Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Technology for communication has improved recently for 5G and ultra-wideband applications; a circular slot pentagonal patch antenna array is created. To enhance the antenna's effectiveness, a pentagonal patch antenna is created within a circular slot. A bandwidth and return loss both help to lower an antenna's size. It is designed to work in the 3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband frequency range as well as the 1 GHz-6 GHz 5G communication frequency range. For this reason, the traditional pentagonal patch antenna with various slots has good return loss. An antenna with a pentagonal shape is proposed in the work to be done in order to increase efficiency, provide good radiation performance, and reduce manufacturing costs and size. HFSS software was used to design the suggested aerial. We've looked at the antenna's properties, including return loss, gain, and radiation pattern.

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 Keywords

PENTAGONAL PATCH ANTENNA, CIRCULAR SLOT, 5G , UWB BAND, BANDWIDTH, GAIN.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vegetable cultivation is emerging as an essential component of agricultural growth in Himachal Pradesh. The main objective of this study is to analyse the spatial-temporal changes in vegetable cultivation across the districts of Himachal Pradesh from 1990-91 to 2020-21. This study is based on secondary data collected from the annual season and crop reports of Himachal Pradesh. It notes that vegetable cultivation has increased over the years, with notable shifts in its distribution from a few high-performing districts to a broader regional spread. Consequently, new districts have entered the high vegetable cultivation category, while some districts remain in the low category due to climatic and infrastructure limitations. Furthermore, it identifies suitable climatic conditions, availability of irrigation, market linkages, and improved technologies as important factors driving temporal trends. In low-performing districts, the government must provide training and raise awareness among farmers regarding off-season vegetable cultivation and protected farming techniques.

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 Keywords

Agriculture, Cultivation, Climate, Hill Farming, Spatio-temporal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

There are definite rules laid out by authorities about driving cars on roads. The most common rule in any country is speed limit in certain roads i.e. you will be in violation of the law if your car speed exceeds this limit.In order to detect the speed of a moving car, the patrolling officers usually depend on a handheld gun that works on Radar Technology or Lidar Technology. This is a tedious process as the officer has to manually check for over speeding for each vehicle. Vehicle Speed Detection or Vehicle Speed Measurement using IR Sensor and Arduino UNO In this tutorial, we will measure the speed of the vehicle using IR sensor, Arduino, and 16x2 LCD. In this project, we will use two IR sensors and place it at a certain distance. As we know that to measure the speed we need distance and time. In order to find time, we will use the logic that the first IR sensor will detect whether there is some vehicle present in front of the sensor or not. Then the timer will start and will measure the duration up to the second IR sensor. The time we will get will be in milliseconds, so, in order to convert milliseconds into seconds, we will divide it by 1000. In this project, we have placed the two IR sensors at a distance of 20 centimeters which is equal to 0.2 meters. Now, we want our measured speed to be displayed in the kilometers per hour. So, in order to get the values in the kilometer per hour, we will use the following equation. 1m/s = Km/1000 x 3600/hr = 3.6Km/ hr 1m/s = 3.6Km/hr This logic will be used in our coding to measure the speed of the vehicle.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

keyword:%20Arduino,%20IR%20sensor,%20Buzzer,%20Lcd%20display,%20Speed,%20Vehicle

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Interactive dashboards have become essential tools for businesses in the age of big data, enabling real-time visual representation of data and decision-making. This research explores their impact on business analytics performance, focusing on usability, efficiency, and value. Utilizing a mixed-methods strategy--comprising surveys, interviews, and case studies--the research evaluates how dashboards influence decision-making speed, user satisfaction, and overall business outcomes. Findings indicate that dashboards significantly enhance performance, with 78% of users rating them as easy to use and 85% reporting faster decision-making. However, challenges such as scalability and user adoption persist, with 20% of users citing unmet needs. Case studies from retail, healthcare, and manufacturing highlight tangible benefits, including a 15% sales increase in retail. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for optimizing dashboard design, improving scalability, and enhancing user training, offering actionable insights that enable businesses to utilize dashboards to achieve a competitive edge.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Interactive Dashboards, Business Analytics, Usability, Decision-Making, Performance Improvement, Scalability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

XSS or Cross-site Scripting is one of the most damaging attacks done to web applications security wise, since it lets assailants insert harmful scripts to webpages which users can easily access. Moreover, these attacks can result in session hijacking, account takeover, and data breach. Detection using rules is a common technique; however, XSS detection is too complex for this static approach due to its evolving and concealed nature. More flexible methods are required. The contribution of this work is in employing machine learning algorithms (ML) to improve detection systems of XSS attacks while enhancing the accuracy and lowering false positives when compared to previous techniques. By utilizing supervised learning, our model is trained on an exhaustive dataset containing both malicious and benign labels making it capable of pattern detection and classification at suspicious levels. We study other ML techniques such as Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, and adaptable Deep learning and analyze them on their precision, recall and overall runtime efficiency. This project proposes a framework of machine learning algorithms that allows for the real-time detection and mitigation of XSS attacks. The proposed approach is based on the supervised learning techniques that contain pre-labeled data, which makes it feasible to distinguish between valid and malicious HTTP requests.

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 Keywords

XSS, benign, Machine learning, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Deep learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This review paper investigates the use of steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in high-strength concrete, a promising approach to enhancing concrete properties and promoting sustainable construction practices. Steel slag, a by-product of the steel manufacturing process, offers high density, hardness, and angularity, which can improve the mechanical properties of concrete. The study systematically reviews the influence of varying steel slag content on key parameters such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, comparing it with conventional fine aggregates. The research indicates that incorporating steel slag can significantly enhance the compressive strength of high-strength concrete due to its superior binding properties and improved particle packing density. Moreover, the angular nature of steel slag particles contributes to better interlocking within the concrete matrix, thereby increasing tensile and flexural strengths. The review also examines the durability aspects of steel slag concrete, including its resistance to chemical attack, chloride penetration etc., highlighting its suitability for harsh environmental conditions. this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges of using steel slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, emphasizing its technical, environmental, and economic advantages. It calls for further research to standardize the use of steel slag in concrete and to explore innovative processing techniques to mitigate any adverse effects on concrete properties. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable materials in construction and supports the development of more eco-friendly and durable concrete solutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Steel slag, High-strength concrete, Fine aggregate replacement, Mechanical properties, Chemical attack resistance, Sustainable construction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A test for Scientific Creativity was formed and tested on secondary school students in this study. Hu and Adey (2002) created a Scientific Creativity Structure Model (SCSM) by examining what Scientific Creativity involves, as stated in various research papers. This model was tried out in China with fifty science teachers. Using their analysis, observations, and experience with the Torrance tests, a 7-item scale to measure the scientific creativity of secondary students was designed and validated with data from 160 students based in England. Analyses were made on each item to evaluate how well different groups did, if items consistently measured the same thing, whether scorers rated the same way, and if the questions were appropriate and aligned with the construct being measured. Analyses demonstrated that the results are trustworthy. The test by Hu and Adey (2002) was adapted, replacing apple with mango in the seventh question of the test. The test of Hu and Adey (2002) was used in the Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state. After thoroughly understanding the SCSM of Hu and Adey (2002), a model of 24 cells and a formula of 24 cells were designed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Scientific Creativity, Secondary School Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Herbal Medicine, an ancient practice dating back to the earliest civilizations, has beena mainstay in modern healthcare development. The current work concentrates on the preparation of Ayurvedic tablets from different Ayurvedic drugs by the direct compression technique. They have ingredients such as Triphala Churna, Jeera Churna, Liquorice Root Powder, Peppermint Leaves Powder, Black Salt, Sunthee Churna, and Ajwain. The tablets were tested for different pharmaceutical parameters like appearance, hardness, friability, disintegration, and dissolution. Findings showed that the tablets complied with the standards required for pharmaceutical quality. This study proves to be the viability of formulating tablet formulations using Ayurvedic ingredients as possible alternatives to conventional herbal medicine administration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

? Triphala Churna, ? Jeera Churna, ? Liquorice Root Powder, ? Peppermint Leaves Powder, ? Black Salt.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

According to the scriptures that have documented Indian education system, Music has always been a very important part of the curriculum. Music has a place of primacy in Indian culture in traditional aesthetics. Music is often allegorised as 'the food of the soul'. It symbolises India's remarkable diversity in cultural, linguistic and religious terms. Indian Music needs a comprehensive approach to churn out young musicians under different disciplines in an atmosphere of willingness, cordiality backed by discipline and most innovative teaching curriculum, designed to keep the curiosity of students alive and fresh throughout their training period. Music is a creative domain that needs a creative approach in adapting the teaching methodology and delivering the course. In this paper, I have tried to explain how "Out of Class Academic Collaboration" has a very important role to ensure perfect delivery, assimilation and help music aspirants to reach the set goals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Music Education, Teaching Methodology, Out of Class Academic Collaboration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The sense of sight is central to the way that human beings perceive and interact with their environment. In visually impaired individuals, vision loss presents enormous difficulties in the ability to detect obstacles and measure distance, making daily navigation challenging and dangerous. In an effort to overcome these challenges, we suggest implementing an AI-based object detection, distance measurement, and sound feedback system into a smart blind stick. In contrast to other conventional systems, our system employs a cost-effective and lightweight Node-MCU microcontroller, three ultrasonic sensors, and a small speaker to provide real-time support. The ultrasonic sensors are well positioned to sense nearby objects and accurately measure the distance of the objects. Such information is read by the Node-MCU and converted into real-time voice signals through a speaker, which allows people to sense their environment via sound. Besides, AI aid is used in sophisticated navigation. The system has an easy-to use interface and can be used for both outdoor and indoor environments. It provides increased mobility and independence to the blind users by integrating effective intelligent navigation distance measurement. The outcome is a low-power, reliable, and scalable solution that greatly enhances safety and independence in everyday life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Blind Stick, Obstacle Detection, Ultrasonic Sensors, Node-MCU, Distance Measurement, Voice Feedback, AI Navigation, Assistive Technology, Visually Impaired Aid

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition