Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Malnutrition is a deficiency or imbalance of nutrients, causing adverse effects on body composition, function, and clinical outcomes.It occurs for psychosocial reasons and disease, directly affecting clinical outcomes and causing significant healthcare expenditure. Recognizing and treating malnutrition can improve patient care and reduce costs.

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Protein-energy malnutrition, its prevalence, nutritional management, health economics, MUST score, re-feeding syndrome, and screening in the elderly population.

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This study investigates the effect of hardfacing on AISI 1020 mild steel using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding techniques with chromium-rich electrodes. Hardfacing was performed using both single and double bead layers while systematically varying welding current at different time intervals. The primary objective was to analyze the influence of welding parameters on the resulting microstructure and surface hardness of the hardfaced layers. Scanning Electron Microscopy and hardness testing were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the overlays [1]. Results indicated that an increase in welding current and the application of double bead layers generally led to enhanced hardness due to improved fusion and carbide formation, although excessive current sometimes resulted in dilution and microstructural coarsening. While the SMAW technique gave better penetration, the MIG process produced bead profiles that were smoother and had fewer spatters. For mild steel components used in industrial settings, the results help optimize hardfacing parameters for wear-resistant surface engineering. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the study also shows that the number of bead passes had a substantial impact on the thermal cycles and subsequent grain refining. A more homogeneous microstructure with greater hardness uniformity throughout the surface was created by double bead arrangements, particularly when current conditions were tuned. The comparison of MIG and SMAW hardfacing brought to light the compromises between microstructural control and deposition quality [2-3]. When choosing welding parameters for surface engineering applications that call for improved mechanical durability and wear resistance of low-carbon steels like AISI 1020, these insights can be helpful.

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Hardfacing, SMAW, MIG Welding, Chromium-Rich Electrodes, Microstructure, Hardness, Bead Layers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Keywords : renewable energy, fossil fuel, climate , sustainable.

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Ayurveda places strong emphasis on Ahara (diet) as the foundation of health, strength, and disease prevention. Central to this approach are the principles of Pathya (wholesome practices) and Apathya (unwholesome practices), which guide dietary and lifestyle choices based on individual constitution and disease condition. This review explores the role of Pathya and Apathya in the management of Hikka (hiccough), Kasa (cough), and Shwasa (respiratory disorders), drawing from classical texts such as Charaka Samhita and Vaidyajivanam. The analysis reveals that therapeutic procedures like Swedana, Dhoomapana, and Vamana, along with specific dietary recommendations, are consistently prescribed. Foods that are light, warm, and Kapha-Vata reducing are encouraged, while heavy, cold, and mucus-forming items are contraindicated. These traditional guidelines are supported by modern nutritional principles, emphasizing balanced intake and digestibility. The study underscores the value of incorporating Pathya-Apathya into clinical practice to improve outcomes and highlights their preventive and curative potential in Ayurveda.

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 Keywords

Pathya, apathya, ayurveda ahara, Hikka, Kasa, Swasa

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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two types of physical therapy interventions--proprioceptive training and reactive balance training--in improving balance and reducing fall risk among elderly women. Methods: The experimental study was conducted in various OPDs (SBS College OPD, Bala Pritam Hospital). The sample of 30 patients were selected through randomized control trial and placed in to 2 groups. Proprioceptive training was given to the group A, Reactive balance training was given to the group B. The BBS and TUG were the assessment tool used for all the patient before and after 6 weeks of the physical therapy intervention. Result: Both intervention groups demonstrated improvements in balance. Group A showed marginally better improvements based on post-intervention mean values. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p-values for BBS and TUG were 0.295 and 0.338, respectively; both exceeding the threshold of p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings indicate that both proprioceptive and reactive balance training methods are effective in enhancing balance among elderly females. This suggests their potential value in clinical practice for fall prevention.

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 Keywords

Elderly, proprioceptive training, reactive balance training, fall risk, balance

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Online class is a type of class wherein teaching-learning process conducted through virtual mode. During COVID-19 Pandemic, face-to-face class was not possible to conduct. Therefore, online class was taken by teachers to continue the education process. At that time, online education becomes more popular at school level. This research paper aimed to examine the perception of secondary school students towards online education with including various dimensions of online education, such as: teachers' methods in online learning, convenience in online learning, learning motivation of students in online learning, effectiveness of online learning. The researcher adopted descriptive survey research for conducting this study. Sample of the study consists 80 secondary school students including boys and girls from both rural and urban areas. These sample were selected through using stratified random sampling techniques and the researcher used a self-made questionnaire tool to collect the data from the participants. Furthermore, the purpose of analysis and interpretation of the data the researcher used percentage analysis, Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test. The findings of the study pointed out that most of the students perceived positive perception regarding teaching methods of teachers and most students found the materials accessible, understandable, and applicable, and participated actively in discussions. Similarly, Students perceived moderate to high convenience in online learning, particularly in completing assignments and engaging with forums. However, communication issues and teacher responsiveness to students' personal obstacles emerged as significant challenges. Overall, students perceived a high level of attention and motivation regarding online education, while perceived a negative to moderate perception towards the effectiveness of online education compared to physical class. This research study also founded that there is no significant difference between the perception of male and female secondary school students towards online education but there is significant difference between the perception of rural and urban secondary school students towards online education. Rural secondary school students possessed more favourable perception towards online education.

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Online Education, Perception, Secondary School Students

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A study of economic and political dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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A study of economic and political dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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The consumption of Junk food is a global issue of epidemic proportions with the rise in the consumption of the same, among the kids, teenagers, and young adults [1]. Junk food not only contains many calories, fat, sugar, and salt content; but also lacks the important nutritional values required by the body [5]. This has resulted to a lot of health related problems including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and low performance in schools [6]. This is a review that has been conducted to investigate the existing literature to investigate the patterns, determinants, and health consequences of junk food consumption. Research indicates that junk food habits are so addictive and mostly likely due to peer influence, advertisement, convenience, and the taste of the food as well as change in lifestyles [4,9]. Patterns show that students tend to take it a lot during school holidays and who are not at home with their families recording higher prevalence [8]. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, and level of knowledge are some of the determinants of consumption behaviours [8]. Such health effects are so pronounced with amplified body mass index (BMI), reduced physical conditioning and metabolic diseases [3,7]. A strong association was invariably expressed between extensive consumption of the junk food and lower academic and sports performance [2,10]. Mixed method studies, cross sectional survey and co-relational studies of different contexts in the world such as India, Iran, Romania and Nepal were reviewed. It is quite apparent in this review that there is an urgent need to implement awareness programs, parent education and institutional interventions in order to contain this emerging trend [1,9]. The implication of the growing interest in nutritional education and lifestyle alternations in order to decrease the dependence on harmful food consumption habits is also noted [1].

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Junk food, Adolescents, Obesity, Physical fitness, Nutritional behaviour

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Study of social and economic dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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Study of social and economic dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The banking industry of India is undergoing continuous evolution in the recent times owing to significant changes not only in terms of customer requirements but also the business environment in larger scale. This has forced the banking sector in India to strive for making innovations in banking products and services and also provide better customer satisfaction. All the banks are striving hard to achieve this but it is observed that the main hindrance in this process is the customers lack of knowledge and awareness about the recent banking innovations. Therefore, it has become imperative for the banks nowadays to create awareness and also educate their customers about the digital banking innovations. However, it is found that certain factors like demonetization, covid - 19, government policy have been instrumental in compelling people to shift from traditional banking to online digital banking.

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 Keywords

banking sector, digital banking, customer awareness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition