somatoscopic traits between Punjab and Manipur, reflecting differences in genetic background and environmental influences. These region-specific phenotypic patterns have important implications for population studies and forensic identification, particularly in medico-legal contexts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Somatoscopy; Skin colour, Hair colour, Hair texture, Population variations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

We created an AI-Powered Placement Tracker. It is a web-based platform that uses React, Node.js and MongoDB. This platform helps with campus recruitment at Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET). Old placement systems use a lot of work Excel records and offline communication. These are not efficient. Have many errors. Our system uses machine learning to match students with job opportunities. It looks at student profiles, academic records and skills. Then it suggests the job opportunities. The platform has three types of users. Students, Training and Placement Officers (TPOs) and company recruiters. Each has their interface and permissions. Key features include real-time analytics, automated eligibility screening and SMS and email notifications. We tested the system. It works better than old methods. Index Terms. AI job matching, placement tracker, campus recruitment, React, Node.js, MongoDB, machine learning, student information system, TPO, web application.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI job matching placement tracker campus recruitment React Node.js MongoDB machine learning student information system TPO (Training and Placement Officer) web application

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper delves into the dualism of mind and body in the novel If I Stay written by Gayle Forman. The author has beautifully portrayed the in-between state of the character in the select novel. The protagonist Mia experiences an out-of-body state, occurred as an aftermath of traumatic accident. Also, the paper clearly depicts the independency of consciousness from a physical body. The Philosophical term dualism within modern fiction by asserting through intense text analysis shows that, the identity of the character in the novel is deeply rooted in the characters consciousness rather than the body. Forman uses the threshold of liminal space as an exploration of psychological grounds. Among this the protagonist is forced to live among her absolute loss. The primary text uses the evidences to portray the survival as a radical act of human agency rather than a biological inevitability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

In-between state, Heaviness, Loss, loneliness, liminal, responsible, choice, and identity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Preventive healthcare is a fundamental principle of Ayurveda, emphasizing the preservation of health through regulation of lifestyle and behaviour. The concept of disease prevention is systematically elaborated in the Roganutpadaniya Adhyaya of Ashtanga Hridaya (Sutra /Sthana, Chapter 4), which highlights the avoidance of etiological factors (Nidana Parivarjana) and the importance of maintaining physiological balance. Among these, the concept of Adharaneeya Vega (non-suppressible natural urges) plays a crucial role, as their suppression (Vega Dharana) is identified as a significant cause of disease manifestation. Aim: To analytically evaluate Roganutpadaniya Adhyaya as a preventive healthcare model with special reference to Adharaneeya Vega and its role in maintaining health and preventing disease. Materials and Methods: This study is a conceptual and analytical review based on classical Ayurvedic literature, primarily Ashtanga Hridaya, along with supporting references from other classical texts and contemporary biomedical literature. Data were collected through textual review and interpreted using a comparative analytical approach to correlate Ayurvedic concepts with modern physiological understanding. Results: The study reveals that Adharaneeya Vegas represent essential physiological reflexes necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis. Suppression of these urges leads to disturbance in Dosha, impairment of normal physiological processes, and obstruction of bodily channels (Srotas), thereby initiating disease pathogenesis. Each suppressed urge is associated with specific clinical manifestations. Modern correlations suggest that these urges are regulated by neurophysiological and autonomic mechanisms, and their suppression may contribute to functional and psychosomatic disorders. Conclusion: Roganutpadaniya Adhyaya provides a comprehensive preventive framework in Ayurveda, wherein the proper management of Adharaneeya Vega serves as a key strategy for disease prevention. This concept holds significant relevance in the context of modern lifestyle disorders, highlighting the need to respect natural physiological urges to maintain holistic health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Adharaneeya Vega, Roganutpadaniya Adhyaya, Ashtanga Hridaya, Preventive Ayurveda, Vega Dharana, Lifestyle Disorders

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition