Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

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Unfair Trade Practices in Electronic Commerce: An Analysis from The Standpoint of Consumers

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Unfair Trade Practices in Electronic Commerce: An Analysis from The Standpoint of Consumers

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Rural Development is one the crucial component for every economy. It faces multifaceted challenges, primarily driven by poverty, limited infrastructure, and a heavy, often subsistence-level, reliance on agriculture. Government of India has taken various initiatives and scheme to address the challenges. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMSGY) is one of them which are defined in term of road connectivity for rural poor remedies by policy makers. A successful effort has been made to reduce by connecting the rural area through this program PMSGY. Therefore, to understand the realism of this program, this study is designed. Under this study, n attempt has been made to see how much this program has been helpful in increasing the income, employment opportunities and area development for rural people, specifically at Pampoli village. In order to fulfill the objective of the study, primary data has been collected from Pampoli village, Seppa, East Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh. This study will continue the role of the road in the study of rural employment and income opportunities.

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Role of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) in Rural Development: A Case Study of Pampoli Village, Seppa, Arunachal Pradesh.

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The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as one of the most severe public health crises in modern history, profoundly affecting governance systems across the world. In India, the pandemic tested the institutional capacity, responsiveness, and resilience of public administration at both national and sub-national levels. Karnataka, one of India's most economically dynamic and administratively complex states, played a significant role in managing the crisis through policy interventions, administrative coordination, and technological innovations. This research article examines the post-COVID public administration and crisis management framework in Karnataka, with particular emphasis on governance mechanisms, healthcare administration, digital transformation, inter-governmental coordination, and citizen engagement. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach using secondary data, policy documents, and expert opinions. The findings reveal that while Karnataka demonstrated adaptability and innovation in crisis governance, structural challenges such as regional disparities, digital exclusion, and administrative coordination gaps persist. The paper concludes by proposing policy recommendations to strengthen future crisis preparedness and public administration resilience.

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Public Administration, Crisis Management, COVID-19, Karnataka, Governance, India, Public Policy

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In this paper,we introduce and investigate topological spaces called Fuzzy wgr?- Spaces and We get several characterizations and some of their properties. Also we investigate its relationship with other types of functions.

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Fuzzy wgr?-closed sets, Fuzzy wgr?-open sets, Fuzzy wgr? topological spaces

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Waste management system has become an important concern for all globally and nationally. Poor solid waste management practices in schools can lead to significant environmental consequences like pollution of air, soil, and water. In this study, we try to examine the different dimensions of the solid waste management in educational institutions. Effective waste handling also depends on the institutional capacities and how they implement the process. Educational institutions generate large enough amount of waste to justify individual attention. Minimising waste generation by focusing on management practices at the source can save disposal sites, space, reduce illegal dumping, create employment opportunities and therefore cut down on pollution potential from solid waste. Educational institutions are one of the most important and vital social institute for the community. These institutions have significant impact on surrounding community. Also, solid waste management practice in school and colleges can bring about behavioural change in students which they can apply in their home and therefore in community. Waste management in educational institutions has major social, financial, and environmental impacts. A more coordinated effort between schools, local governments, and communities could lead to a significant reduction in waste generation, better waste disposal practices and educational opportunities for students about sustainability and environmental responsibility.

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Solid waste, institutional capacities, educational institutions, sustainability, behavioral change, community.

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: Infertility (Uqr) is a major reproductive health issue affecting about 10-15% of couples, and Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is one of its most common causes. PCOD leads to anovulation, menstrual irregularities, obesity, and hormonal imbalance, making conception difficult. In the Unani system of medicine, infertility is recognized as Uqr, and PCOD is described under Marz-e- Akyas Khusytur Rehem and Ihtibas-al-Tams (retention of menses), attributed to Sue Mizaj Barid Balghami (cold and phlegmatic temperament) that disturbs the function of the uterus and ovaries. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Unani formulations in the management of infertility caused by PCOD, with emphasis on their role in inducing ovulation and restoring menstrual regularity. The study was conducted at the Department of Amraz-e-Niswan wa Qabalat (Gynecology & Obstetrics), Nizamia General Hospital, Hyderabad. A total of 30 female patients, aged 20-35 years, with infertility due to PCOD were enrolled and divided into two groups of 15 each: Group A received Ustukhuddoos (Lavandula stoechas), Gaouzaban (Borago officinalis), Gule-Tesu (Butea monosperma), Musli Safed (Chlorophytum borivilianum), and Musli Siyah (Curculigo orchioides) in decoction and powder form.Group B received Aftimoon (Cuscuta reflexa), Afsanteen (Artemisia absinthium), Sadab Khushk (Ruta chalepensis), Khulanjan (Alpinia galanga), Bozidan (Tanacetum umbelliferum), and Asgandh Nagori (Withania somnifera). Treatment was continued for three consecutive months, with follow-ups every 15 days. Clinical evaluation, hormonal assays, and follicular studies via ultrasonography (USG) were conducted to monitor ovulation and conception outcomes. The study concludes that Unani formulations are effective in inducing ovulation and regulating menstrual cycles in women suffering from PCOD-related infertility. The combination of herbs with emmenagogue, deobstruent, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing actions plays a vital role in correcting hormonal imbalance and improving reproductive function. These findings reaffirm the Unani concept of restoring E-Tedal-e-Mizaj (temperamental balance) and Taqwiyat-e-Rahem (uterine tonicity) as key principles in treating infertility.

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Infertility; Uqr; PCOD; Ihtibas-e-Tams; Unani medicine; Ovulation induction; Ustukhuddoos; Gaouzaban; Musli Safed; Gule Tisu, Musli Siyah, Reproductive health.

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of combined ballistic training and yogic practices on psychomotor profiles among college men cricket players. To achieve the purpose of the study thirty cricket players have been randomly selected from PSG college of arts & science, coimbatore, Tamil Nadu and India. The age of the subjects were ranged from 18 to 25 years. The selected subjects were divided into two groups with fifteen subjects in each group. The experimental group underwent a combined ballistic training and yogic practices programme for six weeks. The control group was not participating in any other training during the course of the study. Reaction time was taken as criterion variable in this research. The selected subjects were tested on reaction time was measured through Stick drop method (Distance on ruler 20 centimeters). To determine whether there had been a significant improvement, the dependent't' test was used to analyse the data, and an ANCOVA was used to see whether there had been any significant differences between the groups. To examine the level of significance difference, if any, across groups, the.05 level of confidence was fixed. The difference is found due to effect of combined ballistic training and yogic practices given to the experimental group on reaction time when compared to control group.

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Ballistic training, yogic practices, reaction time

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In today's fast-paced apparel retail industry, data-driven decision-making is a critical competitive differentiator. While self-service business intelligence (SSBI) tools have empowered non-technical users with analytical capabilities, they have also introduced challenges related to data governance, consistency, and scalability. This review investigates the application of federated governance models to support scalable SSBI in apparel retail organizations. Drawing on academic literature, case studies, and industry reports, the review outlines a conceptual model that combines centralized policy enforcement with decentralized, domain-specific governance roles. Experimental data from leading retail case studies demonstrate significant improvements in time-to-insight, data quality, user adoption, and governance compliance post-implementation. The paper also explores future directions including AI-augmented governance, cross-enterprise collaboration, and the integration of data ethics. The findings suggest that federated governance, when implemented with cultural and technological alignment, can deliver sustainable agility and trust in self-service analytics environments.

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Self-Service BI (SSBI); Federated Governance; Apparel Retail; Data Governance; Business Intelligence; Data Stewardship; AI in Governance; Data Culture; Scalable Analytics; Organizational Agility.

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The advent of Big Data has revolutionized the way economic behavior is observed, analyzed, and predicted, offering transformative insights into the field of behavioral economics. Big Data encompasses vast, complex, and diverse datasets generated from digital interactions, social media, online transactions, sensors, and various digital platforms. Its integration with behavioral economics provides researchers with unprecedented opportunities to understand human decision-making processes at a granular level. Traditional behavioral economics relied heavily on controlled experiments and surveys to study biases, preferences, and irrational choices. However, the availability of Big Data enables the examination of real-world behaviors across large populations and varied contexts in real time. By applying advanced analytical tools such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and predictive modeling, economists can uncover patterns of consumer behavior, financial decision-making, and social influence that were previously hidden. Big Data also enhances the predictive accuracy of behavioral models, helping policymakers and organizations design better interventions, such as nudging strategies, to promote desirable economic and social outcomes. Furthermore, it aids in refining theories of bounded rationality and prospect theory by validating them with large-scale empirical evidence. Despite these advantages, the fusion of Big Data with behavioral economics also raises critical ethical and methodological challenges. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential misuse of behavioral insights for manipulation must be addressed to ensure that data-driven economic policies remain transparent and equitable In today's digital world, we are constantly generating and collecting data. From social media posts to online shopping habits, the amount of data being created and stored is growing at an unprecedented rate. This phenomenon is known as "big data." Big data refers to the large and complex sets of data that are generated by various sources, such as social media, sensors, and other digital devices. These data sets can be analyzed to uncover patterns, trends, and insights that can inform decision-making in a variety of fields, including business, finance, healthcare, and government.

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Big Data, Behavioral Economics, Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Predictive Modeling, Human Decision-Making, Cognitive Bias, Data-Driven Policy, Real-Time Behavior Analysis, Economic Behavior, Ethical Data Use, Privacy and Security.

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An evaluation of Deendayal Upadhyay's 'Philosophical Thoughts - Holistic Happiness of Human Life'

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An evaluation of Deendayal Upadhyay's 'Philosophical Thoughts - Holistic Happiness of Human Life'

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