Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Serverless computing has emerged as a transformative cloud computing paradigm by enabling automatic resource provisioning, event-driven execution, and pay-per-use billing. While Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platforms such as AWS Lambda, Microsoft Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions offer significant scalability and operational advantages, they simultaneously introduce a new class of economic security threats known as Denial-of-Wallet (DoW) attacks. Unlike conventional Denial-of-Service attacks that aim to disrupt service availability, DoW attacks exploit the elastic scaling and consumption-based pricing model of serverless environments to generate excessive operational costs for cloud tenants. The rapid growth of serverless deployments has consequently intensified the need for intelligent, cost-aware security mechanisms capable of identifying, mitigating, and preventing financially motivated attacks. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art in DoW attack detection and defense for serverless architectures. The paper systematically examines serverless security challenges, economic attack models, cloud billing vulnerabilities, and emerging defense strategies. Existing solutions are categorized into threshold-based approaches, statistical anomaly detection methods, machine learning techniques, deep learning frameworks, and hybrid intelligent systems. Particular emphasis is placed on recent advances in temporal analytics, wavelet-based signal processing, cost-aware monitoring frameworks, and explainable artificial intelligence for cloud security. The review further investigates publicly available datasets, evaluation metrics, experimental methodologies, and deployment considerations. A comparative analysis of existing studies reveals critical research gaps, including the lack of standardized benchmarks, insufficient cost-centric feature engineering, limited real-time deployment capabilities, and widespread concerns regarding data leakage and reproducibility. Finally, the paper proposes a unified research roadmap for next-generation serverless security systems that integrate cost intelligence, deep learning, multi-scale temporal analysis, and adaptive defense mechanisms. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, cloud service providers, and cybersecurity practitioners seeking to develop resilient and economically sustainable serverless infrastructures.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Serverless Computing, Function-as-a-Service (FaaS), Denial-of-Wallet Attack, Cloud Security, Economic Cyber Attacks, Cost-Aware Computing, Anomaly Detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Surface mining, a significant contributor to mineral extraction in Rajasthan, India, has raised concerns regarding its environmental impact. This study aims to evaluate the environmental consequences of surface mining activities in Rajasthan using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. By analyzing satellite imagery and GIS-based data, the research assesses land use changes, vegetation cover depletion, water quality deterioration, and soil erosion around mining regions. Temporal satellite images were analyzed to detect land cover changes, and GIS spatial analysis tools were used to map mining-related impacts on surrounding ecosystems. Results highlight significant deforestation, alteration of natural landscapes, and degradation of water resources due to mining operations. The study demonstrates that remote sensing and GIS offer effective methods for monitoring and managing environmental degradation associated with surface mining. Recommendations for sustainable mining practices are provided based on the analysis, aiming to mitigate adverse environmental impacts in Rajasthan's mining regions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Surface Mining,Environmental Impact,Remote Sensing,Geographic Information System (GIS),Land Use Change,Vegetation Depletion.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Touch Speak Braille Learner - A Helping Hand for Visually Impaired Students is an innovative assistive system designed to improve the learning experience of visually impaired individuals by providing both tactile and audio feedback. The system utilizes the ESP8266 microcontroller as its core processing unit, which is integrated with a web-based interface to receive text input in real time. The entered text is processed and converted into speech output using a speaker, enabling users to hear and understand the content easily.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ESP8266 Microcontroller, Braille Learning System, Text-to-Speech Conversion, Servo Motors, Speaker, Buzzer, Assistive Technology, IoT, Embedded System, Braille Display, Visually Impaired Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The project Development of PLC Controlled Automated Coffee Vending Machine focuses on designing an automatic coffee dispensing system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The system automates the process of preparing and dispensing coffee with minimal human intervention. It uses sensors, control valves and a PLC program to manage ingredient mixing and dispensing. The PLC controls the sequence of operations such as water heating, ingredient mixing and cup filling. This automation improves efficiency, accuracy and reliability of the coffee preparation process. The system reduces manual effort and ensures consistent quality of coffee. It is suitable for offices, colleges and public places where quick beverage service is required.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PLC, Automation, Coffee Vending Machine, Industrial Control System.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vartaman Bharatiya Paridrishya mein Urdu Bhasha ki Prasangikata

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Vartaman Bharatiya Paridrishya mein Urdu Bhasha ki Prasangikata

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Despite progress, a significant portion of India's population, especially in rural regions, lacks access to clean cooking fuels. Traditional cooking practices, which utilize crop residues, cow dung, fuelwood, and coal, contribute to severe health and environmental issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, deforestation, and climate change. These fuels also exacerbate gender inequality, as women spend significant time on fuel collection and cooking, limiting their participation in wage-earning activities. Household air pollution from these fuels resulted in approximately 0.81 million premature deaths in India in 2019, with a disproportionate impact on women in developing countries. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) reports that in 1998, women spent 50 hours weekly on household chores, with 15-20 per cent dedicated to childcare, hindering their economic productivity. The persistence of fuel stacking, where households use multiple fuel types, remains a significant challenge. Despite economic improvements, the transition to cleaner fuels has been slow, indicating that income alone does not fully explain fuel choices. This paper examines the relationship between the spousal education difference and the use of clean cooking fuels in households, employing the multinomial logistic regression method based on the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS-II) data. The analysis shows that around 20% of women have higher education than their husbands, and these households are more inclined to adopt clean cooking fuels. This study highlights the association between women's education and cleaner cooking practices. It emphasizes the necessity of integrated approaches to combat energy poverty and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of ensuring clean energy to all.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clean cooking fuels, Traditional cooking practices, Household air pollution Spousal Education difference, Energy poverty

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The growing reliance on web-based applications and distributed computing environments has significantly increased the exposure of digital systems to sophisticated cyber threats. Conventional intrusion detection systems (IDS) are primarily designed to identify suspicious activities and generate alerts, but they often lack automated response capabilities, resulting in delayed mitigation and increased vulnerability. This paper presents CyberSentry AI, an intelligent intrusion detection and response framework that introduces a self-healing approach to cybersecurity. The proposed system integrates file integrity monitoring, deception-based honeypots, and machine learning-driven threat analysis to detect and evaluate malicious activities in real time. By leveraging multiple data sources, including system logs, network behavior, and honeypot interactions, the framework improves detection reliability and reduces false alarms. A key feature of CyberSentry AI is its automated response mechanism, which enables immediate mitigation actions such as restoring compromised files, blocking suspicious entities, and isolating affected components without requiring manual intervention. This capability significantly reduces response time and limits the impact of attacks. Experimental evaluation conducted in a controlled environment demonstrates that the proposed system achieves higher detection accuracy, lower false positive rates, and faster response times compared to traditional IDS approaches. The modular and scalable architecture of CyberSentry AI makes it suitable for deployment across both small-scale and enterprise-level environments, contributing toward the development of autonomous and adaptive cybersecurity systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cybersecurity, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Detection and Response System (IDRS), Self-Healing Security, Machine Learning, File Integrity Monitoring (FIM), Honeypot, Threat Detection, Automated Incident Response, Anomaly Detection, Cyber Threat Intelligence, Network Security, Web Security, Behavioral Analysis, Real-Time Monitoring, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The pharmaceutical sector is experiencing rapid modernization through the adoption of digital technologies that support quality-focused operations. Quality assurance systems are increasingly transitioning from paper-dependent practices to integrated digital platforms capable of managing data, documentation, compliance and decision-making in real time. Technologies including electronic quality management systems, manufacturing execution systems, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and advanced analytics are enhancing operational transparency and supporting risk-based quality approaches. These innovations strengthen data integrity, improve process oversight, and facilitate compliance with evolving regulatory expectations. This review examines the progression of pharmaceutical quality assurance, the influence of Pharma 4.0 concepts, major digital tools used within quality systems, associated opportunities and challenges and key regulatory considerations. The discussion highlights how digital transformation can contribute to more efficient, reliable, and proactive quality management across the pharmaceutical product lifecycle.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Transformation, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Pharma 4.0, Artificial Intelligence, Data Integrity, Regulatory Compliance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

RP-HPLC, QBD, Metformin, Ertugliflozin, Methanol, Development, Validation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition