Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Mathematics anxiety is a major academic concern that can affect students' confidence, participation, and performance in mathematics. The present study, titled "Exploring Mathematics Anxiety among Secondary School Students," aimed to examine the level of mathematics anxiety among secondary school students and determine whether it differs on the basis of gender. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey method. A total sample of 122 secondary school students was selected for the study, including 60 male and 62 female students. Data were collected through a Mathematics Anxiety Scale and analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test. The overall findings indicated that students experienced a moderate level of mathematics anxiety. The mean anxiety score of male students was 88.98, while the mean score of female students was 87.60. Although male students showed a slightly higher mean score, the difference was not statistically significant, t(120) = 0.577, p = 0.565. Therefore, the study found no significant difference in mathematics anxiety between male and female secondary school students. The findings suggest that mathematics anxiety is experienced by both genders almost equally. Hence, teachers, parents, and school counsellors should adopt supportive teaching and counselling strategies for all students to reduce fear and improve confidence in mathematics learning.

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 Keywords

Mathematics anxiety; secondary school students; gender difference; male and female students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the multifaced evolution of Kalamkari,a 3000 year old Indian textile art from its origins as a sacred storytelling medium to its current status as a global symbol of sustainable fashion by analysing the two primary traditional style SRIKALAHASTI and Machilipatnam the research highlight the intricate 23 steps process involving organic dyes and manual craftsmanship The paper further explore contemporary practices where the art has transitioned from temple scrolls to high end couture, adopted by renowed designers like Sabyasachi Mukherjee and Ritu kumar this shift has introduced digital printing and diverse base fabric such as silk and georgette creating a tension between mass production and authentic hand printed heritage.

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 Keywords

Kalamkari, Sustainable textiles, Srikalahasti, Machilipantam, Cultural heritage, India Fashion Natural dye

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are essential elements in detecting and responding to security threats within computer systems and networks. [1].With the increasing complexity of cyber-attacks, traditional detection systems are no longer sufficient, leading to the adoption of machine learning and hybrid detection techniques [2].This paper presents an in-depth study of IDS, including detection methods, architecture, datasets, tools, experimental analysis, and future advancements [3].

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Network Security , IDS , Cyber Attacks , Machine Learning , Deep Learning , Anomaly Detection .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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:This implementation is based on computer vision technology, in this I have developed a system which will process real time video, it will detect the object in real time and track the moving object. The main objective of this system is to detect objects in real time and track that object. Some techniques have been used in this. In this system, YOLO algorithm has been used for object detection and this implementation is based on computer vision. Python language has been used for programming. Deep Sort algorithm has been used for tracking. By using this technique, the object is identified and its framing is done and after this the identified object is put for tracking. Then the DeepSort algorithm gives a different ID to each object and tracks the moving object. After completing this system, a system was developed which Real time object detected and tracked

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

computer vision ,yolo ,deepsort ,real tim system ,opencv

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study evaluated the e-governance services among cities in Central Luzon in terms of: ease of use, accessibility, efficiency, reliability, and responsiveness. It also identified the best practices and their problems encountered on delivering their e-government services. To answer this, the researcher employed a Quantitative Research this is appropriate since the study measured perceptions and examined relationships using numerical data collected from a defined group of respondents. The study reveals that all indicators used to measure e-governance services were rated as agree. However, efficiency obtained the highest mean of 3.99 while ease of use and responsiveness obtained the lowest mean of 3.95. The overall mean of 3.96 across five dimensions was obtained which suggests that respondents generally view digital government platforms as functional and beneficial in facilitating government transactions. The results imply that citizens can access services through digital systems and complete various transactions without relying entirely on traditional in-person procedures. The growing use of online platforms in public administration reflects the broader transition toward digital governance, where technology plays an important role in improving service accessibility and administrative efficiency. In terms of the problems encountered, "Slow system performance affects transactions" was considered as the topmost problems encountered by the respondents with a frequency of 375 or 98.68%. While the least problem raised was the "Data Privacy and security concerns are present" with a frequency of 230 or 60.53%. It should be noted that understanding these concerns is important because the success of digital government services depends not only on the availability of technology but also on how well these systems function in practice. When users encounter recurring problems during transactions, their overall perception of digital government initiatives is affected. Considering all these findings, certain recommendations were proposed, such as reviewing regular transaction procedures to remove unnecessary steps and reducing delays, particularly during busy periods. Improved coordination among offices can also help speed up processing time and continuously monitoring and updating their current system to maintain stable system performance and sustain user trust.

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 Keywords

Accessibility, Administrative efficiency, best practices, Citizen perception, Digital platforms, Ease of use, Efficiency, E-governance, Government transactions, Implementation challenges, Reliability, Responsiveness, Service delivery, System performance, User experience.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Warli art, a traditional tribal art form originating from the Warli community of Maharashtra, India, serves as a visual narrative of the community's socio-cultural life and evolving history. Characterized by its distinctive use of geometric shapes and monochromatic palette on mud walls, Warli paintings historically depicted themes of nature, agriculture, rituals, and communal harmony. However, over time, this art form has transformed significantly, reflecting broader social and historical changes. This study explores how Warli art has adapted to shifting contexts such as urbanization, globalization, and increased interaction with mainstream society. Contemporary Warli artists have begun incorporating modern elements including technology, environmental concerns, education, and social issues into their work, while still retaining traditional motifs and techniques. These changes highlight the dynamic nature of Warli art as both a cultural expression and a medium of storytelling. Furthermore, the transition of Warli art from ritualistic wall paintings to commercial canvases and global markets illustrates changes in economic structures and cultural preservation strategies. While commercialization has provided new opportunities for artists, it also raises questions about authenticity and cultural identity. By examining traditional and contemporary Warli artworks, this paper underscores how Warli art not only preserves the heritage of the community but also acts as a living document of social transformation and historical progression.

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 Keywords

Tradition, modernization, tribal life, urbanization, cultural change, rituals, nature, symbolism, globalization, heritage, transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The healthcare sector's rapid digitization has fundamentally transformed the delivery of medical services, enabling efficient data management, real-time patient monitoring, and improved clinical outcomes. Technologies such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), telemedicine platforms, and cloud-based health systems have significantly enhanced accessibility and operational efficiency. However, this digital evolution has also expanded the sector's vulnerability to cyber threats. The highly sensitive nature of patient data, combined with reliance on interconnected digital infrastructure, makes healthcare institutions particularly attractive targets for cybercriminals. Incidents such as ransomware attacks, phishing schemes, and large-scale data breaches not only result in financial losses but also disrupt critical healthcare services and compromise patient safety. In this context, Cyber Risk Insurance has emerged as an essential risk transfer and mitigation mechanism, enabling healthcare organizations to manage the financial and operational consequences of cyber incidents. This study undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of cyber risk insurance frameworks in India, the United States, and the European Union. It critically examines how regulatory regimes particularly the HIPAA, GDPR, and Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 influence the design, scope, and effectiveness of cyber insurance policies within the healthcare sector. Using a doctrinal and comparative research methodology, the study analyzes key dimensions such as policy coverage, exclusions, underwriting practices, premium determination, and claims settlement mechanisms. It further explores the role of regulatory enforcement, market maturity, and technological integration, including the adoption of InsurTech solutions, in shaping cyber insurance ecosystems. The analysis reveals significant disparities across jurisdictions: while the United States and the European Union demonstrate relatively mature, standardized, and well-regulated cyber insurance markets, India's framework remains in a developmental phase, characterized by regulatory ambiguity, limited actuarial data, and inconsistent policy structures. The article concludes that strengthening cyber risk insurance in India requires a multi-faceted approach, including regulatory harmonization, policy standardization, enhanced enforcement of data protection laws, and increased integration of advanced technologies. These reforms are essential to building a resilient healthcare cybersecurity ecosystem capable of effectively addressing evolving cyber threats.

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 Keywords

Cyber Risk Insurance, Healthcare Cybersecurity, Data Breach Liability, GDPR, HIPAA, InsurTech, Comparative Law, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Protective discrimination has been one of the most debated features of the Indian constitution. Designed primarily to correct historical injustices and structural inequalities rooted in caste hierarchy and social exclusion, reservation policies have played a crucial role in shaping India's social justice agenda. The framers of the Constitution, particularly B. R. Ambedkar envisioned affirmative action as a mechanism to ensure substantive equality rather than merely formal equality. However over time, the policy has generated intense debates regarding merit, efficiency, and political instrumentalisation. This paper critically examines the philosophical foundations, constitutional provisions, advantages, criticisms, and legal evolution of affirmative action in India. It also analyses contemporary data to assess whether reservation policies have significantly contributed to social mobility and representation among historically marginalized communities. By examining key judicial pronouncements such as the Indra Sawhney case and constitutional developments including the 103rd Constitutional Amendment introducing Economic Weaker Section (EWS) reservation for economical backward, the study evaluates how the concept of positive discrimination has evolved. The paper concludes by suggesting reforms that can balance social justice with merit-based competition while strengthening the broader goal of an inclusive democratic society.

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 Keywords

Reservation Policy, Indian Constitution, Social Justice, Meritocracy, Equality, Positive Action

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Landslides are one of those disasters that don't always make headlines, but when they do, the damage is often devastating--especially in mountainous regions like the Himalayas or the Western Ghats. In most cases, heavy or prolonged rainfall quietly builds up pressure within the soil until, suddenly, the slope gives way. Predicting such events is not straightforward, mainly because rainfall behaves differently across regions, and terrain conditions vary just as much. In this work, we propose a Region-Adaptive Artificial In- telligence Framework (RAAF) that attempts to handle this complexity more realistically. Instead of relying on a single snapshot of rainfall, the model looks at how rainfall evolves over time--capturing short-term bursts as well as longer-term accumulation. To do this, we combine Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for understanding spatial terrain patterns with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks that learn how rainfall changes over days or even weeks. One practical challenge we focused on is that models trained in one region often fail in another. To address this, we incorporate a transfer learning mechanism that allows the model to adapt using limited data from new regions. Our results show that combining multi-temporal rainfall data with region-adaptive learning improves prediction accuracy to over 91

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 Keywords

Landslide Prediction, Deep Learning, CNN- LSTM, Multi-Temporal Rainfall, Transfer Learning, Disaster Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The bifurcation of Indian states, though intended to improve governance and meet local aspirations, can catalyse significant environmental and ecological challenges. This is acutely evident in the case of Uttarakhand, formed in 2000 from Uttar Pradesh, which occupies a critical swath of the Himalayas--an ecologically fragile and vital region. This paper critically examines the adverse impacts on Uttarakhand's environment post-bifurcation, focusing on deforestation, biodiversity loss, glacial and riverine stress, heightened disaster vulnerability, and governance challenges. The analysis underscores the need for urgent institutional reform, participative environmental governance, and development models that align with the unique vulnerabilities of the Himalayan ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Wildlife, forest

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition