Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Crop diseases significantly impact agricultural productivity and food security worldwide. Early and accurate identification of crop diseases is crucial for effective management and prevention of yield loss. Traditional methods of disease detection rely heavily on expert knowledge and manual inspections, which are timeconsuming, subjective, and often inaccessible in remote areas. To overcome these limitations, this study explores the use of deep learning models for the automatic identification of crop diseases. By leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a widely used deep learning architecture, we trained a model on a publicly available dataset of infected and healthy crop leaf images. The system was designed to classify multiple types of diseases across various crop species with high accuracy. The model was trained and validated using techniques like data augmentation, transfer learning, and fine-tuning of pre-trained networks (e.g., VGG16, ResNet50) to improve performance and generalisation. The proposed deep learning-based approach offers a scalable, efficient, and low-cost solution for crop disease detection that can be integrated into mobile applications or deployed on IoT devices for real-time monitoring. This system holds great potential for empowering farmers with actionable insights, reducing dependence on expert intervention, and improving overall crop health management practices.

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Crop Disease Detection, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Image Classification, Precision Agriculture, VGG16, ResNet50, Smart Farming, Plant Health Monitoring, Transfer Learning.

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In recent years, the rapid growth of Android applications has intensified the need for secure mobile software, while many existing vulnerability detection techniques still depend heavily on manual review and runtime testing. The proposed Static Analyzer of Vulnerabilities in Android Applications seeks to automate this task by introducing a static analysis framework that identifies insecure coding practices directly from decompiled APK files. Unlike traditional dynamic scanners, the system applies regex-based and rule-driven inspection to application source code, manifest files, and Smali components without executing the app. The analysis core is implemented using Python and integrates reverse engineering tools such as JADX and APKTool for efficient extraction and processing. Detected issues, including API misuse, hardcoded credentials, and permission misconfigurations, are automatically consolidated into structured HTML and JSON reports. A lightweight interface enables developers to upload APKs and review categorized vulnerability findings with ease. Rule-based filtering is used to reduce false positives and improve detection reliability. Validation on benchmark datasets demonstrates that the framework achieves strong accuracy, scalability, and low computational overhead. By combining automated static analysis with clear and intuitive reporting, the proposed approach streamlines Android vulnerability detection into a fast, accessible, and developer-friendly security assessment process.

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Static Analysis, Android Security, Regex-Based Detection, Rule Engine, APK Decompilation, Vulnerability Reporting.

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ABSTRACT - An Intelligent Emergency Health Monitoring and Smart Doctor Dispatch System is an advanced healthcare solution designed to enhance rapid response and decision-making during medical emergencies. The system integrates artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and real-time data analytics to continuously monitor a patient's vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. By analyzing these parameters, Med altert AI can detect abnormal patterns and predict potential health risks before they become life-threatening .The core feature of Med altert AI is its intelligent alert mechanism, which automatically notifies emergency services, caregivers, and nearby medical professionals when critical conditions are identified. Unlike traditional emergency systems that rely on manual reporting, this platform ensures instant, accurate, and automated communication. The smart doctor dispatch module uses AI-based algorithms to locate and assign the most suitable and nearest available medical professionals based on specialization, availability, and distance, significantly reducing response time. Med altert AI also includes a centralized dashboard that allows hospitals and emergency responders to access real-time patient data, medical history, and location information. This enables healthcare providers to prepare appropriate treatment even before reaching the patient. The system is designed to be scalable and adaptable, making it suitable for hospitals, elderly care centers, remote areas, and home healthcare environments .By combining continuous health monitoring, predictive analytics, and intelligent resource allocation, Med altert AI aims to minimize delays in emergency care, improve patient survival rates, and reduce the burden on healthcare infrastructure. It represents a step toward smarter, faster, and more reliable emergency healthcare services, ensuring that patients receive timely medical attention with precision and efficiency.

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Keywords:Intelligent Healthcare System, Emergency Health Monitoring, Smart Doctor Dispatch, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT).

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Inclusive education has become an important concern in Indian higher education, particularly after the National Education Policy 2020 and the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. The present paper examines the relevance of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as a practical framework for making higher education more accessible, flexible, and learner-centred. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature and is based on secondary sources such as policy documents, books, reports, and scholarly literature. The paper argues that inclusion cannot be achieved only through admission or reservation; it also requires changes in curriculum, classroom practices, assessment, infrastructure, and teacher preparedness. UDL offers a useful approach because it encourages multiple ways of presenting content, engaging learners, and assessing learning. The paper concludes that UDL can strengthen inclusive education in Indian higher education if it is supported by teacher training, accessible infrastructure, institutional policy, and a positive attitude towards learner diversity.

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- Universal Design for Learning, Inclusive Education, Higher Education, NEP 2020, Disability, Accessibility, Teacher Education.

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Teacher involvement in discipline management is a critical determinant of student discipline and the attainment of positive educational outcomes. Existing literature identifies teacher engagement as a central input in effective school management. In Kisumu West Sub-County, student indiscipline has remained a concern, with an average of 85 students suspended annually between 2020 and 2022, compared to the Kisumu County average of 75. Against this backdrop, the study sought to establish the relationship between teacher involvement in discipline management and the achievement of student discipline in public secondary schools in Kisumu West Sub-County, Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between teacher preventive, interventive, and restorative involvement in discipline management and student discipline outcomes. The study adopted a correlational research design and was grounded in the learners' discipline management model, which emphasizes strong teacher-student relationships, anticipatory classroom management, addressing root causes of indiscipline, regenerative approaches, and learner responsibility for behavior. The target population comprised 39 principals, 39 deputy principals in charge of administration, 542 teachers, 1,980 student council members, and one Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officer (SCQASO). Using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table, a sample of 225 teachers, 322 student council members, 35 principals, and 35 deputy principals was selected. Stratified random sampling was used for teachers and student councils, census sampling for principals and deputy principals, and purposive sampling for the SCQASO. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews, with validity ensured by experts from Maseno University and reliability established through pilot testing and Cronbach's alpha. Findings revealed that preventive teacher involvement was highly practiced, with teachers reporting strong engagement in motivating learners, team building, and social skills development. Students also affirmed practices such as arriving in school on time and attending all lessons. Preventive involvement showed a strong positive relationship with student discipline (r = 0.879, p < 0.01). Interventive involvement, including parental engagement and consistent punishment, also demonstrated a significant positive relationship with discipline (r = 0.654, p < 0.01). Similarly, restorative involvement such as counseling and learner reintegration was positively associated with student discipline (r = 0.551, p < 0.01). Similarly, school principals, deputy principals and SCQASO observed that teacher preventive, interventive, and restorative involvement in discipline management had a huge impact in shaping the student discipline outcomes. The study concludes that while all three approaches are important, preventive strategies exert the strongest influence on discipline outcomes, followed by interventive and restorative practices. It recommends strengthening motivational and preventive programs, ensuring consistency and parental collaboration in interventions, and mainstreaming restorative practices such as counseling and reintegration, while further research should examine contextual differences across schools and the long-term academic and social effects of restorative discipline approaches

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Teacher Involvement, Discipline Management, Student Discipline, Preventive, Restorative, Interventive, Involvement

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This paper examines the emergence of Nepal-China cultural connections and their implications for India-Nepal relations. It addresses the central question: How does the deepening cultural diplomacy between Nepal and China affect India's traditional influence and strategic interests in Nepal? The study synthesizes historical and contemporary evidence to show that Chinese cultural diplomacy - encompassing Confucius Institutes, language programs, scholarships, media presence, tourism promotion, and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) symbolism - has intensified in Nepal since the 2000s. These efforts form part of China's broader soft power strategy in South Asia (Kumar, 2025) (Jiadong & Thapa, 2026). While China's cultural outreach has increased its visibility and influence, India's deep-rooted religious, linguistic, and people-to-people ties still underpin strong Nepali affinity toward India (Singh, 2022) (The GreatNepalTreks blog, 2024). The analysis finds that China's cultural connect is reshaping the regional power balance: Nepali public surveys and experts suggest India's primacy is subtly challenged but not yet displaced (Singh, 2022) (Republica, 2019). By examining case studies (e.g. Kathmandu's Confucius Institute, Sino-Nepal cultural events, high-level visits), and by comparing Chinese and Indian cultural instruments, the paper critically assesses constraints on China's influence and Nepal's own agency. Nepal has adopted a "multi-alignment" approach: it leverages both neighbors to advance its development and sovereignty. Finally, the paper also forwards some policy recommendations for all the players. These findings integrate realism, soft power, and constructivist perspectives. The study uses qualitative analysis of treaties, official documents, media reports, and scholarly sources.

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Nepal-China relations, cultural diplomacy, soft power, India-Nepal ties, Belt and Road Initiative, Confucius Institute.

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Hangwoman : Everyone Loves a Good Hanging is a Malayalam novel written by K R Meera. The novel was published as a book by DC Books in 2012.It was translated by J Devika into English. In Malayalam title the novel was named as ' Aarachar'. The novel was originally serialized in Madhyamam Weekly in continuous 53 volumes. The English publisher of the novel was Hamish Hamilton. The novel brought Kerala Sahithya Acadami Award (2013) , Odakkuzhal Award (2013), Vayalar Award(2014), Kendra Sahithya Acadami Award(2015), Muttathu varky Award in 2018.It was short listed for the 2016 DSC Prize for South Asian Literature.

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Feminism, Patriarchy, Stereotypes, Hangwomen

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"Health Care Card - Swasthya Protection Prevention Mission (SPPM)" is a technological solution created with the purpose of enhancing the process of managing patient medical records while increasing their protection from any possible data loss, duplication, and late availability of necessary medical information especially in cases of emergency situations. The suggested system is based on the use of smart technology involving a health care card, a QR-code, and password protection. The QR-code contains a unique number which identifies patients and ensures quick and safe access to medical records. This technology allows for achieving better quality of healthcare services by making the process efficient, error-proof and safe as well as faster and easier to operate. SPPM card will provide a secure and convenient way of managing medical information in a healthcare environment.

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Health Care Card - Swasthya Protection Prevention Mission

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moderate intensity neuromuscular training on speed and agility among university soccer players. Thirty subjects aged 18-25 years were randomly assigned into two groups: Moderate Intensity Training Group (MITG), and Control Group (CG). The experimental groups underwent neuromuscular training for 8 weeks, while the control group maintained their routine. Variables such as speed and agility, were measured pre- and post-intervention. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant improvements in speed and agility among experimental groups, with the moderate intensity group showing greater improvements. The study concludes that moderate intensity neuromuscular training is effective in enhancing physical performance and body composition.

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Neuromuscular Training, Motor Fitness, Body Composition, Training Intensity, Physical Performance

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The rapid integration of artificial intelligence into enterprise technology ecosystems is fundamentally transforming the roles, responsibilities, and required competencies of IT professionals across industries. This research investigates the multifaceted evolution of IT professional roles driven by AI adoption, examining how traditional technical functions are being augmented, redefined, or in some cases displaced by intelligent automation. Through systematic analysis of industry reports, workforce surveys, and case studies across diverse sectors, this study identifies five critical dimensions of role transformation: task automation and augmentation where AI assumes routine technical tasks enabling professionals to focus on strategic activities, skill set evolution requiring proficiency in machine learning operations and AI governance, organizational repositioning as IT professionals transition from technology implementers to strategic business enablers, ethical and governance responsibilities surrounding algorithmic accountability and bias mitigation, and continuous learning imperatives necessitating perpetual skills updating amid rapid technological change. The research introduces a comprehensive framework mapping traditional IT roles including software developers, systems administrators, data analysts, cybersecurity professionals, and IT support specialists to their AI-enhanced counterparts, documenting displaced tasks, augmented capabilities, and emergent responsibilities. Empirical analysis of workforce data from 500 organizations across technology, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing sectors reveals that 68% of IT tasks considered routine in 2015 have been partially or fully automated by 2025, while demand for AI-adjacent skills including machine learning engineering, data pipeline development, and algorithmic auditing has increased 340%. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for IT professionals navigating this transition, organizational policies supporting workforce adaptation, and educational reforms aligning computer science curricula with AI-augmented professional requirements.

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IT Professionals, AI Adoption, Workforce Transformation, Automation, Skills Evolution, MLOps, AI Governance, Career Development, Technology Employment, Human-AI Collaboration, Reskilling, IT Roles.

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