Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Peristaltic flows in porous media constitute a key class of low-Reynolds-number transport phenomena, with applications in biological systems (gastrointestinal tract, ureteral transport, glymphatic/perivascular brain clearance), marine bioturbation, biomedical micropumps, and industrial filtration. This review synthesizes research up to 2026, covering analytical, numerical, and limited experimental studies of peristaltic pumping through Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer porous media in channels, tubes, annuli, asymmetric, inclined, and curved geometries. Governing models, solution techniques (long-wavelength/lubrication approximation, homotopy analysis method, finite element, CFD), and parametric effects (permeability/Darcy number, porosity, non-Newtonian rheology, MHD/Hall/rotation, nanofluids/hybrid nanofluids, heat/mass transfer, entropy generation, wall compliance/slip) are critically examined. Emphasis is placed on pumping/peristaltic characteristics, trapping and reflux phenomena, wall-leakage-induced recirculation, and entropy minimization. Recent 2023-2026 advances include oscillatory MHD second-grade flows, Herschel-Bulkley fluids with variable porosity/slip, piezoelectric porous media homogenization, fuzzy-uncertainty hybrid nanofluids, and 3D multiphase analyses. Challenges include multiscale pore-to-macro coupling and experimental validation. Future directions involve reactive multiphase flows, deformable matrices, and machine-learning optimization. Approximately 62 studies are referenced, offering a consolidated resource for fluid mechanics, biomechanics, and porous-media transport researchers.

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 Keywords

Peristaltic flow; Porous medium; Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer; Non-Newtonian fluids; Nanofluids; MHD; Pumping characteristics; Trapping; Entropy generation; Biomedical applications

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The rapid transition from manual bureaucracy to digital governance within the Indian penal ecosystem, accelerated by the Ministry of Home Affairs' Modernisation of Prisons Scheme and the procedural mandates of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), has fundamentally transformed correctional administration. This paper provides a critical theoretical and socio-legal evaluation of this technological evolution, with specific focus on its implementation within the state of Uttar Pradesh and key institutional facilities like Lucknow Jail. While the digitization of inmate lifecycles via the e-Prisons project, the normalization of virtual court productions, and the deployment of remote healthcare via the e-Sanjeevani telemedicine platform offer significant advancements in administrative efficiency, resource optimization, and logistical cost containment, they introduce severe structural friction regarding the fundamental human rights of a captive population. Utilizing Michel Foucault's theory of panopticism as an analytical lens, this study interrogates how the seamless integration of the Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) establishes an omnipresent, digital panopticon that compromises informational privacy, threatens the right to be forgotten, and extracts compliance without genuine rehabilitation. Furthermore, the paper evaluates how the displacement of physical courtroom production results in the visual erasure of the prisoner, undercutting judicial oversight against custodial excesses and obstructing real-time, confidential access to legal counsel. By analyzing these shifts against the expansive jurisprudence of Article 21 of the Constitution of India--including landmark rulings such as Sunil Batra, Francis Coralie Mullin, and K.S. Puttaswamy--this article exposes the limits of technological determinism when applied to a disproportionately marginalized, digitally illiterate inmate population. The study concludes by proposing a "Human-Centric Digital Architecture" that integrates binding structural and procedural safeguards, ensuring that technological integration enhances, rather than diminishes, due process, health equity, and human dignity within correctional spaces.

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 Keywords

: Prison Modernization, Human Dignity, Article 21, e-Prisons, Virtual Courts, Telemedicine, Uttar Pradesh.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: In cement industry there are numerous hazards involved such as dust emission, heavy machineries, high temperature, loud noises, harmful chemical, risky process etc. These risk hampers the safety and health of employees. Harmful effects on employee's health includes respiratory diseases such as asthma, coughing, bronchitis etc, eyesight problem, temporary or permanent hearing loss etc. All these hazardous effects have unfavourable influence on the physical and mental health of the employees. Supervision and guidance play crucial role in ensuring protection of workers from any threat and jeopardy. Non-experienced labours needs extra and continuous supervision and guidance as they are more vulnerable to risks. This study examines the relationship between workplace safety practices and employee performance. This study is descriptive in nature. Research was conducted in Bokaro city in Dalmia cement industry. Sample size of 200 was taken to gather the data from the employees of Dalmia cement industry questionnaire method was used to collect the necessary information Employees were ask to fill up the questionnaire. Along with this researcher also conducted interview to get deeper insights of employee's opinions, perception and experience. Correlation method was used to analyse the data collected from the workers. Study concludes that there is significant impact of workplace safety practices on employee performance. It also hampers the organizational growth and overall operational efficiency of organization. Non-adherence or ignorance of safety protocols can cause severe damage to the welfare of workers and also hinders the business goodwill. The findings suggested that pre- identification of risky areas can help in mitigate the risks. Effective training and development programmes ensure well-being and security of labours from hazardous impact.

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 Keywords

Safety Practices, Employee Performance, Welfare, Training and Development programmes, Operational efficiency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vibhinn Prakar ke Vyavsayik Shaikshik Sansthanon mein Karyarat Shikshakon ke Vyaktitva, Samayojan, Manobal evam Karya Santushti ka Tulanatmak Adhyayan

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Vibhinn Prakar ke Vyavsayik Shaikshik Sansthanon mein Karyarat Shikshakon ke Vyaktitva, Samayojan, Manobal evam Karya Santushti ka Tulanatmak Adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Chronic bronchitis, educational intervention, self-care, prevention, adults.

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Currency notes play an important role in the economic activities of any nation. These are essential components used in daily transactions by the citizens in the purchasing of goods, payment of bills, business deals, and even banking procedures. Each nation produces its currency notes, which have unique color combinations and distinct designs. The counterfeit currency, also known as the fake currency, is one of the major problems faced by economies. This can be harmful to the national economy in many ways; therefore, there is an ongoing improvement in the design and development of currency notes to avoid such issues. The study was done using observational and comparative approaches. Real money notes of the six selected countries were obtained through legitimate means such as banks, currency exchange offices, and learning institutions. Notes of different denominations were selected wherever possible since the security features vary depending on the denomination of the notes. The selected money notes were observed by use of natural light, microscope, UV light, and touch. It was found that all countries utilize more than one form of security feature within the notes of their currencies in order to safeguard themselves from counterfeiting and keep faith in the financial system among the citizens. Security features commonly used within currency notes during the course of research were watermark, security thread, micro printing, serial number, ultraviolet fluorescent properties, raised printing, latent image, and color shifting ink. Further, it is noted that the currency note is not only a monetary instrument but also represents an important cultural/national symbol. The Indian notes bear national historical places and a picture of Mahatma Gandhi while Nepalese notes have the image of Mount Everest and national symbols. The Malaysian and Singaporean notes represent their respective national identity. The US currency has portraits of its national heroes, including Benjamin Franklin. forensic science perspective, the comparative evaluation of international currency notes provides valuable knowledge for questioned document examination. Understanding the differences in printing methods, security threads, holograms, polymer substrates, and fluorescent patterns helps forensic experts detect counterfeit currency more accurately

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 Keywords

Currency Notes, Security Features, Counterfeit Detection, Forensic Science, Watermark, Security Thread, Microprinting, UV Features, Hologram, Polymer Notes, Currency Authentication, Banknote Security.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Tourism has emerged as a significant contributor to economic growth, employment generation, infrastructure development, and cultural exchange across the globe. However, the rapid expansion of tourism has also intensified environmental degradation, socio-cultural disruption, resource depletion, and economic inequalities, raising concerns regarding the long-term sustainability of tourism destinations. In response to these challenges, sustainable tourism and responsible tourism have gained prominence as frameworks aimed at balancing economic benefits with environmental conservation and community well-being. This review article critically examines the evolution of sustainable and responsible tourism, major sustainability models, responsible tourism frameworks, policy interventions, implementation challenges, and the role of community participation in destination management. Special attention is given to Kerala's Responsible Tourism Mission, which is widely recognized as a pioneering model of community-centered and sustainability-oriented tourism development. Through a thematic review of existing literature, the study identifies key research gaps related to implementation effectiveness, governance, stakeholder participation, and sustainability outcomes. The findings highlight the need for stronger policy integration, community empowerment, and evidence-based approaches to ensure resilient and inclusive tourism development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Responsible Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Destination Development, Community Participation, Responsible Tourism Mission

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project presents a web-based Virtual Try-On application developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and third-party image processing APIs. The system enables users to upload their photographs, select garments from an available collection, and visualize how the selected clothes appear on them. The application aims to improve the online shopping experience by providing customers with an interactive platform to preview outfits before purchasing. The project emphasizes API integration, responsive web design, image handling, and efficient backend processing. The proposed system offers a lightweight and cost-effective alternative to computationally intensive deep learning-based virtual try-on solutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Virtual Try-On, API Integration, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, Image Processing, E-commerce.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper proposes an IoT-based Medication Dosage Management System using ESP32, RFID technology and an OLED display to save and retrieve medication dosage information accurately. The system operates in two modes: Set dosage schedules with Set Mode and Read stored medication data from RFID tags with Read Mode. LED indicators provide real-time visual feedback for reliable and user-friendly operation. The proposed solution assists to enhance medication adherence, minimize dosage-related errors, and easing medication management for elderly patients and people with chronic illnesses. Its low cost, portability and ability to operate offline make it an ideal tool for use in both home and clinical healthcare settings.

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 Keywords

ESP32, RFID, RC522, Medication Management, IoT, Healthcare, OLED Display, Medication Adherence, EmbeddedESP32, RFID, RC522, Medication Management, IoT, Healthcare, OLED Display, Medication Adherence, Embedded system, Smart Healthcare.

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This study Silo Level Monitoring Using IoT is a real-time industrial monitoring system developed to measure and track the material level inside cement tanks or storage silos. In many industries, silo level checking is still performed manually, which may result in inaccurate measurement, delayed decision-making, overflow, shortage of material, wastage, and poor inventory management. This project overcomes these limitations by using IoT-based sensing and monitoring technology to continuously detect the storage level and display the data on a web-based dashboard. The proposed system uses relevant hardware components such as an ESP32/NodeMCU microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor for measuring the distance between the sensor and material surface, power supply module, connecting wires, and optional alert components such as a buzzer or LED indicators. The ultrasonic sensor measures the empty space inside the silo, and based on this distance, the system calculates the filled percentage of the tank. The ESP32/NodeMCU processes the sensor data and transmits it to the web application through Wi-Fi connectivity. The software side of the system is developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the web dashboard. The dashboard displays real-time tank level, distance value, percentage level, status such as Full, Medium, or Low, graphical analysis, and daily cement level logs. This allows users or industry operators to monitor silo status remotely without physically checking the tank. The system helps avoid overflow, reduces material wastage, improves inventory control, and increases operational efficiency. Overall, the project provides a smart, low-cost, reliable, and efficient solution for industrial silo level monitoring using IoT.

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 Keywords

Silo Level Monitoring, IoT, Cement Tank Monitoring, ESP32, NodeMCU, Ultrasonic Sensor, Real-Time Monitoring, Web Dashboard, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Industrial Automation, Inventory Management, Remote Monitoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition