Volume 8 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Trafficking means the act of transporting, harbouring or receiving a thing for some illegal purpose. Generally trafficking of human beings is the process of sending the person from one place to another forcefully for some financial gain. Trafficking of woman and children for bagging or selling for sexual purpose or for any other illegal activity is the serious crime. This crime is a global issue. This crime is committed not by a single person but by an organized group. Although the person of any age is on the target of the group of criminals, yet the woman and children (male or female) are the main victims of such crimes. Crime of trafficking against women and children is committed for many illegal purposes such as sexual harassment, bagging, selling the girls for marriage etc. Various laws have been made for protecting the women and children from trafficking. Penal provision under Indian Penal Code, Immoral trafficking Act with amendments in 2006 and other laws specifically provide protection to women and children from this organized crime. Part III of The Constitution also includes protection against trafficking as Fundamental Right and therefore our judiciary is also active in protecting the persons from this crime.

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 Keywords

Constitution, trafficking, harboring, organised crime

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is the best rule of evidence that only direct evidence can be given of any fact in issue or relevant fact whether it is oral evidence or documentary. Direct evidence means if it is the evidence of a witness, it must be given by such person who has direct knowledge of the facts or if it is a document, it should be the original/primary document. Opinion of a person is neither relevant nor admissible in the proceeding. But there is an exception to this rule provided in Indian Evidence Act under section 45 and 45 A. Section 45 and 45 A provide the provision for relevancy of opinion of an expert in the judicial proceedings. These sections provide that when the court has to form an opinion as to the matter of science or art or relating to identification of handwriting or finger impression or electronic signature, the opinion of an expert having special knowledge in that matter/field is relevant. The reason is that the judicial officers are not supposed to be expert or having sufficient knowledge in all the matters. Therefore they are free to take the help of experts in technical matters. The opinion of an expert can be taken in to consideration if the court wishes to it.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Experts, Opinion, technical knowledge, Skill, identification

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Eating and swallowing are complex behaviours involving volitional and reflexive activities. They have two important biological functions: the movement of food from the oral cavity to stomach and the defense of the airways. Dysphagia takes its name from the Greek root phagein, meaning to ingest or engulf. Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure used to reduce the risk of stroke from carotid artery stenosis. Dysphagia following bilateral carotid endarterectomy may result if the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is weakened and the vocal fold is paralyzed. The open airway prevents the vocal folds from acting as the final line of aspiration defence. Ekberg (2002) analyzed the capacity of 12 patients to swallow before and after carotid endarterectomy. Findings prior to surgery were common for all swallowing trials so after surgery five patients had pharyngeal dysfunction and dysphagia. Two patients had swallowing difficulty within 1 month of surgery. These researches speculated that either the dysfunction was attributable to the peripheral nerve injury (vagus) or cerebrovascular damage during the procedure. The present study consist a total of 30 patients post carotid endarterectomy evaluated using EAT-10 swallowing screening tool within two weeks. All patients were informed regarding aim and procedure of the study and asked to mark response between 0 � 4 on a rating scale indicating no difficulty to severe difficulty and prior consent was obtained. The results revealed that individuals following carotid endarterectomy have reported oropharyngeal dysphagia. The mean scores are lesser (most difficulty) for cough while eating i.e. aspiration followed by issues in swallowing liquid and solid food. The findings from the present study important knowledge about their swallowing state, and help SLP�s to facilitate early intervention and provide the patient with the necessary resources to develop their everyday life swallowing abilities and functions.

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 Keywords

Dysphagia, Carotid Endarterectomy, EAT-10

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

- Network security is the process of strategizing a defensive approach to secure our data and resources over the computer network infrastructure against any potential threat or unauthorized access. It uses software as well as hardware technologies to achieve the optimal solution for network defense. The main issue of network security is computing because many types of attacks are increasing day by day. Protecting computer and network security are critical issues now-a-days. There are different kind of attacks that can be sent across the network. Many businesses secure themselves from the internet by means of firewalls and encryption mechanisms. There is a large amount of personal, commercial, military, and government information on networking infrastructures worldwide and all of these required different security techniques. This paper discusses the different kinds of attacks along with Security tools that can be applied according to the network.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Network Security, attacks, hackers, firewalls, encryption, security analysis threat analysis, security vulnerability, malware, communication, internet

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Armed Forces Special Protection Act (AFSPA) is a law that seeks to protect national security in situations of foreign disturbance. This legitimizes the presence of the military in places where the civil administration can inform as troubled areas. Though the objective of the act is to secure peace and order in disturbed areas, however it poses grave concerns to the human rights of the people living in those areas. In many instances, it is reported that the cases of human rights abuse have committed by the forces with impunity. As stated above, the aim of the AFSPA is to bring peace and stability to the disturbed areas, contrary to this basic objective, there are allegations that the Army uses excessive force while implementing it. Human surveys and the Commission formed by the Government of India have defined and argued that this law has not accomplished its objective of curbing military and rebellion and restoring normality in the affected areas. It is further suggested that the use of armed forces should be restricted in democracy, and the continued presence of the army that indicate the government's inability to address this issue through a democratic and constitutional method. Even the north-eastern areas have been identified as disturbed, while hostilities have not been reported for decades and no casualties have been reported. In view of this current scenario, the current study analyzes the position of AFSPA in the North-Eastern State and its consequences for the security of the State. This research also discusses the historical context of the AFSPA clamping in the north-eastern states and human problems since its inception. Finally, it argues that ways and means in which the interest and rights of the people of north-east to be protected under the constitutional mechanisms.

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 Keywords

Army, Armed Forces Act, 1958 extra judicial law human rights constitutional north-east eastern

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The aim of this study was to investigate food hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice amongst food handlers� in selected hotels and restaurants in Thika Town, Kenya. A cross sectional survey design was adopted. The study targeted population 470 food handlers from which 216 respondents were sampled for study. Simple random sampling was used during data collection, while, structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaire for data collection was validated through a pretest study and its reliability was measured using the Cronbach?s Alpha test. The responses were coded and analyzed using quantitative methods including means, percentages, standard deviations, frequency distributions. A total of 184 questionnaires were found fit and complete for data analysis. Generally, the food handler�s knowledge was high with a mean percentage score of positive answers of (81.1%�7.3%). With regards to attitudes the food handlers exhibited positive attitude towards food hygiene with an overall mean of 3.6�0.5 out total 5. Overall, the food handlers had good practices in food hygiene with a mean percentage score of 86.3%�8.3%. However, a considerable number of food handlers (27.5%) exhibited unhygienic food practices. The public health authorities should do thorough checks to ensure that all food handlers hold valid medical certificates. Restaurant and hotel managers should ensure that all food handlers are free from illness and those ill should not be allowed to handle food. Similar studies need to be carried out among food handlers operating in the many fast food restaurants and food kiosks around the country.

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 Keywords

Food hygiene, knowledge, knowledge, attitude, practices, food handlers, food borne illnesses

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent increase in the rate of earthquake every year & thereby increasing loss of life & property has led to necessity of comparing the methods of analyzing & designing of building structure. The selection of a building configuration is one of the most important aspects of overall design in its role to provide seismic protection that may impose severe limitations on the structure. In India, the zones are divided according to the rate of magnitude of earthquake. Indian codes divided the entire country into four seismic zone (II, III, IV, V) depending on the seismic risk. The study of the building structure according to the zone was done by the classifying into two methods i.e. Ordinary RC Moment Resisting Frame (OMRF) structures & Special RC Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) structures.

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 Keywords

OMRF system, SMRF system, base shear, Bending moment, Shear force.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Data ware housing is a booming enterprise with many fascinating lookup problems. The information warehouse is focused on solely few aspects. Here we are discussing about the information warehouse format and usage. Let�s appear at a number of techniques to the information ware residence graph and utilization manner and the steps involved. Data warehouse can be constructed the usage of a top-down approach, backside down strategy or a mixture of both. In this lookup paper we are discussing about the information warehouse graph process.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Data Warehousing, Data Warehouse Design, Development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Deciding on a career path can be one of the most important choices you make in your life. A career that you are not only successful in, but also enjoy doing will affect all aspects of your life in a positive way. But do we explore all the options before making a decision? The average Canadian will switch career paths several times within their lifetime for various reasons. But when making the choice, it�s important to consider all the different factors that play out in a career, including job security, financial stability, and the Canadian job market One question that may get ignored by many people looking to start a new career, or simply entering the job market for the first time, is whether or not they want to be an entrepreneur or an employee. In fact, most people struggle with the difference between the two because they only saw employment as the choice that was available for them. We are often encouraged to find a great job, and many of us don�t think about creating our own employment by becoming a business owner. Knowing the difference between employment and business mindset is crucial to understanding which option would work better for you as an individual, and how being an employee or a business owner can suit your own personality and goals.

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 Keywords

Key words: Entrepreneur, Employment, Schemes, subsidy, programs, Policies; Soft skills, self-employment, paid time off

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition