Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The position of Muslim women in India, specifically daughters, still suffers from discrimination in their share of inheritance under the uncodified Muslim Personal Law as governed by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937. The share of inheritance given to women by the Quran in the 7th century in Arabia is not reflected under the codified laws, where the share of daughters is half of what their brothers get, and the remaining amount goes to the agnates of the male members of the family. This paper seeks to explore the existing framework, identify the inequalities, discuss the judicial precedents, and emphasize the need for reforms in the form of codification, optional application of civil law, or a Uniform Civil Code (UCC). It also aims to focus on landmark and ongoing judgments of the Supreme Court, which reflect the contrast between individual rights and gender justice and suggest reforms that are in correspondence with the Constitution and empower daughters economically and socially. In doing so, the paper adopts a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, examining relevant statutes, judicial decisions, and comparative approaches from other jurisdictions. The research aims to prove that the existing framework is inadequate and needs reform, whether from within or outside personal law.

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 Keywords

Muslim Women, Inheritance Rights, Muslim Personal Law, Gender Justice, Daughters' Property Rights, India, Uniform Civil Code, Constitutional Equality, Legal Reform, Women's Economic Empowerment.

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 Abstract

Bharat aur Nepal Ke Bich Dwipakshiya Kutniti Ka Vikas (2004-2023): Rannitik Badlav Aur Nirantarta Ka Ek Mahatvpurn Vshleshan

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Bharat aur Nepal Ke Bich Dwipakshiya Kutniti Ka Vikas (2004-2023): Rannitik Badlav Aur Nirantarta Ka Ek Mahatvpurn Vshleshan

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Intraday financial markets witness significant fluctuation of prices, which can be rather unpredictable with the use of traditional statistical or econometric modeling. Traditional approaches to forecasting do not take into consideration structural aspects of market liquidity and its influence on trading by institutions. This research attempts to develop an integrated approach based on principles of Market Microstructure and Quantitative Finance for analysis of interaction between liquidity distribution across the price levels and large institutional orders leading to creation of liquidity vacuums that cause price acceleration. Intraday trading in stock market is analyzed under the theoretical and mathematical frameworks that consider how distribution of liquidity along the price levels impacts formation of liquidity vacuums and consequent generation of price acceleration. Liquidity vacuums are considered as zones characterized by insufficient market depth to handle incoming orders, which leads to quick price acceleration. A liquidity mapping model is formulated for determination of liquidity density and existence of liquidity gaps in the limit order book. These liquidity gaps are then associated with institutional trading activities indicating high probability of creation of liquidity vacuums, triggered by large order executions. Mathematical modeling of liquidity imbalance and corresponding order flow pressure leading to expected price acceleration is suggested. In addition, the research outlines a methodology for empirical validation that utilizes intraday high-frequency data to verify the predictive ability of the liquidity vacuum signal. It is anticipated that the findings will indicate that the inclusion of the liquidity structure and institutional orders greatly increases the accuracy of price predictions within intraday periods relative to traditional time series models..

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 Keywords

Liquidity Mapping, Institutional Order Flow, Liquidity Vacuum Intraday Price Acceleration ,Limit Order Book, Order Flow Dynamics , Market Liquidity , Liquidity Imbalance , Intraday Stock Market Prediction ,Price Discovery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Motherhood is considered as an inevitable part of womanhood; however, this aspect of womanhood is not blessed to every woman. Some women are denied the joys of motherhood. These women feel incomplete and carry a sense of low self-esteem. The pressure to become a woman doesn't come from the woman alone, but the society which is patriarchal and views a woman incomplete if she's unable to conceive. This research paper studies the Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta's book 'The Joys of Motherhood' in view of the societal pressure on women to become mothers, that too sons, even at the expense of poverty and physical and mental health of a woman. The paper highlights the worthlessness that infertile women are associated with and the kind of degrading treatment society gives to such women.

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Motherhood, infertility, societal pressure

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Context In today's healthcare environment, quality, safety, and standardisation are essential for delivering effective patient care. The National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) provides a structured framework to improve hospital performance through defined standards and protocols. Accreditation ensures that hospitals follow best practices in patient care, infection control, safety, and management systems.

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 Keywords

Accreditation Process, Gap Analysis, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Policy Implementation, Internal Audit, External Assessment, Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Coffee, a well known processed beverages globally and Arabica coffee [coffea arabica L.] is one of the most popular coffees. Coffee beans are rich in bioactive compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, polyphenols such as caffeoylquinic acids [CQAs] and diterpenes. Recent studies has highlighted its potential role in promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss. This review explores the mechanisms of coffee bioactives, specialy caffeine, it helps in stimulating hair follicles, enhancing the hair cycle anagen phase, and counteracting androgenic alopecia. The article discusses the formulation strategies, cosmetic applications, safety considerations, and regulatory aspects. The review aims to how coffee derived ingredients are used in hair care and their potential expansion into other cosmetic applications. It acts as a psychoactive stimulant, increasing cognition and awareness while suppressing fatigue. Caffeine is being widely utilised in the food, pharmaceutic, and cosmetics industries due to its multifaceted properties. It is an alkaloid of interest for the pharmaceutical industry because of its stimulating properties on the nervous and cardiovascular systems .It acts as a psychoactive stimulant, increasing cognition and awareness.

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Coffee bioactive, caffeine, hair growth and hair loss, Coffea arabica, skin penetration, cosmetics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The conventional retail billing system involves manual barcode scanning and long queues, resulting in time delays and customer dissatisfaction. This paper presents a Smart Billing Automation Trolley that integrates embedded systems and IoT for real-time billing. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller, barcode scanner, and load cell sensor to identify products and verify them using weight measurement. The scanned product information is displayed on an LCD screen, and the bill is updated in real time. A QR code and SMS-based payment system ensures a fast and secure checkout process. The system significantly reduces billing time and improves accuracy, providing a user-friendly and efficient shopping experience.

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 Keywords

Smart Trolley, Barcode Scanner, Embedded Systems, IoT, Automated Billing, Retail System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present article titled "A Study on the Psychosocial Problems Faced by Family Members of Persons with Spinal Cord Injury" aims to examine the psychological and social challenges experienced by family members caring for individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a life-altering condition that not only affects the individual but also places a significant burden on family members who assume caregiving responsibilities. The study focuses on understanding various issues such as stress, anxiety, emotional burden, financial strain, social isolation, and coping strategies among caregivers. A descriptive research design was adopted to study the existing conditions without any manipulation. The universe of the study includes family members of persons with spinal cord injury, and a total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was gathered from books, journals, and online sources. A pilot study and pre-test were conducted to ensure the reliability and clarity of the research tool. The findings indicate that family members experience high levels of psychological distress, emotional exhaustion, and financial difficulties, along with limited support systems. The study highlights the need for counselling services, rehabilitation support, and community-based interventions to improve the well-being of caregivers.

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psychosocial problems, spinal cord injury, care givers problems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Software testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality, reliability, and performance of modern software applications. Traditional testing tools, such as Selenium, rely heavily on predefined scripts and manual intervention, which often leads to increased maintenance effort, longer execution time, and limited adaptability to dynamic application changes. These limitations become more significant as software systems grow in complexity and scale. To address these challenges, AI-based testing approaches have emerged as a promising solution. AI-driven tools like Testim utilize machine learning algorithms and intelligent automation to enhance testing processes. These tools are capable of automatically generating test cases, adapting to user interface changes through self-healing mechanisms, and predicting potential defects based on historical data. This research presents a comparative performance evaluation of traditional testing tools and AI-based testing approaches. The study employs a structured methodology involving controlled experiments and analysis of key performance metrics such as execution time, defect detection rate, and maintenance effort. The results indicate that AI-based testing significantly improves efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and enhances overall testing accuracy. The findings suggest that integrating AI into software testing processes can lead to more scalable, reliable, and efficient testing solutions, making it a valuable approach for modern software development environments.

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 Keywords

Software Testing, Traditional Testing, AI-Based Testing, Machine Learning, Test Automation, Selenium, Testim, Defect Detection, Performance Evaluation, Test Efficiency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents an intelligent attendance system using RFID and face recognition to improve security and prevent proxy attendance. The system verifies user identity through RFID authentication followed by facial recognition using OpenCV. Attendance is recorded only when both credentials match the stored database. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for educational institutions and office environments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RFID, Face Recognition, Biometric Authentication, Access Control

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition