Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Abstract Muriel Spark occupies a distinctive place in twentieth-century British fiction for her subtle exploration of power, identity, and resistance. This paper examines the representation of gendered dissent in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and Loitering with Intent, focusing on how Spark's female protagonists subvert patriarchal authority, societal conventions, and institutional control. Drawing upon feminist literary criticism, the study argues that dissent in Spark's fiction extends beyond open rebellion and is expressed through intellectual independence, narrative agency, irony, and self-fashioning. Jean Brodie's unconventional pedagogy and Fleur Talbot's assertion of creative autonomy exemplify distinct modes of female resistance within restrictive social structures. By analyzing these characters, the paper demonstrates how Spark redefines women's agency and questions dominant cultural narratives regarding gender and power. The study contributes to contemporary feminist literary criticism by demonstrating how Spark redefines female agency through subtle forms of resistance, narrative autonomy, and intellectual dissent.

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Keywords: Gendered Dissent, Female Agency, Patriarchal Authority, Societal Convention, Resistance

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Information literacy has become one of the most important competencies for students in the digital age, where information is available in abundance through both print and electronic sources. The ability to identify information needs, locate relevant resources, evaluate their credibility, and use information ethically is essential for academic success and lifelong learning. This study investigates the level of information literacy among students of Anjabit Singh College, Bikramganj, Rohtas, Bihar, and examines its impact on their academic activities. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to students of the college. Secondary data were gathered from books, research articles, government reports, and other scholarly publications related to information literacy. The findings indicate that although most students frequently use digital devices and internet resources for academic purposes, many lack the skills required to critically evaluate online information and effectively utilize academic databases. The study also reveals that students with stronger information literacy skills demonstrate better academic performance, greater confidence in research activities, and improved learning outcomes. Limited formal training, inadequate awareness of scholarly information resources, and insufficient user education programmes were identified as major barriers. The study recommends integrating information literacy into the curriculum, strengthening library orientation programmes, and enhancing collaboration between librarians and faculty members to improve students' information competencies.

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Keywords: Information Literacy, Academic Library, Information Seeking Behaviour, Digital Literacy, Higher Education, Library Services, Academic Performance, User Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Lateral ankle sprain, Basketball players, Maitland Mobilization, Mobilization With Movement, dorsiflexion range of motion, pain intensity,

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Rahul Ravindran's Telugu film The Girlfriend (2025) has been described as a redress of the hypermasculine "campus hero" figure popularized by the film Arjun Reddy (2017). This article shows how the film performs an intertextual culturally relevant adaptation of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House (1879) where, instead of the legal-economic conditions on Nora Helmer's emancipation, one finds emotional, social and digital conditions on Bhooma Devi's emancipation within twenty first century Indian dating culture. Interpreting these two texts in the light of Simone de Beauvoir's theory of woman as constructed Other, Virginia Woolf's emphasis on intellectual and material independence, Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity, R. W. Connell's hegemonic masculinity model, and Bell hooks's theory of possessive attachment and care, the article argues this: in both fictions, intimate love's enclosed or protective nature comes to the fore, and in the crisis of the drama the heroines discover self-authorship. The divergent procedures of the two dramas suggest that, whereas Torvald's power is performed through Victorian marriage law, Vikram's power is deployed in informal technologies of control, such as gossip networks, campus reputation, and social networks, which are indicative of public patriarchy replacing private patriarchy, as described by Sylvia Walby. The article concludes by noting the limitations of comparing a highly scripted, reviewed 2025 film to a canonical, heavily edited nineteenth-century play and points towards future empirical and reception studies.

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feminist agency; hypermasculinity; coercive control; A Doll's House; The Girlfriend; eternal myth of femininity; Indian cinema; public and private patriarchy

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The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability, climate resilience, and responsible corporate governance has transformed the role of financial institutions across the globe. Banks are no longer viewed merely as financial intermediaries but as strategic agents capable of promoting sustainable economic development through environmentally responsible financing and socially accountable business practices. Green banking and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have consequently emerged as two interrelated pillars of sustainable banking that enable financial institutions to balance economic performance with environmental protection and social welfare. This study examines the integration of green banking initiatives and CSR practices within the Indian banking sector and evaluates their contribution to sustainable banking development. The findings reveal that Indian banks have progressively incorporated green banking practices such as paperless banking, digital financial services, renewable energy financing, green lending, environmentally responsible investment policies, and sustainable infrastructure financing alongside comprehensive CSR initiatives focusing on education, healthcare, financial inclusion, rural development, women empowerment, and environmental conservation. The study proposes policy recommendations emphasizing stronger regulatory support, integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into banking operations, enhanced sustainability reporting, climate-risk management, technological innovation, and stakeholder engagement. The findings contribute to the growing literature on sustainable finance by demonstrating that effective integration of green banking and CSR can significantly strengthen environmental stewardship, social responsibility, institutional resilience, and long-term financial sustainability.

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Green Banking; Corporate Social Responsibility; Sustainable Banking; ESG; Sustainable Finance; Indian Banking Sector; Environmental Sustainability; CSR Practices.

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This paper presents the design and development of a motorized can crusher using a rack and pinion mechanism for efficient aluminum can recycling. A 12V DC geared motor converts rotary motion into linear motion to crush cans, reducing their volume by approximately 75-80%. The system is compact, energy-efficient, and suitable for homes, hostels, and small-scale recycling applications. The 3D CAD model was developed using Autodesk Fusion 360 to validate the design before fabrication. The proposed mechanism provides a low-cost, reliable, and eco-friendly solution with potential for future automation and IoT integration.

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Can Crusher Rack and Pinion Waste Management Recycling DC Geared Motor Mechanical Design Automation

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Plant-based gums and resins have been traditionally used for their medicinal properties as well as showing anti-microbial activity due to their unique phytochemical composition which involves identifying and quantifying the bioactive compounds present in these plant-based gums and resins. This review paper discusses on an overview of the phytochemical composition, anti-microbial analysis and biochemical activity on a global scale including national and international level, on several plant that secrete gums and resins such as Boswellia carteri Birdw., Commiphora molmol (Engl.) Engl. ex Tschirch, Boswellia papyrifera (Caill.) Hochst., Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile, Boswellia serrata Roxb., Ferula assa-foetida L., Boswellia rivae Engl., Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl., Sarcocolla gum resin plant and Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. Shorea robusta Gaertn.f., Commiphora myrrha, Operculina turpethum, Pinus roxburghii, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora mukul, and Gardenia resinifera etc., various investigations have been done on, for their phytochemical screening which includes qualitative as well as quantitative analysis and anti-microbial (anti-bacterial and anti-fungal) analysis. However, previous studies have not been thorough in many areas, and there are facets that warrant further investigation.

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gums, resins, gums-resins, anti-microbial activity, qualitative and quantitative analysis

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Rajasthan ke Jaipur Zile ki Dravyavati Nadi Jirnoddhar Pariyojana ke Samajik Arthik Prabhav ka Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan

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Rajasthan ke Jaipur Zile ki Dravyavati Nadi Jirnoddhar Pariyojana ke Samajik Arthik Prabhav ka Vishleshanatmak Adhyayan

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Abstract Special education in India is crucial for the progression of inclusive and equitable education for students with disabilities. The country has made significant strides in the last few decades through legislative changes, policy attempts and inclusive educational practices. The objective of this review is to study the development, current status, major challenges and new opportunities in special education in India. The study adopted a descriptive review research design which includes secondary data collection through peer reviewed journal articles, books, government reports, policy papers and publications of national and international organizations. The literature reviewed shows that the framework for inclusive education has been enhanced by laws such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. But its effective implementation is hampered by problems such as inadequate infrastructure, shortage of qualified teachers, limited access to assistive technologies and disparities between urban and rural schools. Technological developments, teacher professional development, inclusive pedagogical approaches and cooperative efforts between governments, schools, families and communities also present promising prospects for improving educational outcomes. The review concludes that creating an inclusive education system, which ensures high-quality learning opportunities and equal participation for all students with disabilities in India, requires consistent policy implementation, investments in teacher capacity, accessible learning environments and evidence-based educational practices.

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Keywords: Special Education, Inclusive Education, Disability, NEP 2020, RPWD Act 2016, Teacher Education, Assistive Technology

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Background: Successful endodontic treatment depends on complete disinfection of the root canal system and an adequate three-dimensional seal. Persistent periapical pathology following root canal treatment may result from inadequate debridement, deficient obturation, or persistent microbial infection. In such cases, surgical endodontic intervention serves as an effective alternative when nonsurgical retreatment is unlikely to achieve complete resolution. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old female presented for replacement of a temporary crown in the maxillary right central incisor, which had previously undergone root canal treatment. Radiographic examination revealed inadequate obturation with multiple voids and a well-defined periapical radiolucency, indicating persistent periapical disease. Following initial nonsurgical management, periapical surgery was performed. The procedure included apicoectomy through a semilunar flap approach, periradicular curettage, root-end resection, retrograde cavity preparation, and retrograde filling with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) followed by obturation of 11 using a modified cone technique with bioceramic sealer. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated uneventful healing with satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes. Conclusion: Apicoectomy is a predictable tooth-preserving treatment for persistent periapical lesions when conventional endodontic therapy is unsuccessful. Careful diagnosis, appropriate case selection, meticulous surgical technique, and the use of bioactive materials such as MTA are essential for achieving favorable treatment outcomes.

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Apicoectomy, Endodontic Microsurgery, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Persistent Periapical Lesion, Root-End Resection, Retrograde Filling, Pediatric Dentistry.

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