Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The genus Zingiberaceae has been widely used for phytotherapeutic purposes in traditional medicine throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental studies have established that inflammation caused by chronic infections represents a risk factor for different forms of cancer. The objective of this study was focused on determining the anti-inflammatory capacity and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) . Herbal suppositories offer an effective alternative to conventional drug delivery, particularly for localized treatment of rectal conditions such as hemorrhoids, inflammation, and infections. Cardamom (*Elettaria cardamomum) possesses significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it a promising candidate for suppository formulation. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties through multiple mechanisms, making it a promising therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions. Studies demonstrate that cardamom extracts reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies show cardamom's efficacy in reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema and tamoxifen-induced liver damage by attenuating oxidative stress and pyroptosis markers Clinical applications include its use in periodontal infections due to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory synergy Cardamom's safety is evidenced by its non-cytotoxic profile in cell lines . These findings highlight its potential as a multifunctional anti-inflammatory agent for both preventive and therapeutic interventions. This abstract integrates key findings from the search results, emphasizing mechanisms, bioactive components, and clinical relevance. Let me know if you'd like to focus on specific aspects (e.g., molecular pathways or clinical studies) for further detail.

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Keywords: anti-inflammatory, Curcuma longa, cytokines, cytotoxic activity, Elettaria cardamomum, extracts, inflammation, medicinal plants, natural products, phytochemicals

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Customer retention is a critical metric for business sustainability and growth, particularly in competitive market environments where acquiring new customers incurs significantly higher costs than retaining existing ones. This study presents a data-driven approach to enhancing customer retention strategies using RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) segmentation, integrated with predictive analytics. By analyzing historical transaction data through RFM metrics, customers were segmented into distinct clusters to uncover behavioral patterns and purchase tendencies. Predictive modeling techniques, such as decision trees and logistic regression, were employed to identify key drivers influencing customer churn and loyalty. The outcomes were visualized through interactive dashboards using Tableau to support strategic decision-making. This research contributes to the field of business analytics by demonstrating how predictive RFM segmentation can provide actionable insights for improving marketing effectiveness and increasing customer lifetime value. The approach is particularly valuable for organizations seeking scalable solutions to personalize retention strategies and foster long-term customer engagement.

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 Keywords

Customer Retention, RFM Segmentation, Predictive Analytics, Business Intelligence, Tableau, Customer Lifetime Value

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cu doping, SEM, XRD, PL spectra, UV-visible.

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This paper presents the design Implementation and Performance Analysis of Multiplier Architecture. The proposed architecture focuses on Efficient multiplier designs are crucial in modern digital systems where speed, power, and area are key performance metrics. This work presents the design, implementation, and comparative analysis of three widely used multiplier architectures. Array, Wallace tree, and Braun Multipliers. A mirror logic-based full adder was developed as the fundamental building block to ensure uniformity across designs. Each architecture was modeled and simulated using DSCH 3.5 for schematic design and Microwind 2.0 for layout implementation and verification. Performance was evaluated in terms of propagation delay and power consumption. The results highlight trade-offs between speed and complexity, with the Wallace Tree multiplier demonstrating superior speed performance due to its hierarchical structure.

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Array, Wallace tree, and Braun Multipliers, DSCH 3.5, Microwind 2, Low-Power Design, mirror logic architecture.

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In the classical art form of Kathakali, Aharya -- encompassing costume and makeup -- plays a pivotal role in the transformation of an actor into a character. This metamorphosis takes place in the Nepathya or backstage, a space seldom seen but vital to the theatrical experience. It is here that the actor is visually shaped into the role, long before stepping onto the stage. The backstage is more than a physical location; it represents the holistic preparation behind the performance, including set elements like the stage structure (rangamandapam), seating, props, headgear, ornaments, curtains, lighting (lamps, torches), and even symbolic elements like trees and chariots. Each of these contributes to creating the right atmosphere and conveying the character's state of being. The Natyashastra, the ancient treatise on dramaturgy, outlines thirteen essential aspects of drama, among which Rasa (aesthetic essence) is central. The remaining twelve -- including Abhinaya (acting) -- serve to support the realization of Rasa. Abhinaya is further divided into four components: Angika (gestural), Vachika (verbal), Satvika (emotional), and Aharya (costume and makeup). This clearly positions Aharya as an inseparable part of expressive performance. As noted by Panditaratnam K.P. Narayana Pisharody in his translation of the Natyashastra, once an actor visually embodies a character, expressive acting becomes significantly more natural and effective. The essence of a king, a madman, or any character is conveyed through appearance even before a single gesture is made -- such is the power of Aharya. This visual clarity allows the audience to instantly grasp the nature of the role. This paper delves into how such visual character definitions through Aharya lead to the classification of characters in Kathakali, exploring how external aesthetics reflect internal traits.

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Kathakali, Aharya Abhinaya, Character Classification, Natyashastra, Visual Semiotics

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Housing, alongside food and clothing, is a core component of human well-being and a critical determinant of sustainable development. Adequate housing not only supports physical and psychological health but also supports social stability, economic productivity, and environmental sustainability. In the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 11, which seeks to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, access to secure, affordable, and quality housing is paramount. In this backdrop, the thrust of the present paper is to evaluate the performance of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) in advancing sustainable rural housing by providing permanent dwellings and associated basic amenities to households below the poverty line, and to identify the problems being faced by the respondents as well as the officials involved in dealing with the scheme. A comparative analysis of housing quality and access to essential services between beneficiary and non-beneficiary households in the Jammu and Doda districts of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has also been carried out. Empirical evidence is drawn from a structured primary survey encompassing 320 rural households, comprising 160 PMAY-G beneficiaries and 160 non-beneficiaries. After conducting the survey through personal interview method, the findings of the study are that even after six years of scheme implementation in the study area, approximately 65% of the rural households remain outside the program's coverage. Furthermore, a significant proportion of households continue to lack access to other civic amenities such as individual sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, and clean cooking fuel, thereby posing challenges to achieving inclusive and sustainable rural development.

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PMAY-G, Sustainable Development, Rural Housing, Basic Amenities, SDGs, Jammu and Kashmir, Policy Evaluation

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The Sundarban is a deltaic complex created by deposition of sediments by the rivers of Ganga and Brahmaputra, forming the world's largest wetland ecosystem. Studies done in the past points out to the changing nature of erosion and accretion process of the Sundarban Islands. This change is brought by many factors which are both natural as well as anthropogenic like storm surges, sea level rise, rainfall patterns, land reclamation for agriculture and settlement, etc. An attempt is made to study the changes of the Sundarban land and resources. The study is confined only to the Indian part of the Sundarban. The analysis is performed to examine the change of area of few selected northern and southern islands of the Sundarban region over time from 1988 to 2016. An attempt is made to study the changes in temporal configuration of the Bhangaduni Island in the said period. Furthermore an attempt is also made to analyze, examine and predict the scenario of the Bhangaduni Island by statistical analysis based on mathematical modeling.

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Sundarbans, erosion, accretion, Bhangaduni Island, prediction.

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The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of online teaching on the academic achievement of B.Ed. students in the pedagogy of physical science. Specifically, the study sought to: (1) evaluate the impact of online teaching on student achievement, (2) identify significant differences between control and experimental groups based on selected variables, and (3) explore the overall influence of online instruction on learning outcomes in physical science. An experimental research design was employed, with a sample of 100 B.Ed. students from Chennai. A self-constructed achievement test developed by the researcher served as the primary instrument for data collection. The findings indicated that online teaching is significantly more effective than traditional teaching methods in enhancing student achievement in physical science pedagogy. Based on these results, it is recommended that online teaching strategies can be extended to other educational levels and implemented in all B.Ed. colleges across Tamil Nadu to promote effective science education.

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Online Teaching, B.Ed. Students, Physical Science Pedagogy, Experimental Method

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Ladyfinger (Abelmoschus esculentus) is very prone to bacterial diseases, and the bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one such disease that presents formidable challenges in the domain of agricultural production. The current research work has been carried out with a view to ascertain the anti-bacterial potential of phytochemicals against some of the bacterial diseases in ladyfinger, particularly against Ralstonia solanacearum. Computational methodologies have been adopted in the present study by using a combination of bioinformatics tools for evaluating antibacterial potential with molecular docking studies of antibacterial phytochemicals. The MBGD database was used to identify candidate genes of Ralstonia solanacearum. Building and analysis of gene networks were done using Cytoscape and STRING. Then, the hub gene identification was performed with CytoHubba based on the following 12 parameters: MCC, DMNC, MNC, Degree, EPC, Bottleneck, EcCentricity, Closeness, Radiality, Betweenness, Stress, Clustering coefficient. The 'obg' identified hub gene was further modeled in SWISS-MODEL for its protein structure prediction. Literature studies were used to identify potential phytochemical ligands, which were further screened virtually using ADMETLab 3.0 according to their ligand properties for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. Molecular docking studies were finally done using SeamDock, taking the identified priority gene as the receptor and the 20 screened phytochemicals. Molecular docking studies revealed the antibacterial potential of Conessine (C24H40N2) obtained from stem bark of Holarrhena floribunda (-9.01 kcal/mol), member of family Apocynaceae, to be a drug of efficacy for the treatment of bacterial wilt in ladyfinger plants. The results indicate several phytochemical candidates, possibly from plants of renowned antimicrobial properties, to show promising interactions with the Ralstonia solanacearum hub gene. It uses computational and experimental approaches to enhance the understanding of natural compounds in controlling bacterial diseases in ladyfinger cultivation.

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Ralstonia solanacearum, ladyfinger, obg gene, Conessine, network biology

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Our app society management combines live CCTV surveillance and robust threat detection for enhanced security and efficiency in community administration. The application thus offers society administrators and residents an opportunity for real-time video feeds from surveillance cameras on premise to maintain vigilance. It has features such as AI-based threat detection, which can utilize computer vision techniques such as object detection and motion tracking to identify potential security threats, such as unauthorized access, anomalous motion or dangerous objects such as weapons for example. Apart from this, the application also supports alerting messages, as well as notifications and emergency alerts for more effective management of residents for a safer and more organized stay. All these aspects put together serve as a holistic solution for modern residential communities.

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Society Management, Threat Detection, CCTV Monitoring, Event Booking

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