Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Abstract: The emergence of quantum computing presents a formidable challenge to contemporary cryptographic techniques, potentially compromising the security of digital communications worldwide. Two dominant strategies have evolved in response: Quantum Cryptography grounded in the principles of quantum mechanics, and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), which reinforces classical cryptography against quantum threats. This paper provides an in-depth comparative study of both paradigms, analyzing their theoretical foundations, operational mechanisms, practical applicability, and limitations. Through this analysis, we explore how these approaches can jointly contribute to robust and future-proof cryptographic security.

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 Keywords

Quantum Cryptography, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution, Quantum Computing, Cryptographic Security, PQC, Quantum Threats

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The ESR and CRP are commonly used as biomarkers of inflammation in clinical settings. The present study is to verify the potential value of ESR and CRP in monitoring chronic inflammations including rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease. By comparing their values in patients, the report emphasized their diagnostic role and potential for monitoring disease development and treatment response. The results indicate that both markers are applicable, but that CRP is highly sensitive as well as quickly responding to alterations of the inflammatoric condition, being helpful for the clinician.

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Role of ESR and CRP in Monitoring Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

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The Himalayas, with their immense geographical presence, have long been a crucial part of the cultural, social, and environmental fabric of the regions they span, transcending national borders. These mountains, revered in mythical stories and contemporary narratives alike, have profoundly influenced the lives of those living in their shadow. The people of the Himalayas, much like the mountains themselves, are resilient yet vulnerable to radical changes. This article explores the intricate relationship between History and ecology in the Himalayan context, focusing on the Bhotiyas and other indigenous tribes residing along national borders. Historically, these tribes were nomadic-agropastoral traders who understood, survived, and even thrived by utilising the region's ecology. They maintained a careful balance, often monopolising and protecting their environment from external influences. However, after the Indo-Tibet border ceased, trade and tourism decreased through passes, and later, the advent of modernisation disrupted these ancient practices. Social media-driven tourism, religious pilgrimages, and the surge in cross-border trade of Cordyceps (caterpillar fungus) are significantly altering these tribes' traditional ways of life and the ecological balance of the region. The overexploitation of Cordyceps, the unregulated influx of tourists, and the lack of infrastructure to manage these changes are placing immense pressure on the higher ranges and alpine pastures. Additionally, the overexploitation of the region's flora and fauna further threatens the delicate ecosystems that these tribes have historically protected. Given the global significance of the Himalayas as a source of major rivers and a regulator of climate, Himalayan sustainability is not only the responsibility of people residing in its lap but a collective one. The issues faced by these border tribes have far-reaching implications. Understanding their adaptive strategies and challenges offers valuable insights into broader environmental and cultural sustainability. As these tribes navigate the challenges posed by modernity, their cultural identity and traditional knowledge are at risk of being eroded. This study aims to document these invaluable aspects, ensuring that the wisdom of these communities is preserved for future generations. The author seeks to delve deeper into both regional and broader aspects of these issues by examining the experiences of border tribes like the Bhotiyas. Within the larger framework of cross-border trade and the impacts of unmanaged tourism and overexploitation of flora and fauna, this study highlights the pressing need for sustainable practices. The ecological balance of the Himalayas has far-reaching implications not just for the local environment but for global ecosystems. Preserving the delicate ecological balance and cultural heritage of the Himalayas is essential for maintaining the well-being of these resilient communities and the environment they inhabit.

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: Himalayas, Bhotiyas, cordyceps, caterpillar fungus, Ecology

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 Abstract

ted to the system through that the longitude and latitude of the location is send to the fire department authorities. Node MCU is used as the central controller in the proposed system. Final the data is send to the cloud through it will be available to all the govt. department.

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MQ-2 Smoke sensor, relay module, Gps system, ESP32 Microcontroller, GSM Module,

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Benincasa hispida, commonly known as Ash gourd, has been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for its diverse therapeutic applications. The plant's richness of bioactive compounds, including as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenols, enhances its medicinal potential. B. hispida is a potential option for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical formulations due to the potent antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities of these bioactive components. The formulation and stability of beverages derived from ash gourds have also been the subject of recent research, particularly when combined with jamun (Syzygium cumini), which is high in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Over time, the bioactive compounds in these formulations have shown remarkable stability and pharmacological performance, indicating their potential as functional food additives with beneficial health effects. It was also demonstrated that the bioaccessibility of these fractions was enhanced by the addition of sugar, suggesting potential avenues for enhancing functional food compositions. Despite the promising pharmacological characteristics, additional clinical studies are required to validate the therapeutic applications of B. hispida, enhance dosage formulations, and establish consistent protocols for its administration in therapeutic settings. Closing the existing knowledge gap and encouraging more research into the therapeutic potential of ash gourd as a medicinal plant and functional food are the goals of this review.

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Keywords: Benincasa hispida, antioxidant activity, functional foods, bioactive compounds

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Menstrual cramps, or dysmenorrhea, affect a significant proportion of women and often interfere with daily activities. The current study aims to formulate and evaluate herbal lozenges as a convenient and natural remedy for the management of menstrual cramps. Selected medicinal herbs known for their antispasmodic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties--such as Zingiber officinale (ginger), Saraca Ashoka Bark Extract, Clove, Cinnamon, Cardamom, Turmeric, Jaggery, and Crystal Menthol were incorporated into a palatable lozenge formulation. The lozenges were prepared using the heating and molding technique with appropriate excipients, including sweeteners and binding agents. The final formulations were evaluated for physical parameters such as hardness, friability, weight uniformity, and disintegration time, along with phytochemical screening and microbial load testing. The results demonstrated that the lozenges were pharmaceutically acceptable and stable, with a pleasant taste and adequate release profile. Preliminary feedback from volunteers suggested a reduction in menstrual discomfort. This study highlights the potential of herbal lozenges as a non-invasive, easy-to-administer alternative for menstrual cramp relief.

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KEYWORDS: Herbal lozenges, Menstrual pain, Herb, Medicament

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This article addresses the complex topic of algorithmic sovereignty, examining the diplomatic and strategic approaches used in AI system decision-making and their implications for international power structures. In today's world structure, AI is associated with every aspect. Similarly, it's also embedded in foreign policy tools, predictive modeling, and cyber defense infrastructures, as well as state sovereignty and diplomatic agency, which are heavily influenced by the algorithmic logic. This article addresses the crucial question of how AI-powered diplomacy reshapes global power dynamics. The analysis of case studies from the European Union, China, and the United States yields these results. The article further explores the various forms of algorithmic sovereignty, including regulatory, authoritarian export, and military-industrial models. Depending on international relations theory and various studies, the article puts forward its argument as follows: The article argues that AI is not merely a diplomatic tool but rather a structural force that redefines sovereignty, legitimacy, and agency in global governance.

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Algorithmic sovereignty, AI-powered diplomacy, International relations, Digital sovereignty, Geopolitical power, Autonomous decision-making, Global governance, Cyber-Diplomacy, AI and Foreign Policy, Technopolitics

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This project analyzes the financial performance of Saraswathi & Co, a dried coconut trading business based in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The study aims to evaluate the company's liquidity, profitability, solvency, and operational efficiency using financial ratio analysis and common-size balance sheets over a five-year period (2019-2024). The findings reveal fluctuating liquidity ratios, a consistent decline in profitability margins despite substantial sales growth, and increasing reliance on debt financing. Efficiency ratios indicate improved capital and asset turnover in recent years. The study highlights the importance of effective financial management in sustaining profitability and operational stability in the competitive coconut trading industry.

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Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, Coconut Trading, Debt Financing, Financial Management

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This study examines the epistemological foundations of ethics in Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam, focusing on how different modes of knowledge vijñāna (consciousness), jñāna (knowledge), and prajñā (wisdom) inform moral development within Buddhist soteriology. Unlike philosophical systems that separate epistemology from ethics, the Abhidharmic framework presents an integration where cognitive refinement directly corresponds to ethical advancement. Through textual analysis, this research demonstrates that the transformation of ordinary consciousness into liberating wisdom constitutes the cognitive basis for ethical perfection. As dualistic consciousness gives way to non-dual wisdom that comprehends emptiness (śūnyatā) and selflessness (anātman), the cognitive roots of unwholesome action are systematically undermined. This study contributes to our understanding of Buddhist ethics as fundamentally grounded in epistemological transformation, revealing how moral development is inseparable from the cultivation of wisdom.

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Buddhist ethics, Abhidharma, Vasubandhu, consciousness, wisdom, moral psychology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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360-Degree Tour, Virtual Campus, Marzipano, Web Development, Interactive Navigation, Voice Integration, PVG Nashik

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