Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Bread is the most important staple food in the siddipet and it is recognized as a perishable commodity, which is at its best when consumed 'fresh'. Unfortunately, bread remains 'fresh' for only a few hours after it leaves the oven. Isolation and characterization of fungi associated with staled bread in siddipet places was investigated. The aim of this research is to examine the fungi associated with staled bread in siddipet places. The bread sample used for this study was collected from different places of siddipet , the glass wares were sterilized properly in hot air oven at 1600c for two hours, other materials were sterilized by autoclaving at 1210C for 15minutes.The culture media used for this experiment is sabouraud Dextrose agar (SDA) which is known to support the growth of only fungal organisms. The organisms found to be associated with the spoilage of bread were strictly fungal organisms which include; Mucor spp. (30%), Rhizopus spp. (17%), Penicillium spp. (17%), Fusarium spp. (3%). However, the percentage distribution of fungal organism isolated from staled bread in different places of siddipet showed that bakery had the highest percentage of 23% followed by Kirana shop (17%) & super market (8%). After analysing the samples, Aspergillus spp was found to be the most occurring fungi in bread.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bread spoilage, Staled bread, Mucor spp, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Public examinations constitute the foundation of merit-based selection in modern education systems. In India, the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) serves as the gateway to undergraduate medical education and directly influences the aspirations of millions of students every year. Consequently, any controversy surrounding the examination process has implications that extend beyond administrative concerns to questions of educational justice, institutional credibility, and public confidence. The debate surrounding the NEET paper leak intensified national discussions regarding examination integrity, transparency, and accountability. This review paper critically examines the educational dimensions of the controversy with particular emphasis on students' trust in the public examination system. Drawing upon literature on educational assessment, governance, institutional trust, and examination reforms, the paper analyzes how perceptions of unfairness influence student motivation, psychological well-being, and confidence in public institutions. It further discusses policy reforms aimed at strengthening examination security and restoring public trust. The paper argues that maintaining examination integrity is not merely a technical challenge but an educational and ethical responsibility essential for sustaining meritocracy and democratic access to higher education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NEET, Examination Integrity, Public Trust, Educational Justice, Meritocracy, Assessment, Higher Education.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition worldwide, but it remains clinically silent in its early stages, frequently bypasses early detection until the disease progresses to hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Early, non-invasive screening tool for mass screening to detect the disease before it progressed to advance stage. In machine learning approach. Six supervised machine learning classifiers are used Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and K-Nearest Neighbors-- to the Indian Liver Patient Dataset (ILPD), which contains 583 clinical records comprising 10 biochemistry finding and demographic features. Data pre-processing included replacing of missing value with median and Z- score standardization. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUC-ROC, and 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Logistic Regression achieved the best discriminative power (AUC = 0.8306, F1 = 0.8377, sensitivity = 96.4%), while Random Forest feature importance analysis identified Alkaline Phosphatase, Age, AST, and ALT as the four most diagnostically informative biomarkers. These findings suggest that simple, interpretable linear classifiers, when combined with a carefully curated biochemistry finding panel, can form the basis of cost-effective, scalable NAFLD screening system, especially in resource-limited settings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NAFLD, liver disease detection, machine learning, clinical decision support, ILPD, biomarker selection, logistic regression, random forest, AUC-ROC

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The spread of digital technology across the globe has reshaped how knowledge is accessed, but this shift has not benefited men and women equally, and the imbalance is especially visible in India's semi-urban and rural belts. This paper offers a conceptual, literature-grounded review of how women's growing presence in higher education relates to their digital awareness, treating Karimnagar district in Telangana as an illustrative regional case. Drawing on secondary evidence from the Census of India, district administrative records, the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), and peer-reviewed research on the gender digital divide, the paper brings together existing findings on the disparities women face at the level of access, skills, usage, and outcomes. It reads these disparities through Sen's Capability Approach together with the multi-level (access-skills-usage-outcomes) digital divide framework, and considers how social norms, shared-device arrangements, safety concerns, and thin provision of digital-skill training keep mediating the link between a woman's educational credentials and her actual digital participation. Karimnagar's regional profile - a district where female literacy and higher-education enrolment have climbed steadily even as a rural-urban and gender gap in digital access persists - is used to illustrate patterns already documented in the wider national literature. The paper closes with policy recommendations for building digital-skill components into women-centred higher-education initiatives, and flags the need for primary, field-based research to test these district-level patterns empirically.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women's education; digital divide; digital literacy; higher education; gender; Telangana; Karimnagar; ICT

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Saraca asoca deeply embedded in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems. Historically, plants like Ashoka have been the foundation for both ancient remedies and modern medicinal drug development. It is most renowned for its role in treating female reproductive disorders and promoting overall reproductive health. Beyond this primary use, it possesses a spectrum of valuable pharmacological properties, including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and analgesic activities. The rich content of secondary metabolites in the plant makes it have a wide therapeutic potential. The bark, the leaves and the flowers are the most therapeutically active parts of the plant. General constituents found in the bark and leaves include flavonoids, tannins, steroids, volatile oil, glycosides, and polyphenols. Specifically, the bark contains lignin glycosides (e.g., lyoniside) and flavonoids (e.g., catechin and procyanidin B2). Antioxidant gallic acid and ellagic acid are key polyphenols across the bark, leaves, and flowers. Extracts from Ashoka have Anti-microbial activity against various bacteria and fungi. Anti-hyperglycemic effects, lowering blood sugar in diabetic models. Potent antioxidant properties. Cardioprotective and anti-ulcer effects. Analgesic, anti-pyretic, and anti-helminthic properties. Restoration of hormonal levels, confirming its positive effect on the menstrual cycle. Anti-arthritic and anti-epileptic activities. This vast array of beneficial compounds solidifies Saraca asoca's position as a critical resource in herbal medicine.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Saraca asoca, Phytochemicals, ayurvedic medicine, micropropagation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Quantitative evaluative approach with pre- experimental one group pre test and post test design was used in the study to determine the effectiveness self instructional module on knowledge regarding antipsychotic drugs among primary care givers of psychiatric patients. The conceptual framework for the study was based on Modified Imogene king's goal attainment theory. The tool used in this study consists of three sections. Section one was demographic variables and section two was structured knolwedge questionnaire to assess the pretest and post test knowledge and section three was self instructional module regarding antipsycohtic drugs. Systematic purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples, and data were collected from 40 primary care givers of psychiatric patients of Spandana hospital at Bangalore. [9:48 am, 2/8/2026] Puja Das: difference between the overall pretest and posttest mean scores revealed the effectiveness of the self instructional module on antipsychotic drugs. Hence there is a significant increase in knowledge of the primary care givers of psychiatric patient regarding antipsychotic drugs after their exposure to the self instructional module on antipsychotic drugs. Therefore, Ho is rejected and research hypothesis (H?) is accepted. There is significant association between pre-test knowledge score and demographic variables such as Education, monthly income and relationship with patient and there is no significant association between pre-test knowledge score and demographic variables such as age, gender, religion, type of family, occupational status which was less than ... [9:50 am, 2/8/2026] Puja Das: knowledge and also in over all aspects of knowledge, hence null hypothesis (H01) is rejected and research hypothesis HI was accepted. It is evident that the self instructional module (SIM) was significantly effective on improving the knowledge on primary care givers of psychiatric patient regarding antipsychotic drugs. Interpretation and conclusion There is a significant increase in knowledge score of primary care givers of psychiatric patient after self instructional module. Therefore, it is concluded that the self instructional module is highly effective in increasing the knowledge of primary care givers of psychiatric patient on antipsychotic drugs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Evaluate the Effectiveness; self instructional module has improved the knowledge regarding antipsychotic drugs among the primary care givers of psychiatric patient at selected hospital, Bangalore.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solar Photovoltaic Power Forecasting, Long Short-Term Memory, Metaheuristic Optimization, Deep Learning, Renewable Energy, Time-Series Analysis, Hyperparameter Tuning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sweepers are a necessary component of life and assist us with a variety of tasks. They do provide all citizens with additional help. They owe a great obligation of gratitude to the elderly, young people, and working adults for their services. They only make everyone's lives a little bit simpler while leading challenging lives themselves. The arduous work they do causes their bodies to function constantly. To meet the demands of cleanliness, their day begins much earlier than those of the general public. Despite the difficulty of their work, they nevertheless do it for us. Since they have made such a significant contribution to society, they should be treated with the utmost respect and honor. The municipality is in charge of operating the sweeper system in our country. A sweeper is dispatched to monitor each area's cleanliness. Villages that lack access to modern amenities like banks or transportation infrastructure still exist today, but they do have sweepers to keep their roads and land clean. It would not be difficult to say that no life is truly possible without sweepers if this were understood properly. The smell of garbage will prevent us from breathing in our houses.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sweepers, Life-style, Income pattern

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social media is a vital aspect of public relations for brands and its benefits are particularly applicable smal1er to larger brands. Promoting brand value via Facebook, Twitter and Instagram has allowed long tail Magazines companies to reach audiences, eliminating the need to have physical stores. Using social media also allows brands to penetrate into international markets. This study presents information gathered and analyzes data from social media tracking for two Magazine brands: The Economist and TIME Magazine. Facebook, content for both brands were assessed for engagement levels. Monitoring over the period of two month (Dec. 1, 2025 to Jan. 31, 2026) revealed: best content categories; the effectiveness of using links and visual components (i.e., photos and videos); as well as the best times and days to post content. The results of the two-month social media monitoring also revealed that TIME Magazines have more engagement level as compare to The Economist. The analysis from these findings can be applied to other long Magazine brands to increase engagement and international reach.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social Media, Brand Value, Facebook, Magazine Brands.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disability Studies, Harilyn Rousso, Intersectionality, Social Model of Disability, Critical Consciousness, Feminist Theory

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition