Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Madness, identity, and female mental health constitute the central concerns of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night, where psychological illness is intricately linked with gender, trauma, and social expectations. This paper examines the representation of female mental illness through the character of Nicole Diver, whose psychological condition reflects the emotional consequences of abuse, patriarchal control, and the limitations imposed on women's autonomy. Employing feminist literary criticism, trauma theory, and psychological perspectives, the study explores how Nicole's identity is fragmented by mental illness and gradually reconstructed through her journey toward independence and self-awareness. It argues that Fitzgerald portrays madness not simply as a clinical disorder but as a cultural and social condition shaped by unequal power relations and restrictive gender roles. The paper further analyzes the influence of marriage, medical authority, and societal perceptions in defining female sanity and identity. By investigating the intersections of madness, gender, and selfhood, this study demonstrates that Tender Is the Night provides a powerful critique of the stigmatization of women's mental health while emphasizing the possibility of identity reconstruction and female empowerment despite psychological suffering.

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 Keywords

Madness, identity, gender, patriarchal, autonomy, agency.

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Enterprise Social Networks (ESNs) have emerged as important digital platforms that facilitate communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing in higher education institutions. Although existing research has largely focused on the adoption of ESNs, their role in supporting knowledge-sharing practices has received comparatively less attention. This study reviews the existing literature to examine how ESNs contribute to knowledge sharing among faculty, students, and administrative staff. The review highlights the key benefits of ESNs, including enhanced collaboration, organizational learning, research collaboration, and knowledge exchange, while also identifying challenges such as privacy concerns, information overload, and low user engagement. The findings indicate that ESNs have significant potential to strengthen knowledge management and collaborative learning in higher education. The study also identifies key research gaps and offers directions for future research to advance the understanding and effective implementation of ESNs in academic institutions.

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Enterprise Social Networks, Knowledge Sharing, Higher Education, Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning, Digital Collaboration, Systematic Literature Review

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The rural-urban digital divide continues to hinder equitable access to digital technologies, digital banking, and financial inclusion, making it an important area of academic and policy research. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of global research on the rural-urban digital divide using 549 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for the period 2015-2025. Bibliometric techniques were applied using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) to examine publication trends, citation patterns, influential authors, journals, countries, and research themes. The findings reveal a steady increase in research output, particularly after 2020, highlighting the growing importance of digital inclusion in achieving sustainable development. China and the United States emerged as the leading contributors, while Telecommunications Policy was identified as the most productive journal. Keyword and thematic analyses indicate that research has evolved from focusing on digital infrastructure and internet access to digital literacy, technology adoption, and digital inclusion. Despite this growth, gaps remain in research from developing countries and in understanding the long-term impact of digital technologies on financial inclusion. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the field and offers valuable directions for future research and policymaking.

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 Keywords

Digital divide; Digital inclusion; Financial inclusion; Digital banking; FinTech; Bibliometric analysis; Banking

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 Abstract

In today's scenario due to busy schedule of every person there is requirement by people that they are able to ensure payment for alternative purposes for anytime and from anywhere across the world without any prerequisite to carry money. The system should also efficient with respect to cost, time, security, transparency and combined with high speed over the traditional payment modes which are purely based on cash and on exchange of goods in olden days. The Digital Payment System was introduced to encounter these requests and various other digital payment possibilities introduced at diverse time period as per the variations in desire of customers with each passing day. Out of various modes Unified Payment Interface (UPI) preferred at maximum extent presently that comes in existence on April, 2016 have the highest impact on the growth of economy that is not limited to particular sector or area but cover India at wide level. The consumers also having positive perception about UPI but more favorable towards its Convenience, Accessibility, Affordability and Speed. The UPI system also accompanied with challenges like Security and Privacy is the key issue that affects the adoption of UPI by users. But for identified analysis is to provide a true picture of working of UPI that will be helpful for different participants included in execution of payment through UPI so that proper strategies can be Formulate to make this system more successful in future. India has witnessed a remarkable transformation in its payment ecosystem due to rapid digitalization. The introduction of smart phones, affordable internet services, and government initiatives such as Digital India and the expansion of the National Payments Corporation of India's Unified problem factors assumption(Hypothesis Testing) on demographic basis (Gender, Residential Area) no significant difference in consumer opinion exist but on age and education qualification basis difference in user's opinion about frequency of facing problems is arise. There is numerous suggestions also provided by respondents and in last it is observed that UPI is highly recommended for use in future. Overall, this review objects to offer an understanding about the factors that affect consumer perception and the major reasons of challenges arise in using UPI. The key reason of this Payments Interface have significantly increased the adoption of digital payment systems. This research paper examines the impact of digital payments on India's social life by analyzing their influence on financial inclusion, consumer behavior, employment, education, security, and social interactions.

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 Keywords

Analysis, Social Impact, India Digital Payment, Unified Payment Interface, Study Trend, Perception, Cashless Economy,Problem.

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Helminthic infections continue to be a significant health burden worldwide and research on cheaper plant-based alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics is still of interest. The plant Sansevieria trifasciata Prain (Family: Asparagaceae) has been used ethnomedicinally for treating parasitic infections, but such activity has not been extensively validated pharmacologicallyThe anthelmintic activity of the ethanolic leaf extract was screened against adult Fasciola hepatica flukes at three concentrations (200, 400 and 800 mg/mL) using albendazole (100 mg/mL) as reference standard. For each group, time of paralysis (TOP) and time of death (TOD) were recorded. A clear concentration-dependent effect of the extract was observed, decreasing TOP from 38.59 min at 200 mg/mL to 16.59 min at 800 mg/mL and TOD from 74.33 to 34.00 min, respectively, over the same concentration range, approaching the potency of albendazole at the highest concentration tested. The results support the traditional use of S. trifasciata as an anthelmintic agent which could be due to its saponin, tannin and alkaloid contents.

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 Keywords

Sansevieria trifasciata; Anthelmintic activity; Fasciola hepatica; Phytochemical screening; Time of paralysis; Time of death; Albendazole

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This study investigates the solar light assisted photocatalytic reduction of aqueous copper(II) ions using zinc oxide particles as a cost-effective and eco-friendly photocatalyst. The effect of various process parameters like initial Cu(II) concentration, pH of solution, ZnO doses, light intensities, amount of hole scavenger (methanol) and chelating agents have been studied. It has been observed that reduction of Cu(II) increases with increase in pH, but at higher pH, precipitation of copper ions take place. The photocatalytic reduction process follows pseudo first order kinetics and increase in initial concentration from 200 to 2000 mg.L-1, the rate of reaction decreases from 0.0059 to 0.0015 min-1. With increase in light intensity and ZnO doses the rate of reduction process also increases. The presence of methanol might act as scavenger for holes, by suppressing electron-hole recombination enhance the photocatalytic reduction of Cu(II) ion by electrons. It has been also observed that the presence of chelating agents such as disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, trisodium citrate and sodium, potassium tartrate adversely affects the reduction process. These findings demonstrate that solar driven ZnO photocatalysis is a highly promising, low-cost, and sustainable approach for the efficient removal of copper from industrial wastewater.

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 Keywords

Index Terms - Cu(II), photoreduction, ZnO, chelating agents

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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint disorders worldwide, causing pain, stiffness, reduced mobility, and disability among the elderly population. In Ayurveda, knee osteoarthritis closely resembles Sandhigata Vata, a disorder characterized by vitiation of Vata Dosha affecting the joints. Among various Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches, Janu Basti, a localized external oleation therapy, has gained considerable attention for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and rejuvenative effects.

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 Keywords

Knee Osteoarthritis, Sandhigata Vata, Janu Basti, Panchakarma, Ayurveda, Vata Vyadhi, Osteoarthritis.

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This paper presents a comprehensive empirical examination of the socio-ecological vulnerabilities, infrastructure bottlenecks, and geopolitical stressors currently transforming the trans-Himalayan frontier of Leh, Ladakh. Positioned within a volatile geo-strategic zone characterized by extreme climate vulnerability and a centralized bureaucratic transition, the local population finds itself at a historical crossroads. Utilizing a stratified multi-sectoral primary dataset (N = 56), this study statistically evaluates community attitudes across core livelihood demographics including tourism frontline staff, local business owners, traditional agrarian and pastoralist practitioners, students, and institutional employees. Quantitative findings establish that while regional development policies have expedited road network expansion, they have simultaneously catalyzed acute environmental issues: 100% of respondents report profound ecological degradation, primarily localized around accelerating glacial retreat, severe winter water scarcity, and unregulated waste aggregation. Cross-tabulation (chi^2) analysis uncovers statistically significant variances in border anxiety based on livelihood types, showing that pastoralist communities face territorial containment and loss of winter grazing pastures along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Furthermore, the paper charts the near-unanimous popular alignment with civil rights movements advocating for constitutional safeguards under the Sixth Schedule or bespoke legislative guarantees under Article 371. The study reveals a structural disconnect between centralized, top-down governance and the micro-level aspirations of indigenous communities striving for localized ecological autonomy and democratic representation.

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 Keywords

Ladakh, Sixth Schedule, Water Poverty, Geopolitics, Sonam Wangchuk, Sustainable Tourism, Cold Desert, UT Administration, Trans-Himalaya.

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Abstract: Siddhisthana, the last section of the Charaka Samhita, holds a distinctive place in Ayurvedic literature because it deals with the successful execution of therapeutic procedures, especially purification therapies1. It is not simply an appendix to earlier discussions; rather, it brings theory into practice and shows how Ayurvedic treatment reaches completion through proper judgment, method, and monitoring. When examined from the perspective of the Brihatrayee--Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya it becomes clear that the concern for therapeutic success is shared by all three classics, although each text presents it with a different emphasis. Charaka gives the subject a separate and explicit textual space in Siddhisthana, mainly in relation to Panchakarma, signs of successful therapy, management of complications, and the responsibility of the physician. Sushruta, on the other hand, reflects the same concern through procedural discipline and technical precision, while Vagbhata offers a concise and clinically practical synthesis of the earlier traditions. A comparative reading therefore shows that Siddhisthana should be studied not only as one section of Charaka Samhita, but also as a wider therapeutic ideal within the classical Ayurvedic tradition. The present article critically reviews the meaning, scope, comparative dimensions, and practical relevance of Siddhisthana and argues that its greatest strength lies in its patient-centered, cautious, and outcome-oriented approach to treatment.

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 Keywords

Keywords - Siddhisthana, Brihatrayee, Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Panchakarma, Ayurvedic therapeutics, critical study

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Accurate assessment of customer financial risk is a critical requirement for lending institutions, as incorrect default predictions can result in significant financial losses and unstable credit portfolios. Traditional rule-based risk evaluation systems are limited in their ability to capture complex, non-linear relationships present in large-scale financial datasets and often fail to adapt to evolving customer behavior. This paper presents an interpretable machine learning framework for customer default prediction that combines ensemble gradient boosting models, namely XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, with Isolation Forest for unsupervised anomaly detection. The dataset used is the Home Credit Default Risk dataset, comprising 307,511 customer records described by 137 engineered features spanning demographic, financial, credit history, employment, and property attributes. Data preprocessing techniques including median and mode-based missing value imputation, standard scaling, and class balancing using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) are applied to improve data quality, given that defaulting customers represent approximately 8% of the dataset. To classify customers into Low, Medium, and High risk categories, ensemble models are trained and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and ROC-AUC. Experimental results show that LightGBM achieves the highest accuracy of 92.04%, closely followed by XGBoost at 92.01%, while CatBoost attains 83.40%. The Isolation Forest model independently flags 8.03% of test records as anomalous, complementing the supervised models by surfacing unusual application patterns. To ensure transparency, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) using SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) is integrated to interpret individual predictions and quantify feature contributions, allowing analysts to understand why a specific customer is classified into a particular risk category. The proposed system demonstrates that combining high-performing ensemble models with explainability techniques can deliver accurate, transparent, and trustworthy customer risk assessment for real-world financial applications.

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 Keywords

Customer Default Prediction, Credit Risk Assessment, Ensemble Learning, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, Isolation Forest, Explainable Artificial Intelligence, SHAP, Anomaly Detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition