Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This paper provides a view of the Latch-up problem in CMOS ICs. It shows how latch-up forms in CMOS ICs. In this paper, a Latch-up circuit model is displayed, and the circuit has been analyzed. This paper studies the causes of latch-ups and shows various methods to stop latch-ups. This paper provides a solution to the latch-up problem and conditions for stopping latch-up in CMOS ICs so that device failure can be avoided.

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Latch-up, CMOS IC, SCR, Guard rings, ESD

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The skin is the body's largest and most visible organ, acting as a protective barrier against mechanical trauma, and infections. It also plays key roles in thermoregulation, fluid conservation, excretion, and sensory perception. The pores in the skin play an essential role in hair nourishment, detoxification, and maintaining healthy skin. Therefore, any anatomical or physiological abnormalities in the skin can cause various skin disorders such as acne, psoriasis, hyperpigmentation, and skin allergies. The concept of Dushivisha in Ayurveda is quite unique. It refers to a low-potency poison that gradually vitiates the Dhatus (body tissues). In relation to Raktadhatu (blood tissue), Dushivisha is associated with the manifestation of various skin disorders described in the classical texts, including Kustha, Visarpa, Shitpitta, Udarda, and Kotha. The incidence of skin conditions has noticeably increased, particularly in tropical and developing countries like India, due to a range of contributing factors. While modern medicine may provide short-term relief rather than a complete cure, leading many people are gradually turning towards Ayurveda for safe and complete cure of diseases. Skin diseases can be both prevented and effectively treated using Ayurvedic Agadas. These Agadas serve as therapeutic measures specifically formulated to counteract the effects of such manifestations. In the Charaka Samhita, the Panch Shirisha Agada is described as a remedy for managing Dushi Visha (cumulative toxicity).It can be a better choice for the treatment of Dushivisha janya Twak vikar by its Vishaghna properties.

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Ayurveda, Panchshirisha Agad, Dushi visha.

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Fungal diseases become a major medical problem. Fungal disease is difficult to manage because they tend to be chronic, hard to diagnosis. The fungal infection is a common condition caused by fungi.The herbal antifungal cream was formulated by using various herbs such as neem and aloe vera.Herbal medicine is one of the oldest and most universal system of health care system. The herbal antifungal cream is very helpful and it is fewer side effects. All herbal ingredients are easily available in market. The herbal antifungal cream is used to treat fungal infection which most commonly affect our skin, hair and nails. Herbal antifungal cream are used to treat fungal skin infection such as athletes foot, ringworm and jock itch. This herbal antifungal cream represents a natural and safe to use, and this herbal antifungal cream is beneficial in reduction of fungal infection.

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Herbal antifungal cream Natural antifungal treatment Ayurvedic antifungal remedy Neem antifungal properties Aloe vera antifungal benefits Turmeric for fungal infections Plant-based antifungal cream Homemade antifungal cream

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The present study focuses on the impact of conventional ground improvement techniques on the environment, supporting the argument with documentary evidence and alternatives to these techniques. The study aims at testing the effectiveness of natural materials such as CHEBULA in powder form as soil Stabilizer. Chebula is also known as Terminalia, the process involves mixing lime and chebula with clay soil to improve the soil's engineering properties, such as Strength, Plasticity, and Bearing capacity. Either in part or whole in the process of soil stabilization index properties, UCS and California bearing ratio test be analysed. The combination of lime and chebula powder has been adopted for use in soil stabilization, the material has been adopted for its capacity in soil stabilization by testing the index and engineering properties of the soil after the addition of material. The addition of lime and chebula powder to the soil (1:1, 2:1 & 3:1) results in a decrease in liquid limit indicating improved soil properties while adding 15% of chebula and Lime to decrease in plasticity indicates improved stability of the soil, The combination of lime & chebula produces high compaction density will indicates the most effective stabilizing agent and optimal dosage, the L: C increases the study of soil in UCS and Bearing capacity that increases the soil stabilizing characteristics of the clay soil.

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Lime and Chebula , Soil Stabilization , Clayey Soils

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This study examines Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) spending trends in India across three financial years (2020-21 to 2022-23) to evaluate sectoral focus and detect statistical variations in allocation. Using secondary data and applying ANOVA for hypothesis testing, the research investigates whether significant changes occurred in CSR patterns. Results confirm that while CSR compliance has stabilized, spending trends remain statistically consistent. The study further identifies major development sectors benefiting from CSR and proposes strategic recommendations to optimize impact and equity in CSR implementation.

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CSR, ANOVA, sectoral focus, statistical variations etc

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Fast-dissolving tablets are becoming one of the most common and widely recognized dosage forms, particularly for juvenile patients due to their immature neurological and muscular systems and elderly patients with hand tremors or Parkinson's disease. There are currently few solid dose forms, such as tablets and capsules, that do not have issues like dysphagia, which makes the therapy inefficient and leads to numerous instances of non-compliance. In addition to being the most popular method of administering many medications, oral dosage forms and routes have drawbacks, such as first-pass metabolism, mental patients, immobile patients, and difficult patients. Real fast-dissolving pills are made to dissolve in saliva amazingly quickly--within a few seconds, that is, less than 60 seconds.FDTs formulations contain super disintegrants to enhance the disintegration rate of a tablet in the buccal cavity FDT formulations contain super disintegrants, which increase a tablet's disintegration rate in the buccal cavity. FDTs have several advantages, including easy mobility and manufacture, accurate dosing, strong chemical and physical stability, and are an excellent choice for elderly and pediatric patients. FDTs dissolve swiftly and absorb faster, reducing in vitro drug release time and increasing bioavailability. FDT formulations combine the benefits of both traditional tablet formulation and liquid dose form. Several conventional or patented technologies for FDT production have been developed, including spray drying, cotton candy process, sublimation, melt granulation, direct compression freezing drying/lyophilization, phase transition process, mass extrusion, and so on. This review contains brief information regarding FDTs, including definitions and advantages. This review contains basic information regarding FDTs, such as their definition, advantages, needs or requirements, noteworthy features, limits, obstacles in developing FDTs, marketed formulations of fast dissolving tablets.

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Fast dissolving tablets, FDTs, Superdisintegrants, marketed products

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India, often described as a subcontinent, is home to a complex and ancient civilization whose societal and cultural dimensions are both diverse and dynamic. This article explores the defining features of Indian society and culture--its unity in diversity, deep-rooted traditions, pluralism, spirituality, family systems, caste dynamics, linguistic diversity, festivals, and art forms. It also addresses the transformations underway due to modernization, globalization, and internal social reforms. The resilience of Indian culture lies in its ability to embrace change while maintaining continuity with its historical and philosophical foundations.

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Social,society,indian cultural

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Pharmacogenomics, which examines the influence of genetic variations on drug reactions, has transformed personalized medicine. By customizing treatment to a person's distinct genetic profile, and pharmacogenetic data to fingerprint the pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric late-life conditions throughout the analysis of metabolizing enzymes and transporters of psychotropic drugs, mainly those of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family. Pharmacodynamic response measures as treatment effects mediated through targets (i.e., receptors in the brain) may also contribute to this image. Drug treatment outcome represents a complex phenotype, encoded by dozens, if not hundreds, of genes, and affected by many environmental factors; therefore, we will almost always see a gradient of response. Phenotyping assays of blood enzyme activities (if feasible) are generally more successful than DNA genotyping for predicting unequivocal outcomes of drug therapy in each and every patient. Genotyping to predict drug disposition, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical outcome has been proposed, but the success of genotyping in individualized drug therapy currently appears unlikely because of the many shortcomings (frequency of DNA variant sites, ethnic difference differences, admixture), Genomics is an important tool in basic research; yet, it is unrealistic to include genotyping within the realm of tests available to the practicing clinician in the foreseeable future. Personalized medicine involves the selection of the safest and most effective pharmacological treatment based on the molecular characteristics of the patient. In the case of anticancer drugs, tumour cell alterations can have a great impact on drug activity and, in fact, most Pharmacogenomics studies how genetic affect drug responses and has revolutionized personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomics into clinical practice allows healthcare professionals to make better informed treatment choices, resulting in enhanced patient outcomes. according to a person's specific genetic makeup, pharmacogenomic targeted therapy seeks to enhance treatment effectiveness and reduce negative side effects. This review offers an extensive summary of the pharmacological results related to pharmacogenomic targeted therapy, emphasizing its advantages, obstacles, and future prospects.

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Keywords : Adverse Drug Reaction, Bio Markers, Chemotherapeutic and Targeted Therapies, Polyploidy, Mutation, Pharmacogenetics, Personalized Medicine

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Thumri, North India's emotive semi-classical vocal form, has undergone remarkable evolution while preserving its core of spontaneous expression. Emerging from 18th century court traditions, it developed through distinct phases - from dance-oriented Bandish-ki-Thumri to the more lyrical Bol-Banao-ki-Thumri, each reflecting changing cultural contexts. The genre flourished through three primary regional styles: the devotional Purab ang of Banaras, the Kathak-influenced Lucknow style, and the vibrant Punjabi ang blending Tappa's vitality. Legendary artists like Siddheshwari Devi, Begum Akhtar and Bade Ghulam Ali Khan shaped its journey from courtesan art to concert stage. Today, while maintaining its improvisational soul, Thumri continues to transform - modern artists reinterpret its possibilities while folk-rooted variations like Kajri and Chaiti keep regional flavours alive. This living tradition exemplifies how Indian classical music balances preservation with innovation, its various forms serving as musical milestones in an ongoing journey of artistic reinvention.

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Thumri, Bandish-Ki-Thumri, Bol-Banao-Ki Thumri, Purab Ang, Wajid Ali Shah

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The modern age, is the revolutionary era of technology. In education, E-learning is gaining popularity day by day. Not any single aspect of our lives has remained untouched by technology and in education sector, traditional ways of teaching and learning are replacing with modern techniques in a remarkable ways and the attitude of students are also altering with this change. The present study is a pilot study focusing on the senior secondary students' attitude towards e-Learning. A sample of 165 is taken from Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. By purposive stratified sampling the population of science stream boys and science stream girls of Government and Private Senior Secondary school of two developmental blocks of Hamirpur district. For analyzing students' attitude a standardized tool, Dimple Rani scale of attitude towards e-Learning has been utiliz

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: E-learning, Senior Secondary Students, Attitude towards E-learning, Science Stream students, COVID-19,...

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