Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

A wide spectrum of classical Ayurvedic formulations targeting Dadru are documented across authoritative treatises such as Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Yogaratnakara, Chakradatta, and Bhavaprakasha. These texts describe external therapeutic preparations including Lepa (paste), Udvartana (powder massage), and Taila (medicated oil), comprising herbs with established antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic properties. This study undertakes a systematic textual appraisal of these formulations, analysing the selection of ingredients, modes of preparation, and intended indications. Methodologically, all Dadru specific formulations listed under respective Kushtha chapters were extracted and re-evaluated for recurring herbal components and preparation media such as Kanji (fermented sour gruel), Gomutra (cow urine), or Dhanyamla (sour fermented decoction). Key herbs such as Chakramarda, Vidanga, Durva, Haridra, Kushtha, and Sarshapa emerge as pharmacodynamically significant due to their therapeutic activity against Krimi (microbial infestation), Kandu (itching), and Sthirata (chronicity). The review highlights the pharmacognostic rationale embedded in the formulations' design, favouring lipophilic media for deeper penetration and bioavailability. This critical synthesis reveals consistency in classical therapeutic logic and supports the scope for experimental validation of these formulations in modern antifungal research.

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 Keywords

Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Bhavaprakasha, Chakradatta, Dadru, Dadrughna Yoga, Yogaratnakara.

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A quantitative research approach and descriptive research design was used in the study to assess the parental pressure on health among school age children (11-16years) in selected rural areas of Amritsar, Punjab. A purposive sampling technique was used for study. The total sample was 100 school age children. Roy's adaptation model had been used in the study. The data was gathered by structured questionnaire related to socio- demographic variables and structure Likert scale used to assess the parental pressure on health among school age children in selected rural area. Collected information was analyzed by using descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, mean percentage, and inferential statistics like chi-square test. The level of parental pressure on health among school age children in selected rural areas of dist. Amritsar, Punjab shows that, 0(0%) of the school age children had Mild parental pressure, 42(42%) of the school age children had moderate parental pressure and 58(58%) of school age children had severe parental pressure. The findings of the study shows that majority of school age children in selected schools had severe parental pressure on health. The association between level of parental pressure and socio demographic variables of school age children reveals that, there is significant association of socio demographic variables such as educational status of father, occupation of father, occupation of mother of school age children (X -7.862), X-3.922, X-4.233 at p<0.05 respectively and there is no significant association of socio demographic variable such as age, gender, religion, educational status of mother, family income, types of family, grades obtained in class of school age children- X-0.094, X- 0.364, X-1.354, X-2.02, X-1.793, X-0.63, X=1.485 at p<0.05 respectively. Therefore, it is concluding that student have more parental pressure on their health.

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School age children, Parental Pressure, selected rural areas.

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This research introduces the design, development, and testing of an extensive touch event logging system on top of the ESP32 microcontroller platform. The system records capacitive touch events through a special sensor on GPIO 4, keeps track of persistent event count in non-volatile storage, presents real-time count data on an onboard OLED display, and at the same time writes timestamped event data to Google Sheets via a custom web service. The system meets the requirement of efficient event detection using debounce protection measures and supports high-grade network communication to guarantee data integrity. This work describes the hardware architecture, firmware design paradigms, cloud integration methodology, and real world applications of the developed system. Performance analysis shows that the system has accurate event counting and logging functions even under changing network conditions, with successful data synchronization to the cloud repository. The touch event logger is a general-purpose base for different Internet of Things (IoT) applications that need physical interaction tracking along with local visual feedback as well as remote data storage, for example, people counting, user interaction tracking, or mechanical movement tracking. In addition, this work investigates a possible application as an energy harvesting system based on rack and pinion motion conversion, as in speed breaker energy generation applications, validating the modularity of the ESP32 board for data logging as well as for renewable energy applications.

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 Keywords

ESP32, Touch Sensing, IoT, Google Sheets, Energy Harvesting, Microcontroller Applications, Embedded

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Communication represents a fundamental human need, yet individuals who are deaf and mute often face significant barriers that can severely limit their access to essential services, educational opportunities, and full social interactions. Traditional sign language interpretation, while invaluable, is frequently unavailable on demand, creating moments of isolation and misunderstanding. This project directly addresses this critical challenge by developing an intelligent translator system that leverages the power of computer vision and deep learning. The primary aim is to accurately recognize dynamic sign language gestures from real-time video frames and seamlessly translate them into both written text and vocalized speech. By integrating a robust deep learning model with real-time video processing and a text-to-speech (TTS) module, this system seeks to bridge existing communication gaps, thereby fostering greater inclusivity and independence for the deaf and mute community. The proposed methodology involves comprehensive data collection from publicly available sign language datasets, meticulous preprocessing, training of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using transfer learning, and deployment via a user-friendly Flask API and/or desktop application. The system's performance will be rigorously evaluated based on accuracy, responsiveness, and usability metrics to ensure its effectiveness in practical, real-world scenarios.

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Live Translation Screen Input Gesture Samples Training: Sign language recognition, Deep learning, Computer vision, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Text-to-Speech (TTS), Real-time translation, Communication aid, Human-computer interaction

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Packaging currently stands as the fifth largest sector in the Indian economy, reflecting its pivotal role in driving industrial growth and innovation. Packaging ensures safety and can be defined as wrapping an item to ensure its distribution, storage, sale, and use. Functions of packaging include physical protection as well as handling, containment protection, tamper-resistant, information transmission, ease of use, and aesthetics. With advancement in technology and general awareness, the packaging sector in India is well poised as most of the raw materials for packaging are abundantly available in the country. With an annual growth rate of 22-25%, the industry has become a preferred hub for packaging solutions, bolstered by advancements in technology and infrastructure. Notably, the industry boasts a robust structural framework, comprising over 900 paper units with an installed capacity of nearly 4,990 thousand tons. Furthermore, India is home to 861 paper mills, with 526 operational units, showcasing the nation's significant capacity for paper and paperboard production. On this juncture, the present study has been undertaken to glance the position of Packaging Industry in India.

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Packaging, Marketing Mix, Product Design, Brand Communication and Sustainability

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Entrepreneurship is a key driver of societal wealth creation, benefiting not only individual entrepreneurs but also contributing positively to the economy, government, and broader society. In today's dynamic socio-political and economic landscape, entrepreneurial opportunities are rapidly evolving. While the startup ecosystem has been significant growth in recent years, it remains predominantly male-driven. However, a rising number of women are now actively engaging with and excelling on digital platforms, showcasing their potential in the entrepreneurial arena. Women play a vital role in family and societal development, yet their representation in entrepreneurship remains disproportionately low. Despite the global emphasis on women empowerment in the 21st century, including increased governmental and societal support, women entrepreneurs are still underrepresented in policy discourage and decision making. Their active participation is essential for sustainable socio-economic development and national progress. The advancement of technology, internet accessibility, and simplified communication tools has opened new avenues for women to engage in digital entrepreneurship. This study examines the crucial role that startups play in encouraging female entrepreneurship, focuses on the supportive elements provided by the startup ecosystem, and talks about the main obstacles that women encounter while starting and growing their businesses.

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Women Entrepreneurs, Startups, and Innovation

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Our project friction less clutch using electromagnetic locking principal with minimal air gap between drive and driver plates, with torque transfer control electronically through V-I Drives. The construction of friction less clutch involves calculation of MMF Force for amount of K-N Torque transfer, design of magnetic plate study of critical factor such as plate diameters, gauge of copper conductor for electromagnet, drive and drives plates. The power source we are planning to use is a constant speed electric motor same as IC Engines. The output speed and torque control through electromagnetic coupling and practically no mechanical contact between will ensure friction less power transfer between engine and Gearbox or load. The amount of noise reduction, amount of friction and wear reduction and practical scalability of this technology, in automotive and other industrial applications, through hardware modal implementation will be analyzed in this project.

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Electromagnetic clutch, torque transmission, mechatronics, electromagnetic field, automation, power transmission, coil design

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creativity, Critical thinking, Problem solving ability, Academic achievement, Chemistry

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This study investigates the influence of digital marketing on consumer purchase behavior and customer perception, with a focused case study. Through surveys and statistical tools such as ANOVA, chi-square, and rank analysis, the research highlights how digital strategies like SEO, social media, and influencer marketing affect consumer decisions. Findings suggest that clarity in marketing messages and transparency significantly shape customer perception. The study concludes with actionable strategies to overcome implementation challenges and leverage digital trends for sustained business growth.

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This study investigates the influence of digital marketing on consumer purchase behavior and customer perception, with a focused case study. Through surveys and statistical tools such as ANOVA, chi-square, and rank analysis, the research highlights how digital strategies like SEO, social media, and influencer marketing affect consumer decisions. Findings suggest that clarity in marketing messages and transparency significantly shape customer perception. The study concludes with actionable strate

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The paper titled "The impact of E-business on traditional business environment-A study in the Barak valley of Assam" explores the transformative effects of e-business on traditional retail environments, particularly in the Barak Valley region. It highlights the significant challenges faced by offline retailers as consumer preferences shift towards online purchasing, resulting in decreased foot traffic in physical stores. The study emphasizes the advantages of e-business, such as cost and time efficiency for both consumers and sellers, while also addressing the security concerns associated with online transactions .The research methodology employed in this study provides a robust framework for understanding the implications of e-business on traditional enterprises, although it acknowledges limitations related to the rapidly changing nature of e-business technologies and the specific geographic focus of the study . The findings aim to assist offline retailers in navigating the current challenges posed by e-business, offering insights into potential strategies for adaptation and survival in a competitive market Overall, this study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the current state of traditional businesses in the context of an evolving e-business landscape, particularly in the aftermath of the pandemic It serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders seeking to understand the dynamics between e-business and traditional retail, ultimately aiming to enhance customer satisfaction and improve service delivery in the offline market

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 Keywords

E- Business, Traditional Business Environment, Barak Valley

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition