Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

DEVELOPMENT OF AN HERBAL COLD CREAM INCORPORATED WITH LEMON ESSENTIAL OIL FOR SKIN BRIGHTENING

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN HERBAL COLD CREAM INCORPORATED WITH LEMON ESSENTIAL OIL FOR SKIN BRIGHTENING

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Event management workflows remain fragmented, requiring organizers to use multiple disconnected platforms for promotion, registration, communication, and execution. Existing commercial platforms restrict intelligent features to expensive paid tiers, leaving small and independent creators without access to analytics, automated verification, or fraud prevention tools. This paper presents CrowdPulse, a centralized AI-enhanced event hosting and management platform built on the MERN stack. Novel contributions include: (a) a unified free architecture integrating six enterprise-grade features--QR-based cryptographic check-in, a hybrid tag-behavioral recommendation engine, host analytics dashboards, cascading waitlist auto-promotion, automated pre-event reminders with embedded QR tickets, and real-time seat urgency indicators; (b) a weighted hybrid recommendation model with empirically tuned parameters validated through grid search; and (c) a cascading waitlist algorithm with time-bound confirmation offers, which, to the best of our knowledge, has limited representation in existing event management literature. A controlled four-week deployment with 150 users across 25 events demonstrated: 72.1% reduction in check-in time (p < 0.001), 81.4% recommendation relevance accuracy, 89.5% cancelled-seat recovery rate, and 34.0% attendance improvement (p = 0.003). The system sustained sub-200 ms API response times under 250 concurrent users with 99.2% uptime, demonstrating that enterprise-grade event management capabilities can be delivered through a unified, cost-free platform.

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Event Management Platform, MERN Stack, QR Authentication, Hybrid Recommendation System, Waitlist Automation, Event Analytics, Real-Time Web Application, Recommendation Systems, Full Stack Development, Scalable Web Systems

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This research paper presents a comprehensive and critically grounded analysis of the Haryanvi Saang-style raginis (Ragini 1-8) from the narrative series Adhar?jan, examined through literary, prosodic, and socio-cultural perspectives. The study aims to investigate the narrative structure, emotional depth, gendered consciousness, and metrical organization of these compositions within the framework of Pingal Shastra. It argues that Haryanvi ragini is not merely an oral folk expression but a structured poetic tradition that reflects a dynamic synthesis of indigenous aesthetics and classical poetics. The analysis demonstrates that the sequence of Ragini 1-8 follows a coherent narrative progression--from aesthetic awareness and emotional awakening to courtly interaction, intensification of love, social tension, and eventual assertion of dignity and conditional acceptance. The character of Raskapoor emerges as a central figure representing feminine agency, self-determination, and ethical consciousness, rather than merely a passive subject of desire. In contrast, the figure of Sawai Jagat Singh embodies the tension between royal authority and human vulnerability. From a prosodic perspective, the study highlights the effective use of mixed syllabic metres, balanced caesura, patterned rhyme schemes, and rhythmic recurrence, all of which enhance both performative quality and aesthetic depth. The study concludes that the raginis of Adhar?jan should be recognized not merely as performative folk compositions but as culturally significant literary texts that articulate complex intersections of love, power, morality, and gender, thereby contributing meaningfully to broader academic discourses in Indian folk literature and cultural studies.

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 Keywords

Haryanvi Folk Poetry, Ragni Tradition, Pingal Prosody, Oral Performance Culture, Indigenous Aesthetics, Narrative Poetics, Socio-Cultural Discourse, Gendered Voice and Agency, Courtly Love Tradition, Ethnomusicology of North India

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FRAUENFIGUREN, FURCHT UND UEBERNATUERLICHE MAECHTE: EINE VERGLEICHENDE ANALYSE AUSGEWAEHLTER DEUTSCHER UND INDISCHER VOLKSMAERCHEN

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FRAUENFIGUREN, FURCHT UND UEBERNATUERLICHE MAECHTE: EINE VERGLEICHENDE ANALYSE AUSGEWAEHLTER DEUTSCHER UND INDISCHER VOLKSMAERCHEN

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FoodHub is a full-stack web-based food ordering and management system designed to provide a scalable and cost-effective alternative to third-party delivery platforms. The system enables users to browse restaurants, place orders, and track order status, while administrators can manage menus, orders, and analytics through a dedicated dashboard. Developed using React , the platform ensures secure and efficient data handling with role-based access control. The system demonstrates reliable performance and offers a flexible solution for independent restaurant operations with potential for future enhancements.

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Food Ordering System, Full-Stack Web Application, React, PostgreSQL, Role-Based Access Control, Scalable Architecture, Online Ordering Platform

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The global push towards sustainable transportation has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), with electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) gaining notable traction in urban and semi-urban markets across India. This study examines the relationship between perceived economic benefits and consumer preference for electric two-wheelers in Salem City, Tamil Nadu, a rapidly emerging tier-2 market with a strong two-wheeler culture. Using a structured questionnaire, primary data were collected from 173 respondents through purposive and convenience sampling. The economic dimensions explored include fuel cost savings, lower maintenance expenditure, government subsidies and incentives, total cost of ownership (TCO), and resale value perceptions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression techniques were employed to analyse the data. The findings reveal that perceived fuel cost savings and government subsidies significantly influence consumer preference, while maintenance cost and resale value perceptions play a moderating role. The study concludes that economic considerations are a dominant driver of E2W adoption in Salem and recommends that manufacturers, policymakers, and dealers align their communication strategies to highlight long-term cost advantages. This research contributes to the growing literature on EV consumer behaviour in tier-2 Indian cities and offers actionable insights for stakeholders in the electric mobility ecosystem.

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Electric Two-Wheelers, Consumer Preference, Economic Benefits, Salem City, Sustainable Transportation, EV Adoption, Total Cost of Ownership

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'Early state' is a term used in state formation study to denote pre-modern non-industrialised state. The medieval kingdom of Tripura under the rule of the M??ikya dynasty was one of such states. The present paper intends to shed light on the administrative structure of this state during the 15th-18th Century period. It will solely concentrate on the civil aspect of the administration during the chosen time-period. The contours of this administration in terms of the nature of kingship, officials manning this structure, tribal and non-tribal local administration in the hills and plains, etc., will be reviewed. The traditional literary sources as well as the existing secondary works on the history of the state have been used whenever necessary to prepare the paper.

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Early State, Tripura kingdom, administration, sanskritisation, R?jm?l?

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The Gadar Movement (1913-1915) was one of the most important anti-colonial movements in Indian history. It was organized among Indian workers on the Pacific Coast of North America. This paper studies the leaders of the Gadar Movement in a comparative and analytical way. It examines figures such as Sohan Singh Bhakna, Baba Jawala Singh, Lala Hardayal, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Hafiz Abdullah, Karim Bux, Nawab Khan, and Bhai Parmanand. The central argument is simple: the movement's internal ideological diversity was not a weakness. It was its greatest political and organizational strength. Each type of leader could reach a different section of the Indian diaspora. The paper uses a typological framework. Five types of revolutionary leadership are identified: the philosopher-revolutionary, the patriarchal organizer, the martyr, the spiritual revolutionary, and the cultural nationalist intellectual. Bhai Parmanand receives special attention. He combined the Arya Samaj tradition of Hindu cultural reform with revolutionary anti-colonial politics. This placed him at the centre of the movement's deepest internal tensions. The paper examines what these tensions meant for the long-term trajectory of Indian nationalism. The paper argues that studying the Gadar leaders comparatively gives a much richer understanding of the movement than studying them separately. It also argues that Bhai Parmanand deserves far more scholarly attention than existing literature has given him.

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Gadar Movement; Bhai Parmanand; Indian nationalism; anti-colonialism; revolutionary leadership; Punjabi diaspora; Lahore Conspiracy Case; Arya Samaj; Hindu-Muslim-Sikh unity; Lala Hardayal; Kartar Singh Sarabha; Sohan Singh Bhakna

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Agriculture is a fundamental sector that supports global food supply and economic stability. However, the increasing global population, climate variability, and limited natural resources have created significant challenges for traditional farming practices. From this perspective , Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative technology that enables efficient, data-driven, and sustainable agricultural systems. AI integrates advanced computational techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance agricultural productivity and decision-making. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the applications of AI in agriculture, including precision farming, crop disease detection, smart irrigation systems, yield prediction, and agricultural robotics. It further explores the techniques used in implementing these applications, such as supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, convolutional neural networks, and sensor-based data acquisition systems. The role of AI in reducing resource wastage, improving crop quality, and enabling real-time monitoring is critically analyzed. Despite its advantages, the adoption of AI in agriculture faces several challenges, including high implementation costs, lack of technical expertise among farmers, limited availability of quality datasets, and infrastructural constraints in rural areas. Ethical considerations such as data privacy and dependency on automated systems are also discussed. The paper also highlights future trends in AI-driven agriculture, such as autonomous farming, climate-aware decision systems, and integration with advanced technologies like robotics and edge computing. It concludes that AI has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by making it more efficient, sustainable, and capable of meeting future food demands.

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Artificial Intelligence, Agriculture, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IoT, Smart Farming

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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THE EXPLORATION OF LOVE AND DEATH: IN JOHN KEATS' POETRY Miss. SIRLA AISHWARYA M.A. (English Lit.) ABSTRACT John Keats (1795-1821) stands among the great figures of English poetry. Often regarded as a remarkable phenomenon, he has been described as a luminous martyr, consumed by the harsh resistance and rejection of the society in which he lived. However, it was not merely the aura of martyrdom, as portrayed by his contemporary Shelley in Adonais, that has immortalized him. Instead, it is the profound depth and refined qualities of his poetry that earned Keats the highest acclaim, with many considering his poetic genius to come closest to Shakespeare's. As a central figure of the second generation of Romantic poets, Keats exemplified a movement that had liberated itself from traditional norms. F.R. Leavis referred to these norms as the constraints of "sanity and normality" in Revaluation, while Matthew Arnold defined them as the "classical" characteristics of English prose in A Study of Poetry. Keats represents not only the essence of Romantic poetry but also embodies the very spirit of poetry itself. Keats began his poetic journey under the influence of Spenserian traditions, and through remarkable growth, he became a vivid example of poetic maturity. His untimely death was undoubtedly a tremendous loss for English literature. Tennyson's poignant observation captures this sentiment: Keats, with his profound spiritual vision, could have become the greatest poet of them all had he lived longer. This analysis explores two recurring and prominent themes in Keats's poetry: Love and Death themes that are central to his poetic ethos, often culminating in an epitaphic solemnity. A major transformation within this movement was a newfound, introspective awareness of love and death. The work of poets like William Blake and Samuel Taylor Coleridge introduced a more personal and individualized understanding of love, a love rooted in human emotion and spiritual connectivity rather than mere intellectual constructs. As C.M. Bowra aptly notes, Blake's creed of mercy, pity, peace, and love formed the foundation for his belief in universal brotherhood. The poem channels his inward struggles, contrasts between reality and dreams, moments of unshakable confidence versus despair, and feelings of human connection juxtaposed with the loneliness of an alienated soul. These tensions breathe life into his imaginative narrative, imbuing it with a profound emotional resonance. Diminishing his own achievements, Coleridge once stated that his aim was only to create "that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith." Yet his poem does far more than invite disbelief; it engenders a complete and fulfilling faith rooted in the realities of both human nature and the tangible world. Death in Romanticism takes on a veiled mystique its hypnotic allure stems from an unfathomable depth that resists definition. Thus, for Romantic poets like Keats and Coleridge, themes of Love and Death transcend mere mortality, emerging as profound sources of artistic inspiration, forces that reveal deeper truths about humanity's passions, struggles, and ultimate connection to life's mysteries.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Phenomenon; Luminous; Romantic; Spenserian; Harmony; Love and Death; Introspective; Diminishing; Intertwined; Engenders; Coexisting; Inspiratio

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