Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

In this paper, the reconfigurations of landscape in Northeast Indian narratives have been explored using the specific work A Lunatic in My Head by Anjum Hasan. Eschewing traditional concept of landscape as visual setting, the paper contends that space in the novel works as a narrative agency that dominates the emotional life, identity formation, and stagnation of social life. Located in Shillong, the text does not depict an exotic or idyllic locality but rather a psychologically dense and politically marginal urban zone of inertia, decay, and unfulfilled aspirations. A spatial reading of the novel, the paper delves into how the outer physical space reflects inner disruption, alienation, and waiting that is experienced by the youth and the women characters. Placing the narrative into the context of the postcolonial spatial theory, the research points to the idea of landscape as a tool of soft social criticism, which mirrors the greater issues of marginality and regional invisibility in Indian discourse. Finally, the paper shows how landscape becomes a silent but mighty protagonist in the fiction of Hasan organizing the narrative meaning and postcolonial identity.

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Landscape, Northeast India, Spatial Narrative, Postcolonial Identity, Marginality, Shillong, Emotional Geography

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Identity is an essential aspect of human existence, signifying each person's ongoing quest to discover their identity and place in the world. This concept of self is not created in a vacuum; rather, it is a complicated construct shaped by our connections, memories, and individual experiences. However, the process of creating a secure identity becomes difficult for someone who harbors terrible memories from the past. Nomi, the main character in Anuradha Roy's book Sleeping on Jupiter, personifies this quest for identity. Nomi sets off on a voyage that is purportedly for her profession as a documentary filmmaker by going back to the temple town of Jarmuli, but it is actually a profound encounter with a past she had long.By returning to the temple town of Jarmuli, Nomi embarks on a journey that is ostensibly for her work as a documentary filmmaker but is, in reality, a deep confrontation with a history she had long tried to escape.

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Memory as a Catalyst for Self-Discovery

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ABSTRACT This study looked at public library funding: problems and solutions. Four (4) distinct goals serve as the paper's compass. In addition to defining public libraries, the study contrasted them with other kinds of libraries. The topic of public library funding was also covered. Other funding options for public libraries were also discovered and discussed in the study. As a result, the study suggested that: In order to make it easier for the public to obtain information resources, public libraries should have sufficient funding. Information and communication technology proficiency should be a top priority for public library staff. Alternative methods of raising money for public libraries should be connected to the management of public libraries.

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Keywords: Public Libraries, Concept of Funding, Issues and Way Forward for Public Libraries, Need for Funding Public Libraries, Alternative Funding for public Libraries,

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This paper explores the evolution of Gothic literature from its eighteenth-century origins to its modern adaptations. Beginning with Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1764), the study traces the genre's defining motifs--haunted castles, supernatural phenomena, psychological terror, and the sublime--and examines how authors such as Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Lewis, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, and Bram Stoker shaped its trajectory. Gothic literature is shown to be more than escapist fiction; it reflects cultural anxieties about religion, science, gender, and politics while dramatizing the tension between reason and imagination. The paper also highlights the Gothic's enduring legacy in architecture, art, cinema, and contemporary fiction, demonstrating its adaptability and cultural resonance across centuries.

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Gothic Literature, Psychological Terror, Sublime, Supernatural.

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Cross-border payment systems are a fundamental component of international trade, remittance transfers, and global financial operations. Traditional international payment methods involve multiple intermediaries, resulting in high transaction costs, delays, and operational inefficiencies. Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative financial innovation capable of addressing these limitations by offering decentralized, transparent, and secure transaction mechanisms. This study examines the impact of blockchain adoption on reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency in cross-border payments using secondary data collected from published reports, banking studies, and financial institution records. The analysis compares conventional payment systems with blockchain-based payment frameworks across dimensions such as transaction cost, processing speed, transparency, and security. The findings indicate that blockchain significantly reduces operational expenses and settlement time while enhancing transactional accuracy and transparency. The study concludes that blockchain technology has substantial potential to reshape the future of international financial transactions.

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Blockchain, Cross-border Payments, Transaction Efficiency, Cost Reduction, Financial Technology, International Transactions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart spirometer for real-time respiratory health monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning techniques. The system employs a differential pressure-based sensing mechanism to measure airflow and estimate key lung function parameters such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). An ESP32 microcontroller is used for data acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of results to a mobile application for remote monitoring. To ensure reliable measurements, both hardware-level filtering and software-based signal processing methods are incorporated to reduce noise and improve stability. The calculated spirometric parameters are further utilized in a supervised machine learning framework, where clinically referenced threshold-based labeling is applied to generate structured training data. The trained model classifies respiratory conditions into normal and abnormal categories based on learned patterns. The proposed system provides a portable, low-cost, and user-friendly solution for continuous respiratory assessment and preliminary screening of conditions such as COPD and asthma. While the classification is guided by clinically established thresholds, the system demonstrates the integration of IoT and machine learning for accessible healthcare monitoring.

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Smart Spirometer, Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32 Microcontroller, Differential Pressure Sensor, Lung Function Monitoring, Machine Learning, Respiratory Disease Detection, Respiratory Health Monitoring, Embedded Systems, COPD.

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Looking at how poems from specific areas matter when shared through wider languages helps spread understanding about world problems. Trouble shows up suddenly, growing fast until people cannot manage it anymore. Pandemic outbreaks, quakes, rising waters, conflicts, shifting weather patterns, political unrest, misuse of technology - each one forms part of what counts as crisis. Hard times do more than bring pain though they spark fresh thinking and creative voices often rise strongest right then. Attention turns here towards translating written work born in those moments. Poems, stories, reports, studies shaped by upheaval carry weight and moving them across languages opens doors. Not just specialists see value but ordinary readers connect too. Ideas travel further when words shift form but meaning stays alive even when tongues differ. Translators shape bridges others walk across and so words once local gain broader reach. Crises push people towards poetry, says the writer, who looks at two pieces he wrote in Kashmiri. One is called "Modern Insaan tae Mousam" the other "Corona Wobaa; Kaas waine Khodaya." When turned into English, these poems carry local feelings about climate shifts and the corona virus beyond their borders. Emotion meets thought in translation, opening space for wider conversation. The personal voice travels farther when words cross languages. Meaning spreads - not just facts - through this movement. What began in one tongue finds new life elsewhere. A private reflection becomes part of something larger simply by being shared differently.

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Birth of Poetic Insight During Crisis Times

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Indian Railways has often struggled with many empty seats on trains because individuals cancel at the last-minute or do not show up or exit a train before their final destination. When the train is in motion, the existing static on-board reservation system has no capability for real-time knowledge and distribution of vacant seats or to shuffle them. As a result, the railways are losing revenue for which they have already received money and this is a major issue where RAC and waitlisted passengers do not get confirmation of berths. In this work, an innovative real-time seat management solution, which uses IoT sensors to detect seat occupancy automatically, GPS to track the position of trains and confirm departures, and Firebase Real-time Database for live integration of seat information, is presented. Authenticated users have the opportunity to log in by entering one-time passwords to their mobiles, view missed seats currently available in real time, choose one, and pay for booking through Razorpay. The proposed system allows for immediate allocation of empty seats even after the train leaves, thus ensuring maximum utilization of the available seats without requiring any manual efforts. The initial results indicate successful real-time monitoring and dynamic allocation of tickets.

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Internet of Things (IoT), Real-Time Seat Allocation, Railway Reservation System, Missed Ticket Booking, GPS Tracking, Firebase Realtime Database, Dynamic Ticketing, OTP Authentication

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Swatantra Bharat ke samvidhan nirman mein mahilaon ka aitihasik yogdan Durgabai Deshmukh Sucheta Kriplani aur Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

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Swatantra Bharat ke samvidhan nirman mein mahilaon ka aitihasik yogdan Durgabai Deshmukh Sucheta Kriplani aur Rajkumari Amrit Kaur

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 Abstract

We present a mathematical model for the transition region between Newtonian and non- Newtonian regimes in shear flows, treating the transition as a thin multi-scale boundary layer. Using matched asymptotic expansions (outer Newtonian region, outer non-Newtonian region, and an inner transition layer with stretched variables) we derive leading and higher-order asymptotic solutions for velocity and stress fields. A systematic composite expansion for the Cauchy stress tensor is constructed to produce a uniformly valid approximation across the entire domain. The asymptotic solutions are compared to a reference numerical solution (finite- difference method) to quantify the accuracy of the composite model and to show how material parameters and transition thickness affect profiles and stress continuity. The analysis highlights structural constraints on commonly used rheological models in boundary-layer contexts and provides a general framework for improved closure models in the transition stage. The framework is motivated by multi-scale, model-free approaches and matched asymptotic constraints.

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matched asymptotic, boundary layer, multi-scale expansion, Newtonian -> non- Newtonian transition, composite stress tensor, power-law / Carreau models, asymptotic matching, rheological transition, singular perturbation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition