Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The acquisition of English grammar remains a central concern in the study of second language learning, particularly in multilingual and socio-economically diverse contexts such as Kerala. This paper investigates the differences in English grammar proficiency between urban English-medium and rural state-syllabus Malayalam-medium Class VIII students in Ernakulam district. A sample of 720 students -- 60 students each from 12 schools comprising both government and aided institutions -- was administered a printed grammar questionnaire consisting of ten sets of questions covering tenses, articles, prepositions, error correction, and sentence construction. Convenience sampling was employed to select the participants. The findings reveal that urban English-medium students significantly outperform their rural state-syllabus-medium counterparts across all grammatical categories. Furthermore, a gender-based analysis indicates that boys demonstrate higher overall proficiency than girls in both groups. The study situates these findings within broader frameworks of sociolinguistic theory and the input hypothesis, and concludes with pedagogical implications for improving English grammar instruction in rural and vernacular-medium schools.

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 Keywords

English grammar proficiency, urban-rural divide, medium of instruction, gender differences, Class VIII, Ernakulam district, Kerala.

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Alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, glycosides and other plant secondary metabolites form a very heterogeneous class; nonetheless, phytochemical analysis usually reveals only a small part of them. Omics technology unifies the disciplines of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics and microbiomics in order to establish a connection between genetic potential, enzymes, metabolites, and their functions. The present review provides an organized structure for the biochemical characterization of biological samples using the omics approach, especially with respect to experimental design, normalization, integration across platforms, pathway construction, and validation. Examples are given to highlight the importance of mathematical integration: Single cell analysis of Catharanthus roseus identified a 38 step biosynthesis pathway of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in three leaf cell types; reconstruction of vinblastine synthesis pathway in yeast involved 30 enzymes and 56 genetic manipulations; while in Artemisia, 5.13 mg g-1 dry weight of artemisinin corresponded to significant differences in gene-expression and trichome phenotypes. A workflow process that integrates authentic plant materials, sampling standardization, layer-based quality controls, scaling of features, network correlations, and functional validations that will lead to biomarker and bio-synthesis targets is suggested. The major limitations include partial genome, batch effects, lack of proper metabolites annotations, tissue heterogeneities, and inadequate causal validation. Innovative approaches in single cell sequencing, spatial sequencing, long read sequencing, and artificial intelligence can make medicinal plant characterization evolve from a mere descriptive approach to a biochemical predictive model.

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 Keywords

medicinal plants, biochemical characterization, integrated omics, metabolomics, specialized metabolites, systems biology

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The purpose of the study analyses the aggression level between state and district male hockey players. The variable selected for the study was aggression level. The subject age ranged between 14-21 years. The subjects of the study were 40 boys of state and district level male hockey players in Punjab. The selected aggression level was assessed using the standardized test. The collected data on the selected variables are treated with independent "t"-test for aggression level.

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 Keywords

Aggression level, district and state level, Male, hockey players.

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The current study takes a theoretical and experimental approach to evaluate the interaction of gamma radiation with sustainable biopolymeric materials. The biopolymeric materials' sensitivity to gamma radiation was studied over a variety of radiation doses in order to better understand their behavior and prospective application in radiation-related situations. The effects of gamma radiation were investigated experimentally, and key photon interaction parameters such as the mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth valve layer, and mean free path were calculated theoretically. The findings demonstrated that gamma radiation has a considerable impact on the performance of the studied biopolymeric materials, with the magnitude of the effects varying depending on the radiation dose used. Theoretical evaluations suggested that these materials had good gamma-ray attenuation properties, and practical findings validated their prospective usage in radiation conditions. The consistency between theoretical and experimental data supports the validity of the approaches used to examine radiation interaction properties. Overall, this study sheds light on the effects of gamma radiation on sustainable biopolymeric materials, highlighting their potential applications in radiation shielding, sterilization processes, biomedical technologies, and other advanced functional materials. The combined theoretical and experimental approaches help to develop environmentally friendly materials for radiation-related applications.

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Mass Attenuation Coefficient, Half-Value Layer, Tenth Valve Layer

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Religion plays a significant role in a society. One of the main social structures that helps a society or culture create its own social and cultural identity. There are strong conventional beliefs about religion and other social aspects of life in every tribal group. The Boro community is the protological source of Bathou religion in this world. Oral literature and mythological stories are the only historical accounts of Bathouism. One of the biggest ethnolinguistic groups in Northeast India, the Bodo people of Assam, have a rich cultural legacy rooted in the native religion known as Bathouism. Bathouism, which is based on the worship of "Bwraibathou or Bathoubwrai" (the supreme deity) and is represented by the sacred Sijou tree (Euphorbia Neriifolia), is a sophisticated fusion of oral tradition, rituals, and nature worship. Religion and folk culture have a strong relationship since religion is an institution that links folk culture to the different traditional practices, ceremonies, and rituals of the society. The Bodos' have a very structured and close-knit social life. To enjoy their social life, Bodos adhere to a set of communal norms and regulations. They enjoy and support a communal life, cooperation, mutual aid, teamwork, farming, fishing, and celebrations, among other activities, in which the entire community works and has fun. The values, ceremonies, rituals, beliefs, social norms, ethics, and philosophy of the Bodo community are the main components of Bathouism. This native religion has been under pressure from modernization, cultural assimilation, and religious conversion in recent decades. The significance of Bathouism as a cultural anchor that maintains Bodo identity in the face of swift societal change is examined in this paper, in addition to its role as a religious system. Researchers have noted that the Bodos' traditional religion, known as Bathou, is deviated from the Hinduism philosophy.

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 Keywords

Bathouism, Sijou, Bodo, Religion, Animism, Assam

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Cloud computing has become one of the most important technologies in modern digital infrastructure because it provides scalable, flexible, and cost-effective computing services to organizations across the world. Businesses, educational institutions, healthcare organizations, banking sectors, and industrial environments increasingly depend on cloud platforms to store data, execute applications, manage services, and support large-scale online operations. As cloud environments continue to grow in complexity, managing resources efficiently and detecting failures quickly have become major challenges. Cloud resource scaling and failure detection using Machine Learning (ML) is an advanced approach that aims to optimize cloud performance, reduce operational costs, improve reliability, and ensure uninterrupted service delivery. This project focuses on designing an intelligent framework that combines cloud resource management with machine learning techniques, particularly the Random Forest algorithm, to achieve efficient resource allocation and accurate failure prediction in cloud systems.

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Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, Random Forest Algorithm, Cloud Resource Scaling Failure Detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Teachers' mental health and wellbeing have a big impact on their own lives as well as their students' academic achievement, and they are essential in fostering a happy learning environment. A comprehensive strategy is needed to enhance teachers' mental health. Training in mental health literacy, continual professional growth, and the establishment of encouraging school settings should all be part of this. These actions can help educators better understand mental health concerns and promote an inclusive and supportive school climate

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Mental Health, well being

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Abstract In today's time, there are various situations that come in everyone's life that we understand the other point of view. Empathy should be developed among children to combat anger, self-centeredness and over analytical thinking. It is a skill where a person see and understand things from their point of view and context, imagine their own self in other's place and then responds appropriately. Empathy requires acceptance, understanding and sensitivity to comprehend and emotionally connect to other's backgrounds, experiences and perspectives. Teachers who feels and empathize with others are valued and they justify their teaching to a larger extent. In this article, the concept, need and importance and the ways of developing Empathy will be dealt in detail. This life skill is essential for developing Human Values among individuals.

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Keywords: Empathy, Life Skill, Human Values

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Skin cancer is one of the most rapidly increasing and serious health issues globally. Detecting it at an early stage is crucial for successful treatment and saving lives .This paper presents a smart and secure system that uses Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to analyze digital skin images and classify them as either non-threatening or harmful.The system begins by capturing an image of a skin mark, then processes it to remove background noise, isolates the specific area of concern, and examines its texture, shape, and color.Using advanced AI techniques, the system identifies subtle signs of danger, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing human error and manual work.In addition to AI, the system incorporates Blockchain technology to securely store patient data and diagnostic files in a protected, immutable network, ensuring that medical records remain safe from unauthorized access.Test results indicate that this combined system offers high accuracy, making it a valuable aid for doctors in quick screenings, early detection, and informed decision-making.

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 Keywords

Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Skin Cancer Detection, Blockchain Security, Image Preprocessing, Multiclass Classification, Medical Data Privacy, Dermoscopic Images.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The growing emphasis on environmental stewardship, climate resilience, and sustainable development has significantly transformed the strategic priorities of organizations across industries. In response to increasing regulatory pressures, stakeholder expectations, and global sustainability initiatives, organizations are progressively embedding green practices into their operational and strategic frameworks. Among various sectors, the Information Technology (IT) industry plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable business practices due to its rapid technological advancements, extensive resource utilization, and significant contribution to economic development. Consequently, Green Sustainable Organizational Practices (GSOPs) have emerged as a comprehensive organizational approach that integrates environmental responsibility with economic viability and social well-being to achieve long-term organizational sustainability.

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 Keywords

Green Sustainable Organizational Practices; Organizational Sustainability; Green Human Resource Management; Green Leadership; Green Organizational Culture; Green Innovation; Green Marketing; Information Technology Industry; Sustainable Development; Environmental Sustainability; Strategic Management; Structural Equation Modeling (SEM); Telangana.

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